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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron diagnostics are applied to a deuterium plasma mixed with protons in the central cell of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror [Inutake et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 939 (1985)]. The deuterium ions are heated with a slow ion cyclotron wave tuned to the fundamental deuterium resonance near the mid-plane of the central cell while the plasma is sustained with the fundamental resonance heating of protons in the minimum-B anchor cells. The measurement is based on in situ calibration to determine the transmission efficiency through machine walls and the counting efficiency of the detection system for neutrons emitted from 252Cf with energy close to that in the deuterium–deuterium (D–D) fusion reaction. The observation shows that the count rate of neutrons increases with diamagnetism, and this relation is accounted for in terms of fusion reaction between deuterium ions with a transverse temperature exceeding 10 keV. Discrepancies among ion temperatures determined with different diagnostics are mostly attributed to insufficient knowledge of the profiles of plasma parameters. The results indicate that the neutron measurement can be added as a powerful diagnostic tool for hot ions if combined with more detailed profile measurements. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5413-5416 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new technique for measuring the twist elastic constant (K22) using an in-plane electrode structure was investigated. The variation in the temperature dependence of K22 with respect to the molecular structure of fluorinated phenylbicyclohexane (PBC) compounds was investigated. The experimental cell has in-plane electrodes between which the liquid crystal molecules are aligned to an offset angle of azimuthal direction. Using K22 as a fitting parameter, the transmittance–voltage curves for the calculated results are fitted to those for the experimental results. In addition, the investigation of the temperature dependence of K22 revealed that the PBC compound having a para-cyano substituent at the benzene ring exhibits larger splay elastic constant and larger temperature dependence. Finally, molecular association is discussed based on the experimental results. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Behavior of impurity ions has been investigated using visible spectroscopy in the GAMMA10 tandem mirror. A 40 channel visible spectrometer system has been developed for measurements of the ion temperature and ion flow velocity. The spectrometer consists of a 100 cm monochromator, a 40 channel optical fiber array and an image intensifier tube coupled with a charge coupled device TV camera. The spectra from low ionization states of oxygen and carbon are measured in ion cyclotron range of frequency heated plasmas. High ion temperatures (3–10 keV) of O4+ are observed in the anchor region, where the minimum B mirror field is produced by baseball coils. The O4+ ion is heated by the fourth harmonic frequency of O4+, which is most likely due to the cyclotron higher harmonic damping. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 52 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We evaluated the effects of clonidine given orally on sevoflurane requirements for anaesthesia and hypnosis. Patients received either clonidine (5 μg.kg−1) by mouth (n =21) 90 min before surgery or no premedication (n =21) by random allocation. MAC was calculated using repeated tetanic nerve stimulation with end-tidal sevoflurane concentration increased or decreased by 0.3 vol.% depending on the previous response. MAC awake was calculated according to the response to verbal command. The mean (SD) MAC in the clonidine-treated patients was 1.53 (0.20)% compared with 1.83 (0.15)% in the control group (p 〈0.001). Similarly, MAC awake was reduced in the clonidine group (0.50 (0.08)% compared with 0.60 (0.07)% in the control group) (p 〈0.001). We conclude that clonidine 5 μg.kg−1 orally administered pre-operatively reduces sevoflurane requirements for anaesthesia and hypnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Closed patch testing and the nitrocellulose replica method are performed as useful clinical methods for the evaluation of human skin irritation by cosmetics and topical medicaments. Comparison of the sensitivity between microscopic scoring by nitrocellulose-replica method and visual scoring by closed patch test in the detection of skin irritation, however, has not been well studied with statistical analysis. Here, we evaluated human skin irritation by carboxylic acids. Alcohols, esters and aldehydes, with different chain length (C8-C18), using both methods. The results of closed patch testing showed that, although the score of skin irritation for carboxylic acids (C8, C12), alcohols (C8) and aldehydes (C8), tested at a concentration of 0.5 m-2.0 m. significantly increased with increasing concentration of the test compounds, ester compounds scarcely caused any irritation on the surface of the skin occluded. In addition, an increase of carbon chain length in the test compounds made it impossible to detect skin irritation. In contrast, the nitrocellulose-replica method could evaluate skin reactions against very weak irritants that gave no macroscopic alterations on the skin surface in the closed patch test. However, the scoring system is somewhat subjective and should be improved to make the analysis more objective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. To investigate the effect of endogenous cholesterol synthesis on blood pressure and vascular response, a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, pravastatin (1 or 10 mg/kg) was administered orally for 2 or 4 weeks to 8–13 week old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/Izm) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY/Izm) rats.2. Blood pressure was significantly increased in the pravastatin-treated groups of both strains, but the elevation was observed in WKY after a longer treatment than in SHR.3. After the thoracic aorta from 10–12 week old SHR and WKY was pretreated with pravastatin (10-4 mol/L), the vascular response to norepinephrine was increased in pravastatin-treated SHR aorta but not in the WKY aorta in both contractivity and sensitivity.4. These experiments suggest that the vascular response is affected by intracellular cholesterol synthesis pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Asia Pty. Ltd.
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Linkage analysis is performed between basal or salt- sensitive high blood pressure and several loci on chromosomes in F2 progenies obtained from crossing stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats.2. Basal hypertensive genes are mapped to a region near the D1Mit2 locus on chromosome 1 and near the D3Mgh8 locus on chromosome 3 in the male and female F2 progenies.3. Salt-sensitive hypertensive gene is mapped to a region near RR1023 locus on chromosome 10 in the male F2 progenies.4. Salt-sensitive hypertensive gene is mapped to a region near D3Mgh12 locus on chromosome 3 in the female F2 progenies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 222-224 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2023
    Keywords: recurrent arteries ; extraosseous vascularity ; three-dimensional analysis of arteriographs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There have been a few studies of the arterial anatomy of the human carpus and several studies have been made of the arterial arches and recurrent arteries in the carpal region. However, further investigation is required. We describe here the results of a study of the vascular anatomy of arterioles, 60 μm in minimum diameter, among the extraosseous vessels in 183 human hands. The study was performed by investigating stereoscopic arteriographs. Six arterial arches and six recurrent arteries were investigated. We compared the frequencies of carpal feeding arteries of Japanese with those of Americans (the Americans being of white, oriental, and black origin), and studied the differences from an anatomical standpoint. It has been reported that in Americans, there are only two recurrent arteries on the palmar side, in the ulnar and radial positions, and that the frequencies cannot be compared with those found in other studies, because of differences in methodology. However, we believe that, irrespective of the differences in methodology in the studies reviewed and in our study, it can be assumed that Japanese have a higher frequency of recurrent arteries than Americans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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