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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myelographie ; Postpunktionelles Syndrom ; Nadelspitze ; Iotrolan ; Key words Myelography ; adverse effects ; Iotrolan ; Spinal puncture instrumentation ; Needle-stick injuries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Myelography in combination with a postmyelography CT is an important presurgical examination because of its excellent visualisation of the disc, the bone and the contrast-filled dura. Side effects after myelography can be observed in up to 50 % of patients. The pathophysiological mechanism is thought to be increased cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the puncture site. Since the introduction by Sprotte in 1979 of the pencil-point needle, a modification of Whitacre's needle, fewer complaints after lumbar puncture have been reported. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of two types of needle points and the temperature (37 °C vs 21 °C) of the contrast medium (CM; iotrolan, Isovist) on the incidence of side effects of lumbar puncture for myelography. Material and methods: In a prospective randomized trial the incidence of complaints after lumbar puncture with intrathecal CM application was evaluated by the use of a 21-G pencil-point needle as modified by Sprotte compared to our usual 22-G needle with a Quincke bevel. Some 412 patients (201 female, 211 male; mean age 54.05 ± 7.4 years) were investigated. Directly after examination and 1, 3 and 5 days later the patients were questioned about complaints (headache, neck stiffness nausea, vomiting, buzzing in the ear and dizziness). The results were tested by the chi square test. Results: A significantly lower incidence of complaints was seen after lumbar puncture with the pencil-point needle/Quincke needle (headache: 6.3 %/18.9 %, P 〈 0.0001; headache lasting 3 days: 0.5 %/7.8 %, P 〈 0.0001; headache lasting 5 days: 0 %/2.4 %, P = 0.0305; nausea: 0 %/4.9 %, P = 0.0009; vomiting: 0 %/4.9 %, P = 0.0009; dizziness: 0 %/3.4 %, P = 0.0074; neck stiffness: 0 %/3.4 %, P = 0.0074). The temperature of the CM had no influence on the complaints. No influence was seen on the quality of the myelogram. No relation to sex and age was found. Conclusion: Complaints after lumbar puncture and myelography are caused by the cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the puncture site. The incidence of side effects related to this leakage can be reduced by using a pencil-point needle. The temperature of the CM has no influence on the complaints.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Myelographie zusammen mit der Postmyelographie-CT ist eine wichtige Untersuchungsmethode in der präoperativen Diagnostik. Bei nahezu der Hälfte der Patienten können postpunktionelle Beschwerden bis zu einem Postmyelographie-Syndrom (PMS) auftreten. Pathophysiologisch kann dies durch ein Punktionsleck mit anschließendem Liquorverlust erklärt werden. Ziel der Studie ist es, den Einfluß zweier Nadeltypen (21 G Nadel nach Sprotte vs 22 G Nadel nach Quincke) auf die Inzidenz postpunktioneller Beschwerden zu überprüfen. In einer prospektiven randomisierten Studie wurden bei 412 Patienten nach lumbaler intrathekaler Kontrastmittelapplikation (Iotrolan, Fa. Schering) die Häufigkeit des PMS und postpunktioneller Nebenwirkungen in Abhängigkeit vom verwendeten Nadeltyp untersucht. Die Häufigkeit postpunktioneller Beschwerden nach lumbaler Punktion mit der bleistiftförmigen Nadel nach Sprotte im Vergleich zur geschliffenen Nadel nach Quincke lag deutlich niedriger (Kopfschmerzen: 6,3 % vs 18,9 %, p 〈 0,0001; Kofschmerzen für mindestens drei Tage: 0,5 % vs 7,8 %, p 〈 0,0001; Kopfschmerzen für mindestens 5 Tage: 0 % vs 2,4 %, p = 0,0305; Übelkeit: 0 % vs 4,9 %, p = 0,0009; Erbrechen: 0 % vs 4,9 %, p = 0,0009; Schwindel: 0 % vs 3,4 %, p = 0,0074; Nackensteife: 0 % vs 3,4 %, p = 0,0074; PMS: 0 % vs 3,4 %, p = 0,0074). Die Temperatur des Kontrastmittels beeinflußte die postmyelographischen Beschwerden nicht. Schlußfolgerung: Die Inzidenz des PMS und postpunktioneller Beschwerden kann durch den Einsatz einer „atraumatischen“Nadel nach Sprotte deutlich gesenkt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cyclophosphamide ; dose-escalation ; epirubicin ; filgrastim ; G-CSF ; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To define a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the combination of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim (r-met-HuG-CSF) in patients with advanced solid tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Patients and methods: Thirty-five patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled in stages I and II. Twenty-one patients were treated in stage I in sequential cohorts of at least three patients at increasing dosage levels of cyclophosphamide and epirubicin, for up to six cycles every 21 days. At the completion of stage I, a MTD for epirubicin was established. Fourteen patients were treated in stage II, in cohorts of three or more. The epirubicin dose remained constant at the MTD dosage from stage I. Cyclophosphamide was further dose-escalated to establish its MTD. Twenty-one patients with previously untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated in stage III with the MTD established in the prior stages. Results: The MTD in stage I was epirubicin 150 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m2 with cumulative neutropenia as the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Cumulative thrombocytopenia prevented further dose-escalation of cyclophosphamide in stage II. The stage III regimen consisted of six, 21-day cycles of epirubicin 150 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m2, vincristine 2 mg, and prednisolone 100 mg for five days with filgrastim support. Nineteen of twenty-one patients (90%) completed six cycles of treatment, eight (38%) without dose reduction. Common toxicity criteria (CTC) grade 4 neutropenia (neutrophil nadir 〈0.5 × 109/l) was documented in 85 of 118 cycles (72%). Neutropenic fever was documented in 17 of 21 patients (81%) on at least one occasion. Severe thrombocytopenia (〈25 × 109/l) was seen in fourteen of 118 cycles (12%) and increased with cycle number. There was no significant non-hematological toxicity. Conclusion: Significant dose-escalation of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide was possible with filgrastim support. The MTD achieved was approximately double that of standard-dose therapy. This study forms the basis of an ongoing randomized study evaluating dose-intensification in intermediate grade NHL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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