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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative in vitro cytotoxic effects of taxol and its major human metabolite 6α-hydroxytaxol (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 36 (1995), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Taxol ; 6α-Hydroxytaxol ; HL-60 cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Taxol is metabolized by the liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme system into its principal metabolite 6α-hydroxytaxol (6HT). In the present in vitro studies 6HT was compared to taxol with respect to its effects on tubulin depolymerization, mitotic arrest, clonogenic survival and apoptosis in HL-60 cells. 6HT was generated by incubating taxol with human liver microsomes in a NADPH-generating system. HL-60 cells were incubated for 24 h with either taxol or 6HT, washed and placed in drug-free suspension or cultured for colony growth in agarose. For the suspension and colony culture growth of the cells, the IC50 concentrations of 6HT were 500±46 and 350±37 nM, while those of taxol were 3.2±0.2 and 2.8±0.5 nM, respectively. Immediately after a 24-h exposure of HL-60 cells to 50 nM taxol, electrophoresis of genomic DNA from HL-60 cells revealed an internucleosomal DNA fragmentation ′ladder′. In addition, 39% of the cells were arrested in mitosis and 16% showed the morphologic features of apoptosis. In contrast, an identical treatment with 6HT resulted in the mitotic arrest of only 2.8% of the cells, with 4.0% displaying apoptosis (P〈0.01); internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was not observed. 6HT was also significantly less effective than taxol in inhibiting the temperature-induced depolymerization of microtubules in a cell-free system. However, at equipotent concentrations, the effect of 6HT on tubulin depolymerization, mitotic arrest or apoptosis was similar to that of taxol. In addition, at concentrations of taxol or 6HT at or below their IC50, there was little tubulin depolymerization, mitotic arrest or apoptosis. The results presented here show that the biotransformation of taxol to 6HT substantially detoxifies taxol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689197
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcrystalline growth of thermoplastics and LCPs during isothermal crystallization (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 981-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two technical methods were developed for transcrystalline growth in order to create perfect transcrystalline growth for both thermoplastics and liquid crystalline polymers. A principle was suggested for oriented crystallization that the nucleation is created with high density along a one-dimensional or on a two-dimensional unit, while the nucleation in the matrix is suppressed. The steric hindrance was a key factor to create the transcrystalline growth in isothermal crystallization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550702
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The compatibility of the blends of PUs with PVC and the adhesion behavior of PU to PVC (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1371-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three series of polyurethane adhesives - polyethyleneadipateurethane (PEAU), polybuthyleneadipateurethane (PBAU), and polyhexyleneadipateurethane (PHAU) - with the same MW and hard/soft segment ratio, based on the three polyesters polyethyleneadipate (PEA), polybuthyleneadipate (PBA), polyhexyleneadipate (PHA), with 4,4′-diphnylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and butendiol were synthesized by solution polymerization. The crystallinity of these polyesters and polyurethanes (PUs) and the compatibility of blends of PUs with PVC were studied by means of wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), testing of solubility, and phase contrast microscopy. The results indicated that PBAU/PVC and PHAU/PVC were compatible systems, but PEAU/PVC was incompatible. The adhesive strengths of the three adhesives were quite different from one another, in the order of PBAU ≥ PHAU ≫ PEAU. The influences of crystallinity and compatibility on adhesion were discussed, and the Diffusion Theory for PU-PVC systems was recommended. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561101
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the conductivity of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium by the complexation of poly(ethylene oxide) (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: complexation ; sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; conductivity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present paper, the structure and conductivity for the complex of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium (SPPOLi) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) were studied. Glass transition temperature change determined by differential scanning calorimeter analysis desmonstrated that the two components had some compatibility. X-ray diffraction showed that PEG could decrease the regularity of SPPOLi to some extent. The compatibility and PEG's effect on the regularity may be due to the interaction between the lithium ions of SPPOLi and the oxygen atoms of PEG. Under polarization by electric field, the bands between lithium ions and sulfonation groups relaxed. Meanwhile, the complexation of oxygen atoms could enhance the dissociation of the polymeric lithium salts. Then lithium ions were transported in the process of alternate complexing and decomplexing. The action between lithium ions and oxygen atoms could explain the improvement on the conductivity of SPPOLi.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cholesteric order on mechanical properties of (E-CE)C/PAA composites (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ethyl-cyanoethyl cellulose [(E-CE)C]/poly(acrylic acid) [PAA] composites were prepared via in situ photopolymerization of the (E-CE)C/acrylic acid (AA) solutions, in which the morphology and structure of (E-CE)C was retained as the same as that in the solution. The strength and the modulus of the composites depended on their morphology and structure. The strength of the composites with a completely amorphous state or with a completely cholesteric order did not significantly change with increasing (E-CE)C content, although the strength of the composites with completely cholesteric order is much higher than with the completely amorphous state. However, when the (E-CE)C content changed from 33.8% to 42.5%, in which the composites had both cholesteric order and amorphous phases, the strength of the composites greatly increased with increasing (E-CE)C. The elastic modulus of the composites with completely isotropic structure decreases with increasing (E-CE)C content but abruptly increases with increasing the fraction of cholesteric phase in the composites. The (E-CE)C with cholesteric order had a significant enhancing effect on the strength of the composites. The stress-strain curves indicated that the composites with completely amorphous or completely cholesteric order were breakable, while they were tough in the case when they had both cholesteric and amorphous phases. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070570411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the blends of carbon dioxide copolymer. III. NBR/PPC systems (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1479-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the blends of the carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with nitrile rubber (NBR) were studied by DSC, DMA, TEM and TG. PPC can enhance the mechanical properties of NBR, while oil resistance and tensile set at break of NBR/PPC systems were as good as that of NBR. The coagent of triallylisocyanurate or maleic anhydride with carbon black can much improve the curing efficiency of dicumyl peroxide in NBR/PPC systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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