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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot electron transport in SiO2 probed with a scanning tunnel microscope (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 730-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hot electrons injected with a scanning tunnel microscope (STM) tip into Pt/SiO2/Si(100) structures were detected as a collector current in the Si by using a STM configuration known as ballistic electron emission microscopy. The collector current, observed for STM tip potentials (approximately-greater-than)4 V and for oxide biases ≥0 V, is direct evidence for electron transmission through the conduction band of the SiO2. Negative oxide biases delayed the onset of current to correspondingly higher tip potentials. A simple model was used to extract the energy and bias dependent transmission probabilities from the experimental data for a 62 A(ring) SiO2 layer. The results are compared with Monte Carlo calculations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p+ doping of Si by Al diffusion upon annealing Al/n-Si(111)7×7 (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3010-3012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel method for the formation of a p+-layer underneath a Si(111)7×7 surface is presented. It is based on annealing of an epitaxial Al/n-Si(111) interface up to complete desorption of the Al film. This leads to a strong potential variation within the substrate, as observed in Si-2p core-level photoemission spectra with variable sampling depth, while scanning-tunneling microscopy reveals an unchanged 7×7 reconstructed surface. These observations are consistent with a p+ doping of (4±2)×1018/cm3 and a lowering of the surface Fermi level by (0.06±0.02) eV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114260
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kerr-rotation imaging in scanning near-field optical microscopy using a modified Sagnac interferometer (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 538-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A scanning near-field optical microscope is combined with a modified Sagnac interferometer to generate high-resolution magnetic contrast images of a magneto-optical disk (MOD) in reflection. The interferometer acts as a magnetic sensor to determine the Kerr rotation of reflected circularly polarized light. A separate shear-force sample topography is obtained simultaneously with the optical. This technique allows successful magnetic imaging of samples with complicated surface topographies, as demonstrated with the MOD. For these initial measurements, the resolution with nonmetal-coated fiber tips is 300 nm, and the magnetic phase sensitivity is 1 mrad. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121925
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of occupational skin diseases during vocational training in baker and confectioner apprentices: a follow-up study (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Baker and confectioner apprentices have been included in a prospective follow-up study in the region of East Thuringia, to evaluate risk factors for the development of hand dermatitis. Starting in August 1996, the apprentices have been interviewed and examined in a standardized way right at the beginning (n=91) of their vocational training, 6 (n=79) and 12 months (n=63) later. To gain objective data, TEWL score was also assessed at 3 standardized sites on the hands. In their case histories, 3.3% (n=3) of the apprentices reported hand dermatitis. The 1st assessment after 2 to 4 weeks vocational training revealed hand eczema in 17.5% (n=16) of the individuals. At the follow-up after 6 months of training 29.1% (n=23), and after 12 month of training 27.0% (n=17), of the apprentices had hand dermatitis of mild to moderate severity. Within 6 months, the TEWL score rose significantly (p〈0.001) from 11.9 g m−2 h−1 (± 5.4) to 16.8 g m−2 h−1 (± 9.5). After 12 months, the TEWL score was 14.9 g m−2 h−1 (± 4.6). For the atopic skin diathesis (〉 10 points of Diepgen's atopy score), there was a significant tendency to be a predictive factor for the development of occupational hand dermatitis. TEWL score failed to correlate with the development of skin damage in our study. The same was true for respiratory atopy and metal sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05946.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and magnetization changes upon annealing of Fe/Cu(100): An in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-optical Kerr effect study (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 482-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Morphology changes and irreversible reorientation of the easy magnetization axis upon annealing of thin epitaxial fcc-iron films grown at 100 K on Cu(100) were studied in situ with scanning tunneling microscopy and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. An irreversible spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane is observed for 6 monolayers thick iron films annealed to 350 K. This change in magnetic anisotropy is accompanied by considerable smoothing of the iron film surface. Annealing to higher temperatures leads to a strong increase of the coercive field by up to a factor of 6. The surfaces of these films are atomically flat and display some scattered needle-like protrusions and dislocation lines. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365581
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral rush desensitization to milk (1999)
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00228.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denture-induced local and systemic reactions to acrylate (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03965.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaphylaxis due to Monascus purpureus-fermented rice (red yeast rice) (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00374.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß der Wärmeleitung zur Kathode im elektrischen Feldbogen (1967)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 199 (1967), S. 558-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For various cathode metalsKesaev has measured the arc lifetime as a function of current. RecentlyKingdon, assuming the field emission theory could not explain these experiments, suggested that the secondary electron emission produced by positive ions through a diffusion-controlled neutralization process determines the cathode mechanism. In this paper another assumption is made, based on the field emission theory: the cathode needs a minimal energy-supply for evaporation in order to maintain a higher vapourpressure and ion density near the cathode. For the mercury cathode this assumption seems to be valid. The temperature of the cathode spot and the voltage drop in front of it, for Bi, Pb, Zn, Tl, Cd, In, Sn, Cu, is not yet exactly known. Therefore the validity of the assumption made, concerning these materials can only be proved qualitatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01326373
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Theorie des Kathodenfalls in Lichtbögen (1954)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 138 (1954), S. 35-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während ein kathodischer Elektronenstromanteil von rund 80% sowohl bei dem thermischen Bogen, dessen kathodische Stromdichte unterj=104 Amp/cm2 liegt, als auch bei dem reinen Feldbogen mitj 〉 106 Amp/cm2 am wahrscheinlichsten ist, war bisher bei den Bögen mit grob umrissen 104〈j 〈 106 Amp/cm2 ein nennenswerter Elektronenstrom nicht zu erklären. Er muß jedoch aus verschiedenen Gründen auch hier gefordert werden. Die bisher bei Betrachtungen über Bogenkathoden vernachlässigteSchottkysche √E — Korrektur verursacht bei den auftretenden Feldstärken eine solche Erhöhung der Emission, daß sich ein überwiegender Elektronenstrom auch im Bereich 104 bis 106 Amp/cm2 ergibt. In qualitativer Übereinstimmung mit der Beobachtung erhält man aus den entwickelten Vorstellungen eine zwanglose Erklärung für alle Übergangsstadien vom Bogen mit überwiegend thermischer Emission zum Bogen mit überwiegender Feldemission. Ebenso ist der Umschlag vom Brennfleckbogen in den brennflecklosen Bogen zu erklären. Das Maß der Kontraktion wird bei allen Bogentypen durch die Forderung nach überwiegendem Elektronenstromanteil bedingt. Der kleine Kathodenfall kann bei allen Bögen auf das Vorherrschen der ökonomischen Thermo- und Feldemission zurückgeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01365533
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