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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal excretion of endothelin in children (1997)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Endothelin ; Urine ; Receptors ; Synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Endothelin (ET) is a peptide with profound vasoconstrictive potential. First isolated from porcine endothelial cell supernatant, it is produced also by smooth muscle, epithelial and circulating cells. Besides vasoconstriction, a wide spectrum of biological activities of ET (via activation of membrane receptors) has been described. These include regulation of other hormones and neurotransmitters, cellular growth and proliferation, bronchoconstriction, and, in the kidney, natriuresis and water diuresis. ET exerts its effects mainly in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. A high concentration of ET is found in urine, compared with plasma originating mainly from the kidney itself. In this review we focus on the role of urinary excretion of ET in children. ET excretion was determined under different physiological and pathological conditions. In premature infants and newborns, the daily excretion of ET (corrected for body surface) was higher than in older children; it was constant, and comparable to the values in healthy adults after the age of 2 years. Renal ET excretion correlated positively with urine flow in both healthy and sick children. Conditions with tubular and/or collecting duct cell damage, such as severe hypoxia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, renal transplantation, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and contrast media cytotoxicity were characterized by elevated urinary excretion of ET. In conclusion, the renal excretion of ET is influenced by several factors, probably reflecting the intrarenal ET production. ET has a low specificity with regard to renal injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050331
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in patients with end-stage renal failure on haemodialysis: a comparison with healthy volunteers (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words End-stage renal failure ; Meloxicam; haemo- dialysis ; pharmacokinetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam have been studied following administration of a single 15-mg capsule to 12 patients with end-stage renal failure. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after haemodialysis. The pharmacokinetic profile obtained in these patients is compared to data obtained from age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Results: Total plasma meloxicam concentrations were lower in patients with end-stage renal failure (AUC0–∞12.6 μg ⋅ h ⋅ ml−1) in comparison with healthy volunteers (AUC0–∞39.3 μg ⋅ h ⋅ ml−1). This was reflected by an increase in total clearance (+211%). However, there was an enhanced free meloxicam fraction (unbound drug) in the end-stage renal failure patients (0.9% vs. 0.3% in healthy volunteers). This was observed in association with raised free Cmax (5.0 vs. 2.6 ng/ml) but similar free AUC0–∞(0.13 vs. 0.11 μg ⋅ h ⋅ ml−1) in both groups. Therefore, the raised free fraction is compensated for by the increased total clearance such that no accumulation of meloxicam occurs. Meloxicam plasma concentrations were similar before and after haemo- dialysis. Conclusion: Meloxicam has displayed a pharmacokinetic profile in end-stage renal failure which is similar to that observed for other highly protein bound non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, in view of the higher free Cmax value, and despite no evidence of accumulation, it may be prudent to treat this group of patients with a 7.5-mg dose of meloxicam. This is the lower dose normally recommended for adults. Meloxicam is not dialysable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050203
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lake optics and depth limits for photogenesis and photosynthesis in charophyte meadows (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 302 (1995), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: boundary control ; Photogenesis control ; Nitella ; charophyte ; light regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two series of lakes with increasing attenuation were examined for trends in spectral composition. They became the basis for an evaluation of the light environment at the lower boundary (LB) of Nitella meadows in three other series of lakes. Increased attenuation (K d PAR) was marked by progressive erosion of the ‘blue window’ and caused primarily by humic substances. An increase in K d PAR from 0.06 to 0.81 produced, at the floor of the euphotic zone, a shift in K d min from 440 to 580 nm. Regressions of boundary depths of Nitella meadows on water clarity produced similar slope coefficients for the three series of lakes. Several trends became evident: 1, PAR irradiance at the LB increases with depth of the LB; 2, red light (E d 660) declines from richness at shallow LB to near extinction in deep water LB in clear lakes; while 3, blue light (K d 450) increases to an asymptote. Blue light appears to substitute, although less effectively, for red light irradiance in the growth regulation of charophytes. These data support an hypothesis that spectral quality is involved in the determination of lower boundary depths for benthic macro-algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006395
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical research in surgery: questions but few answers (1998)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 300-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Basic clinical research in surgery ; Full time research ; Evidence-based surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Surgeons must be prepared to be questioned about their understanding, activities, and achievements in basic and clinical research in terms of structural, organizational, and financial support of surgical research. Results: Clinical research today comprises basic research related to accumulation of knowledge about biological systems, disease-related research including experimental research with animals, and in vitro research with biological material and clinical studies with the strongest empirical basis in data derived from controlled clinical trials. Most clinical methods related to diagnosis and treatment have been introduced into the practice of everyday medicine even in university hospitals without passing a prospective evaluation protocol. To test the efficacy of a new drug or a newly developed surgical technique, the controlled prospective clinical trial is the best method; however, fewer than 50% of clinical questions can be answered by controlled clinical studies. In Germany the frequency of controlled clinical trials for answering clinical questions is presently low; this is particularly true for surgery, in comparison with other countries. The concept of evidence-based medicine is based on the principles of data generation from controlled trials and meta-analyses of those studies. Best-evidence synthesis means a reasonable synthesis of evident knowledge, experience and intuition. The challenge of professionalization of clinical research in surgery is linked to the establishment of full time positions for basic scientists and clinical researchers and the establishment of clinical research teams and of research professorships including basic scientists in surgical departments. Conclusion: Clinical research can be effective only if there is good cooperation between clinicians and basic scientists, if high grade scientific methods are established in clinical research institutions, if there is sufficient financial and personal supply, and if there are enough laboratories and animal operating facilities. There is an urgent need for structures integrating basic scientists in clinical research groups, for more interdisciplinary research projects and more multidisciplinary research, independent of clinical care in terms of manpower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004230050137
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric substitute after total gastrectomy – clinical relevance for reconstruction techniques (1998)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Gastric carcinoma ; Total gastrectomy ; Duodenal passage ; Pouch reconstruction ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: More than 60 different methods of reconstruction after total gastrectomy have been described. The different surgical procedures can be reduced essentially to pouch reconstruction, pouch size and maintenance of duodenal passage. Methods: To clarify the importance of pouch reconstruction and maintenance of duodenal passage, we reviewed all controlled prospectively randomized clinical studies reporting on the various methods of reconstruction after gastrectomy. Results: After reconstruction with a pouch, 6-month postoperative patients have a better food intake, a slower food passage (t50% 12 vs 25 min), fewer postprandial symptoms (4–10% vs 20–60%), less weight loss (7 vs 14kg), and in tendency, they have a better quality of life. With maintenance of duodenal passage, disturbance of blood sugar regulation (stimulated glucose level 22% lower) and iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin: 13.9 vs 12.5 g/dl; iron: 18.4 vs 10.2 μmol/l) are prevented. In addition, the patients lose less body weight (8% higher) and they tend to have a better quality of life (life quality score: 84 vs 76 points). Nevertheless, in several studies the number of patients is too small to demonstrate significant differences. Conclusions: After total gastrectomy, curatively operated patients might benefit from a reconstruction with pouch and maintenance of duodenal passage. Nevertheless, the present study results are partially divergent. For definitive demonstration of the superiority of this technique, further controlled longitudinal studies should be conducted with a larger number of cases and suitable instruments for assessing the quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004230050165
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research and research impact of a technical university—A bibliometric study (1998)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 41 (1998), S. 371-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The research output of the Danish Technical University (DTUa) has been studied as an aspect of the organization's research policy and visibility in its international context. Papers published in the three-year period (1992–94) were grouped according to 20 clusters of research areas. Using citation analysis techniques, the dynamics of citation frequencies, and a number of other features of the research system, like self-citation, research collaborations, relative impact on the international literature, etc., could be studied. The methods can be used to analyze institutional and national research efforts and to monitor effects of changing policies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459052
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of miller indices of side faces of small crystallites from scanning force microscopy angle measurementsDedicated to Professor K. Dransfeld on the occasion of his emeritation. (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The calculation of Miller indices from out-of-plane angle measurements with scanning force microscopy (SFM) is demonstrated on three different systems: rutile on haematite, rutile on sapphire and haematite on sapphire. The height of the investigated crystallites ranges from several millimetres (rutile on haematite) down to 〈10 nm (haematite on sapphire). General issues of goniometry by means of SFM, such as the influence of the scanner calibration, the adjustment of the feedback loop on the error involved in out-of-plane angle measurements and the limitation of SFM goniometry due to tip geometry, are discussed and a comparison with other methods are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740230613
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