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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 972-975 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypoton-hyporesponsive Episode ; Impfung ; Unerwünschtes Ereignis ; Azelluläre Pertussisvakzine ; Key words Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode ; Immunization ; Adverse event ; Acellular pertussis vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes are rare side effects which may occur in infants within a few hours after immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-toxoid (DT) or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. The patients appear in a shock-like condition, become pale, limp and unresponsive. This condition lasts for minutes to hours before the infants appear normal again. No sequelae have been reported. The etiology of this phenomenon is unknown. Case: A healthy 5 month old boy experienced a first hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode 3 hours after having received his second DTP(acellular)-Hib combined immunization along with a second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. One month later he received a third dose of the same DTPa-Hib vaccine and oral Polio and again a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode occurred. The boy’s further development was normal, no sequelae have been observed. Discussion: The purpose of our report is to remind physicians of the rare possibility of a shock-like reaction after DT- or DTP immunization in infancy, which has also been observed in association with the use of the new acellular pertussis component vaccines – although less frequently than after conventional whole cell pertussis component vaccines. Furthermore, this is to our best knowledge the first report of a recurrent hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode and it suggests a predisposition for this reaction in our patient.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Hypoton-hyporesponsive Episoden treten als seltene Begleiterscheinung binnen weniger Stunden nach Diphtherie-Tetanus- (DT-) oder Diphtherie-Tetanus-Pertussis-Impfung (DPT-Impfungen) im Säuglingsalter auf. Sie sind durch einen schockartigen Zustand mit Blässe der Haut, reduziertem Muskeltonus und Apathie gekennzeichnet, der Minuten bis Stunden anhält, ehe eine plötzliche Normalisierung mit Restitutio ad integrum eintritt. Die Ursache ist ungeklärt. Fall: Ein unauffällig entwickelter männlicher Säugling zeigte im Alter von 5 Monaten nach der 2. DTPa-Hib-Kombinationsimpfung (mit azellulärer Pertussiskomponente) eine erste hypoton-hyporesponsive Episode. Bei der 3. DTPa-Hib-Immunisierung 1 Monat später kam es erneut zu einer hypoton-hyporesposiven Episode. Beide Episoden blieben ohne Folge, der Junge entwickelte sich weiterhin völlig normal. Diskussion: Unsere Mitteilung soll an die seltene Begleiterscheinung einer schockähnlichen Reaktion nach DT- bzw. DPT-Impfung im Säuglingsalter erinnern. Sie wird auch bei den neuen, sehr gut verträglichen azellulären Pertussisvakzinen beobachtet, wenn auch offenbar seltener als nach DPT-Impfung mit den herkömmlichen Ganzkeimvakzinen. Das hier erstmals berichtete wiederholte Auftreten einer solchen Reaktion läßt bei unserem Patienten an eine individuelle Disposition denken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An undergraduate instrumental analysis laboratory exercise is presented for the characterization of light emission generated using electrochemiluminescence (ECL). ECL involves the electrochemical generation of excited states and as such is a sensitive probe of electrochemical, electron-transfer and energy-transfer processes at electrified interfaces. An objective of this experiment is to have students develop an understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting ECL. Also, this exercise gives students experience in coupling two powerful analytical techniques: electrochemistry and spectroscopy. With the recent development of ECL technology for use in clinical diagnostics applications, this exercise also facilitates discussions on the importance of basic research and the practical aspects of taking a technology from the bench top to commercial reality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Vespula, Polistes, Vespidae, foraging, resource choice.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The role of visual cues provided by resident wasps on resource choice by yellowjacket and paper wasp foragers was investigated. Large spring queen yellowjackets and small early season yellowjacket foragers (Vespula germanica, Vespula maculifrons, and Vespula vidua) were extracted in hexane to remove odors and posed as though feeding at petri dish feeders bearing daisy-like flower models, equipped with microcapillary feeding tubes, and containing 1:3 honey:water solution. An array of five feeders was presented to foragers at a suburban and a woodland site in Saratoga Springs, New York. The visual cues provided by resident wasps influenced resource choice by approaching social wasp foragers. Vespula germanica, an introduced yellowjacket species that tends to dominate at rich resources, was the only wasp visiting the suburban feeders. Foragers of this species preferentially fed on feeders and flowers with posed wasps and fed most often next to large wasps. Polistes fuscatus foragers at the woodland site similarly preferred to feed on occupied feeders and flowers. Vespula maculifrons and V. consobrina preferentially visited unoccupied feeders. Individual V. maculifrons, V. consobrina and V. vidua foragers that landed on occupied feeders all preferentially visited unoccupied flowers on those feeders. Vespula vidua and V. flavopilosa foragers did not demonstrate a feeder preference based on the presence/absence of posed wasps. Vespula consobrina foragers that visited occupied feeders preferred those occupied by extracted V. maculifrons queens and workers; no other wasps showed species based landing preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0949-2925
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Rat striatum ; Medium spiny neuron ; Adenosine AZA receptor ; NMDA receptor channel ; Whole-cell patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Whole-cell patch clamp experiments were carried out in rat striatal brain slices. In a subset of striatal neurons (70–80%), NMDA-induced inward currents were inhibited by the adenosine AZA receptor selective agonist CGS 21680. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)-theophylline and the AZA receptor selective antagonist 8-(3chlorostyryl) caffeine abolished the inhibitory action of CGS 21680. Intracellular GDP-β-S, which is known to prevent G protein-mediated reactions, also eliminated the effect of CGS 21680. Extracellular dibutyryl cAMP, a membrane permeable analogue of cAMP, and intracellular Sp-cAMPS, an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA), both abolished the CGS 21680-induced inhibition. By contrast, Rp-cAMPS and PKI 14–24 amide, two inhibitors of PKA had no effect. Intracellular U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor) and heparin (an inositoltriphosphate antagonist) prevented the effect of CGS 21680. Finally, a more efficient buffering of intracellular Ca2+ by a substitution of EGTA (11 mM) by BAPTA (5.5 mM) acted like U-73122 or heparin. Hence, AZA receptors appear to negatively modulate NMDA receptor channel conductance via the phospholipase C/inositoltriphosphate/Ca2+ pathway rather than the adenylate cyclase/PKA pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The biocompatibility and osseous integration of a new composite material made of polyurethane and a calcium silicophosphate ceramic was investigated in a loaded implant model in sheep and compared to that of commercially pure titanium. Six months after implantation, interfacial shear strength was higher between the titanium and bone than between the composite and bone. After 2 years, however, the shear strength was significantly higher in the composite group. Histologically, both implants were surrounded by bone and fibrous tissue and there were no signs of inflammation. Direct contact of bone on the composite surface increased significantly with time, whereas there was no time-dependent increase of bone contact on titanium. It can be concluded that the biocompatibility and osseous integration of the composite was very good in the loaded implant model used. It is therefore suggested that the new composite is a promising biomaterial for orthopaedic implants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing capacity of proximal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures following primary repair with and without a bioresorbable augmentation. The ACL was transected at the femoral origin in the right knee joint of 24 sheep. The ACL was repaired in eight sheep (group B) without, and in eight sheep (group C) with a bioresorbable augmentation. Eight sheep without repair served as a control (group A). No immobilization was performed in any group. The sheep were sacrificed 13 weeks post-operatively. Macroscopically, all repaired ACLs were healed. The augmentation device was broken in all cases, but not completely degraded. In group A, none of the transected ACLs had healed. The anterior drawer under a load of 50 N was significantly lower in group C than in group A (p〈0.01). No significant difference was seen between groups B and A. The distribution and extent of chondromalacia (CM) in the operated knees depended on the type of operative treatment (p〈0.01). Groups A and B showed significantly more CM in the operated knee than in the non-operated knee (each p〈0.05). Proximal ACL ruptures can heal in sheep after both non-augmented and augmented ACL repair with free-functional rehabilitation. However, augmented repair leads to significantly better stability of the knee joint compared to transected controls and better limits the development of degenerative changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 222 (1966), S. 381-388 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die quantitative Bestimmung der beiden Stärkekomponenten beruht auf der Beobachtung, da\ die Jodsorption von Amylose schon bei einer Konzentration an freiem Jod [Jf] von etwa 5 · 10−5 n beendet ist, während das Amylopektin erst bei höheren [Jf]-Werten merkliche Mengen davon binden kann. Der genaue Endpunkt der Jodaufnahme von Amylose wird durch photometrische Titration bei 625 nm mit 0,005 n Jodlösung in An- und Abwesenheit einer bekannten Amylosemenge bestimmt. Aus dem Unterschied der Extinktionen vor Beginn der Reaktion des Amylopektins mit Jod wird die Amylosekonzentration des untersuchten Präparates berechnet. Für die Analyse werden je nach dem Amylosegehalt nicht mehr als 1–10 mg Probe/100 ml benötigt. Fehler der Extinktionsbestimmung: ±2–3%.
    Notes: Summary The quantitative determination of starch components is based on the observation that the uptake of iodine by amylose is complete at about 5 · 10−5 n free iodine concentration (under the conditions of the present investigations) while the amylopectin can bind iodine only at a higher free iodine concentration. The exact end-point of the iodine uptake by amylose has been determined by photometric titration at 625 nm with 0.005 n iodine solution before and after adding of a known amount of amylose to the investigated starch solution. The original amylose content has been calculated on the basis of the difference between the extinction values measured in absence and in presence of the extra-added amylose. The extinction values were determined before the beginning of the amylopectiniodine reaction. For such a determination a 1–10 mg sample is sufficient; the error of the extinction measurement is not higher than ±2–3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Odontoid fracture ; Non union ; Pseudarthrosis ; Transarticular screw fixation ; Os odontoideum. ; Schlüsselwörter: Densfraktur ; Pseudarthrose ; operative Behandlung ; konservative Behandlung ; transartikuläre Verschraubung C1/C2 ; Os odontoideum.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Die überwiegende Mehrzahl aller Denspseudarthrosen liegt eine vorausgegangene Verletzung zugrunde. Bei dem am häufigsten vorkommende Frakturtyp II mit einem Bruchverlauf im Bereich der Densbasis entsteht auf Grund besonderer anatomischer Bedingungen auch besonders oft ein Falschgelenk. Entscheidende Mechanismen bei seiner Entstehung sind eine ungenügende innere oder äußere Ruhigstellung des Bruchs sowie ein persistierender Frakturspalt. Methoden und Ergebnisse: Bei einer eigenen Nachuntersuchung von 71 Patienten nach operativer Stabilisierung einer Densfraktur mit 2 Schrauben fanden wir 8mal eine Pseudarthrose. Bei 3 Patienten hatte der Abstand zwischen Unfall und Operation mehr als 5 Wochen betragen, 7mal war es nicht gelungen, den Frakturspalt ausreichend anzunähern. Technische Fehler wie eine ungenügende Reposition (n = 1) sowie Schraubenfehllagen (n = 3) waren weitere Ursachen. Ein Os odontoideum muß nach entsprechenden Berichten im Schrifttum und eigenen Erfahrungen bei einem großen Teil der Patienten als Pseudarthrose nach einer Verletzungen der Synchondrose im Kindesalter angesehen werden. Die wichtigste diagnostische Maßnahme bei Denspseudarthrosen stellt eine Funktionsuntersuchung der oberen HWS in maximaler Flexion und Extension dar. Wir schlagen eine Einteilung posttraumatischer Denspseudarthrosen in 4 Typen vor: Typ I entspricht einer straffen „Pseudarthrose“ in weitgehend anatomischer Stellung des Dens axis und ohne Zeichen der Instabilität im ehemaligen Frakturbereich. Typ II beschreibt eine stark verschobene Pseudarthrose, die sich nicht ohne weiteres reponieren läßt, Typ III eine instabile Pseudarthrose und Typ IV ein posttraumatisches Os odontoideum. Schlußfolgerungen: Therapieempfehlungen müssen bei Denspseudarthrosen entsprechend differenziert gegeben werden. Instabile Denspseudarthrosen (Funktionsaufnahmen) verursachen fast immer deutliche Beschwerden und bedürfen wegen der immer wieder beschriebenen Gefahr einer akuten oder chronischen Myelopathie – ebenso wie Ossa odontoidea – der operativen Stabilisierung. Bei erheblich dislozierten Pseudarthrosen sollte zunächst ein geschlossener Repositionsversuch unternommen werden. Operationsmethode der Wahl ist die dorsale transarticuläre Verschraubung und Fusion C1/C2, möglichst in percutaner Technik. Straffe, „stabile“ Denspseudarthrosen im Sinne eines persistierenden Frakturspalts bei beschwerdefreien Patienten sollten anfangs röntgenologisch kontrolliert; bleibt die Stellung des Dens unverändert, kann weiter konservativ behandelt werden.
    Notes: Summary. Introduction: Injuries precede the vast majority of all odontoid pseudarthroses. Because of specific anatomic conditions type II injuries lead more often than other types to non unions. For its development insufficient internal or external fixation and a persisting fracture gap are crucial. Methods and results: In 71 patients after operative stabilization of odontoid fractures with two anterior lag-screws we detected 8 non unions. In 3 patients the interval between accident and operation amounted to more than 5 weeks, seven times we did not succeed in closing the fracture gap. Technical mistakes like insufficient reduction (n = 1) or screw misplacement (n = 3) were additional reasons. According to the literature and own observations an os odontoideum must be considered in most instances as a pseudarthrosis after a lesion of the subdental synchondrosis in childhood. The most important diagnostic tool in odontoid non unions is a dynamic examination of the upper cervical spine under fluoroscopic control in maximum flexion and extension. We propose a classification of posttraumatic dens non unions into 4 types. Type I corresponds to a stable „non union“ in approximate anatomical position of the dens and without signs of instability in the former fracture zone. Typ II describes a relatively stable grossly displaced non union that is not to be reduced by simple, closed means. Typ III means an unstable non union and Typ IV a posttraumatic os odontoideum. Conclusions: Therapeutical recommendations need to be differentiated. Unstable non unions are most often responsible for persistent pain, may result in acute or chronic myelopathie and therefore – as well as ossa odontoidea – need operative fixation. In considerably displaced non unions a closed reduction manoeuver with long term traction should be tried. The operative treatment of choice is the posterior transarticular screw fixation C1/C2 desirably in a percutaneous technique. Tight, “stable” pseudarthroses in the sense of a persisting fracture gap in painfree patients should first be controlled radiologically. If the odontoid position remains unchanged, non operative treatment may be continued.
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