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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression ofADH1 confers hyper-resistance to formaldehyde inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Formaldehyde ; Hyper-resistance ; Alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to clone genes involved in resistance to formaldehyde we have screened a genomic library based on the episomal plasmid YEp24 for the ability to increase resistance to formaldehyde in a wild-type strain. In addition toSFA, the gene encoding the formaldehyde dehydrogenase Adh5, an enzyme most potent in formaldehyde de-toxification, we isolated a second plasmid that conferred a less pronounced but significant hyper-resistance to formaldehyde. Its passenger DNA contained the geneADH1, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (EC 1.1.1.1), which could be shown to be responsible for the observed hyper-resistance phenotype. Construction of anadh1-0 mutant revealed that yeast lacking a functionalADH1 gene is sensitive to formaldehyde. While glutathione is essential for Adh5-mediated formaldehyde de-toxification, Adh1 reduced formaldehyde best in the absence of this thiol compound. Evidence is presented that formaldehyde is a substrate for Adh1 in vivo and in vitro and that its cellular de-toxification employs a reductive step that may yield methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutant allele pso7-1, that sensitizes Saccharomyces cerevisiae to photoactivated psoralen, is allelic with COX11, encoding a protein indispensable for a functional cytochrome c oxidase (1999)
    Springer
    Current genetics 36 (1999), S. 124-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Psoralen sensitivity ; Cytochrome oxidase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Oxidative stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The yeast gene PSO7 was cloned from a genomic library by complementation of the pso7-1 mutant's sensitivity phenotype to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Sequence analysis revealed that PSO7 is allelic to the 1.1-kb ORF of the yeast gene COX11 which is located on chromosome XVI and encodes a protein of 28-kDa localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Allelism of PSO7/COX11 was verified by non-complementation of 4NQO-sensitivity in diploids homo- and hetero-allelic for the pso7-1 and cox11::TRP1 mutant alleles. Sensitivity to 4NQO was the same in exponentially growing cells of the pso7-1 mutant and the cox11::TRP1 disruptant. Allelism of COX11 and PSO7 indicates that the pso7 mutant's sensitivity to photoactivated 3-carbethoxypsoralen and to 4NQO is not caused by defective DNA repair, but rather is due to an altered metabolism of the pro-mutagen 4NQO in the absence of cytochrome oxidase (Cox) in pso7-1/cox11::TRP1 mutants/disruptants. Lack of Cox might also lead to a higher reactivity of the active oxygen species produced by photoactivated 3-carbethoxypsoralen. The metabolic state of the cells is important for their sensitivity phenotype since the largest enhancement of sensitivity to 4NQO between wild-type (WT) and the pso7 mutant occurs in exponentially growing cells, while cells in stationary phase or growing cells in phosphate buffer have the same 4NQO resistance, irrespective of their WT/mutant status. Strains containing the pso7-1 or cox11::TRP1 mutant allele were also sensitive to the oxidative stress-generating agents H2O2 and paraquat. Mutant pso7-1, as well as disruptant cox11::TRP1, harboured mitochondria that in comparison to WT contained less than 5% and no detectable Cox activity, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050481
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and fate of cross-links induced by polyfunctional anticancer drugs in yeast (1979)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 176 (1979), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A method to detect low levels of interstrand cross-links in DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. Isopycnic ultracentrifugation of alkali-treated, unpurified Eaton press homogenates allows the detection of less than one cross-link per yeast chromosome. Efficient separation of single-and double-stranded DNA requires low cell density and addition of glycerol during homogenization. Using a yeast strain defective in excision repair, a dose dependent formation of interstrand cross-links after treatment of cells with biological doses of nitrogen mustard. Triaziquone and Chloramubil could be demonstrated. The most powerful of these alkylating agents is Triaziquone: half of the DNA molecules are shown to be cross-linked after a 12 min exposure to 9×10-9 g/ml of the drug. The cross-linking reaction continues after excessive alkylating agent is removed. After having reached a maximum the fraction continues after excessive alkylating agent is removed. After having reached a maximum the fraction of renaturable DNA decreases upon further incubation. The speed of this “after-reaction” depends on temperature: 48 h after the end of treatment renaturability of DNA has almost completely disappeared when cells are kept at 36° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334294
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for the isolation and characterization of thymidylate uptaking mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 147 (1976), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mutant tmp1−10 ts which confers thermosensitive auxotrophy for thymidylate is employed for the selection of 5′-dTMP uptaking mutants. At the nonpermissive temperature yeast cells phenotypically wild type for thymidylate uptake can grow for only 3 to 4 generations in the presence of 10−2 M 5′-dTMP. Thymidylate utilizing mutants (tum mutants) were isolated which can grow in the presence of 12 to 24 μg 5′-dTMP/ml. Genetical analysis revealed one of these mutant strains to be a double mutant, tuml tum2. For normal growth haploid thymidylate auxotrophic strains require approximately 360 μg 5′-dTMP/ml when tum1 and 24 μg 5′-dTMP when tum2 is present, respectively. Cells prototrophic for thymidylate (TMP) harbouring tum1 tum2 will also take up 5′-dTMP and incorporate it specifically into their DNA. Thymidylate utilization in such strains is independent of functional mitochondria, as similar incorporation of labelled 5′-dTMP is found in isogenic strains with rho +, rho − and rho 0 status. Optimal stimulation of the 5′-dTMP uptaking principle in haploid TMP strains is found at 4 μg 5′-dTMP/ml when tum1 and tum2 are present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267573
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation ofSNM1, an inducibleSaccharomyces cerevisiae gene required for repair of DNA cross-links (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 162-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: DNA repair ; Regulation ; Gene fusion ; DRE element ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The interstrand cross-link repair geneSNM1 ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae was examined for regulation in response to DNA-damaging agents. Induction ofSNM1-lacZ fusions was detected in response to nitrogen mustard, cis-platinum (II) diamine dichloride, UV light, and 8-methoxypsoralen + UVA, but not after heat-shock treatment or incubation with 2-dimethyl-aminoethylchloride, methylmethane sulfonate or 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide. The promoter ofSNM1 contains a 15 bp motif, which shows homology to the DRE2 box of theRAD2 promoter. Similar motifs have been found in promoter regions of other damage-inducible DNA repair genes. Deletion of this motif results in loss of inducibility ofSNM1. Also, a putative negative up-stream regulation sequence was found to be responsible for repression of constitutive transcription ofSNM1. Surprisingly, no inducibility ofSNM1 was found after treatment with DNA-damaging agents in strains without an intactDUN1 gene, while regulation seems unchanged insad1 mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174175
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleic acid metabolism in yeast (1975)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 143 (1975), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The three haploid yeast strains T2tmp1-3, T2tmp1-1, and T6tmp1-51 auxotrophic for 5′-dTMP differ in their requirement for thymidylate: 72, 16, and 3 μg 5′-dTMP/ml will restore optimal growth, respectively. Thymidylate low requirement in strain T2tmp1-1 and T6tmp1-51 is termed tlrA and tlrC, respectively. When the growth medium is made 5x10-4 M for 5′-dTMP only strain T6tmp1-51 is severely inhibited in RNA and DNA synthesis. This inhibition is reversible after removal of excessive 5′-dTMP. The inhibitory characteristic is in marked contrast to “thymineless death” due to the lack of 5′-dTMP in strain T6tmp1-51 where only DNA synthesis stops while RNA synthesis continues. The inhibitory effect of 5x10-4 M 5′-dTMP is not due to the 5′-dTMP auxotrophy but to the thymidylate low requiring character (tlrC) in strain T6tmp1-51. The arrest of RNA and DNA synthesis by high concentrations of exogenous 5′-dTMP suggests a regulatory role of either the monoor triphosphate on nucleoside or nucleotide biosynthesis in yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269428
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News & Notes: Molecular Characterization of the xerC Gene of Lactobacillus leichmannii Encoding a Site-Specific Recombinase and Two Adjacent Heat Shock Genes (1996)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 32 (1996), S. 232-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Sequencing of four overlapping DNA fragments comprising 3.527 kb isolated from a L. leichmannii genomic library revealed three complete open reading frames (ORFs) and one that was truncated. The deduced amino acid sequences of the complete ORFs showed considerable similarities with the already known sequences of the xerC, hslV, and hslU gene products of Escherichia coli: the site-specific XerC recombinase, a member of the lambda integrase family, and the HtpI resp. HtpO heat shock proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of the fourth, incomplete ORF upstream the xerC gene showed strong homology with the gidA gene product of B. subtilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900042
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of a 5·6 kb fragment of chromosome II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals two new open reading frames next to CDC28 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome II sequence ; CDC28 ; SUR1 homolog ; putative surface protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The sequence of a 5653 bp DNA fragment of the right arm of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two unknown open reading frames (YBR1212 and YBR1213) next to gene CDC28. Gene disruption reveals both putative genes as non-essential. ORF YBR1212 encodes a predicted protein with 71% similarity and 65% identity (total polypeptide of 376 aa) with the 378 aa Sur1 protein of S. cerevisiae, while the putative product of ORF YBR1213, which is strongly expressed, has 28% identity with a Lactococcus lactis-secreted 45 kDa protein and 24% identity with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AGA1 gene product. The total sequence of the fragment has been submitted to the EMBL databank (accession number X80224).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110508
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