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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antidepressant rolipram suppresses cytokine production and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 1 (1995), S. 244-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF), lymphotoxin-α (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are of central pathogenetic importance. A therapy capable of stopping neurological ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0395-244
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peritumoural brain oedema in intracranial meningiomas: Influence of tumour size, location and histology (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 1136-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Meningioma ; brain oedema ; tumour margin ; tumour-brain interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peritumoural brain oedema was examined retrospectively in 175 patients with 179 intracranial meningiomas. The influence of tumour size, location and histology were investigated. Tumour volume and localization, and the presence of peritumoural brain oedema (PTBOe) were determined by computed tomography (CT). The oedema-tumour volume ratio was defined as Oedema Index (Oel). All patients underwent microsurgical removal of the tumour. Surgically resected meningiomas were classified histopathologically based on criteria of the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification. A close relationship was found between the tumour size and the incidence of peritumoural oedema: with increasing size of the tumour the incidence of oedema also rises, the oedema index, however decreases. Frontobasal and temporobasal meningiomas showed a significant increase in the oedema incidence and the mean oedema index. If major parts of the surface of meningiomas were adjacent to subarachnoid cisterns only a slight tendency for the development of oedema was observed. WHO-III-meningiomas showed a significantly higher oedema incidence (61.1% vs. 94.4%; p〈0.004) and mean oedema index (Oel=2.7 vs. 3.7; p〈0.0009) than WHO-I-meningiomas. Brain tissue was affected in 59 cases. 19 meningiomas with infiltration into adjacent brain parenchyma revealed a statistically significant increase in oedema incidence (94.7% vs. 51.7%; p〈0.0003) and mean oedema index (Oel=3.9 vs. Oel=2.2; p〈0.0001) when compared to tumours without any brain tissue involvement in the histopathological specimens. Tumours with large volume, fronto-temporo-basal location and anaplastic histology were not only associated with the highest incidence of oedema formation but also presented with an overproportionate infiltrative growth. Thus, a disruption of the arachnoid or a true brain infiltration may be an essential factor for the development of a PTBOe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410973
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of various histological techniques for the rapid diagnosis of brain tumours (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 35 (1976), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraoperative procedures for the rapid histological diagnosis of space occupying intracranial processes are required. These currently include three major techniques: 1. crush preparations; 2. frozen sections with prefixation, and 3. frozen sections without prefixation. We have compared these techniques, using identical tissue material. While frozen sections of samples subjected to rapid fixation produce the best specimens, crush preparations are preferred wherever a well equipped laboratory is not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405945
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corona virus induced subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats: A morphological analysis (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Corona virus ; Weanling rats ; Demyelination ; Immunofluorescence ; Electron microscopy ; Oligodendrocyte and Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty percent of weanling rats infected with JHM murine corona virus developed a subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis approximately 3 weeks after intracerebral inoculation. Small demyelinating foci were located in the deep cerebral white matter and large, sharply demarcated demyelinating lesions were detectable in optic chiasma, pons and spinal cord. Axons as well as neurons were well preserved in the demyelinating plaques in areas where the lesions extended to the gray matter. Perivascular cuffings, consisting of plasma cells and mononuclear cells, were frequently found. Viral antigen was found mostly in the white matter and in glial cells, leaving neurons unstained. Electron microscopic studies of the early lesions of white matter disclosed two different kinds of cell degeneration which developed prior to the myelin disruption and mononuclear cell infiltration. One was a small pyknotic cell, which is thought to be an oligodendrocyte and the other is a ballooned cell containing abundant microtubules. Virus particles could be demonstrated only in the latter cell type. Discussion about astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes was made in relation to the initial stage of demyelination caused by virus infection. This animal model may be useful in the analysis of the mechanisms leading to demyelination in subacute or chronic infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691641
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demyelinating encephalomyelitis induced by a long-term corona virus infection in rats (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Corona virus rats ; Late onset demyelination ; Remyelination ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary About 30% of weanling rats inoculated with JHM virus developed a subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (SDE) 3 weeks after inoculation (a.i.). From the remaining animals, 5% displayed overt neurological signs 3,6, and 8 months a.i. Animals with and without clinical signs 6–8 months a.i. were morphologically examined. Fresh demyelinating lesions could be demonstrated in paralyzed animals. Viral antigen was demonstrated and infectious JHM virus could be recovered from one animal which developed clinical signs at 3 months a.i. In one animal with clinical onset of 8 months a.i., completely remyelinated areas as well as recent demyelinating lesions were observed, suggesting a recurrence of the disease process. Remyelinated areas were also found in 40% of clinically silent animals. The morphology of the late onset of the demyelination was similar to that occurring in SDE. Remyelination consisted of both CNS and PNS-type. This animal model offers the possibility to investigate the virus-host relationship which is responsible for the induction of a demyelinating process after a long incubation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702672
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural findings after microsurgical interventions on the carotid artery of the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 35 (1976), S. 71-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For 10 years, it has been known that operations on vessels 1 mm in diameter are possible. The application of microvascular techniques to neurosurgery demands microscopic and ultrastructural examinations of the effects of such interventions on small vessels. Histological examinations can help to provide answers to questions concerning operating technique, ultrastructural examinations give information on the indications for operation. Since these questions have not been studied previously, preliminary examinations on easily accessible vessels are necessary. For this purpose, the common carotid artery of the rat was chosen. Histological and ultrastructural examinations were carried out on end-to-end anastomoses of these vessels. The ultrastructural findings are described and compared with anatomical findings in normal and abnormal vessels in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405935
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of glycogen phosphorylase in primary sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system of the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 103 (1995), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal localization was investigated of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system of the rat. Immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic procedures were applied with a monoclonal anti-bovine brain GP antibody on paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Immunoreactivity was only present in the somatic neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in the brain stem and in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), but not in the autonomic neurons of the superior cervical ganglia or in the sensory nuclei of the spinal cord. GP immunoreactivity was present as early as day 1 after birth. In the adult rat, staining was present in neurons of different sizes, and to varying intensities. No relationship was apparent between the staining intensities and morphologically distinguishable types of neurons. In DRG, the type of reactivity was the same from cervical to sacral ganglia. The selected occurrence of GP in specific neurons of the peripheral nervous system in contrast to the ubiquitous occurrence in all astrocytes of the central nervous system may indicate a different role of neuronal glycogen compared to astrocytic glycogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01464477
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sporadic bovine meningo-encephalitis-isolation of a paramyxovirus (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 48 (1975), S. 107-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolation of a viral agent (107) directly from brain explants of a 15-month-old heifer with symptoms of a sporadic encephalomyelitis is described. The virus shares properties with the paramyxovirus family. It grows in a variety of cell cultures from different species, and induces nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in infected cells. Nucleocapsids measuring 17 nm in diameter were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells when studied electron microscopically, thus indicating a close relationship of the agent to the measles-distemper-rinderpest group. No infectious virus was released from infected cells, although alignment of nucleocapsids was observed beneath the cell membrane, and no hemagglutinating activity could be detected with the methods employed. The 107 agent was compared serologically with parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2 and 3, simian virus 5, mumps and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), two bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and measles/subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, distemper and rinderpest viruses, always using 107 virus infected CV1 cells and antiserum of the different viruses in indirect FA tests. Positive FA reactions were observed only with two sera obtained from SSPE patients with high antibody titer to SSPE virus, and with one rabbit-anti-rinderpest serum. The titers of these sera to 107 virus, however, were significantly lower than those against homologous viruses. Five out of 9 sera from randomly selected healthy cattle showed antibody titers between 1:10 and 1:80 to 107 virus in FA tests. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to the epidemiology of SSPE in children and its possible implication with rinderpest in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318144
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