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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 7893-7908 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intermolecular potential energy surface and the torsional-puckering (TP) motion of the cyclic homodromic water pentamer were theoretically investigated at the level of second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory using double- and triple-zeta correlation-consistent basis sets including diffuse functions. Extensive searches yielded three cyclic homodromic stationary points: (i) the puckered global minimum structure GS, (ii) a torsional-puckering saddle point, 62 cm−1 higher, denoted TS1, and (iii) a planar C5h symmetric structure (Hessian index 7), 800 cm−1 higher in energy. Harmonic vibrational frequencies and normal modes were calculated for all stationary points. Based on the energies and second derivatives of the GS and TS1 structures a cyclic minimum energy path for the large-amplitude TP motion with ten permutationally equivalent minima was constructed. The ground and all excited states are delocalized by TP pseudorotation, giving vibrationally averaged C5h symmetry. The first pseudorotational TP level lies at (approximate)1 cm−1 ((approximate)0.6 cm−1) and the ten lowest TP states within a band of (approximate)20 cm−1 (8 cm−1) for (H2O)5 [(D2O)5]. The corresponding TP dipole moment functions were also calculated, and intensities for the far-infrared torsional-puckering transitions of (H2O)5 and (D2O)5 evaluated up to 300 cm−1. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 9598-9598 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 10470-10479 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we consider vibrational relaxation of high-frequency impurity modes in condensed environments as a computational problem. Linear response theory provides convenient routes for this computation: The vibrational relaxation rate is obtained as a Fourier transform of a force–force time correlation function. However, numerical difficulties arise for processes characterized by a direct relaxation of high-frequency modes into an environment characterized by a relatively low cutoff frequency. It is shown that modern signal processing procedures can significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the needed computation. Since the relevant "signal" can be very small, the computation can be very sensitive to boundary conditions, and care must be taken to avoid artifacts. The computation may be facilitated by using the expected functional form, exponential dependence on the impurity frequency for high frequency, and fitting the parameters of this form from the simulation. It is emphasized that this exponential dependence seems to be the correct functional form, in spite of theoretical arguments in favor of a Gaussian dependence. The main difficulty in the numerical evaluation of the relaxation rate of high-frequency modes results from the fact that at low temperature the dynamical behavior of such modes is essentially quantum mechanical. We demonstrate this issue by considering vibrational relaxation of an impurity CO molecule in a low-temperature Ar matrix. The results obtained for this system by estimating the quantum correction to the classical force–force correlation function are consistent with experimental results, which indicate that under these conditions the relaxation of the vibrationally excited CO is dominated by radiative decay. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 5393-5403 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A four-dimensional intermolecular torsional potential energy surface was calculated for the cyclic homodromic water tetramer at the level of second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, using a large basis set (82 basis functions per monomer). The four torsional angles ωi (i=1–4), which describe the positions of the "free" O–H bonds relative to the planar hydrogen-bonded O(centered ellipsis)O(centered ellipsis)O(centered ellipsis)O framework were varied, while all other internal coordinates were held fixed. Ab initio calculations were performed at 307 points in the asymmetric unit of the torsional space. The points were fitted using the same seven-parameter analytical potential function as previously employed for the torsional surface of the water trimer [Bürgi et al., J. Chem. Phys. 103, 1077 (1995)]. Fits were performed for four interaction energy ranges spanning 1100, 1500, 3500 and 11 500 cm−1 relative to the global minimum, respectively. A number of important stationary points were studied in greater detail and geometry optimized using larger basis sets at the MP2 level. Torsional interconversion pathways are mapped in terms of isopotential surface representations and contour plots. This accurate and rapidly computable potential can be employed to calculate the coupled anharmonic torsional level energies, wave functions and associated molecular properties, presented in the following paper [D. Sabo et al., J. Chem. Phys. 109, 5404 (1998)]. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 885-895 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of high-resolution double-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance spinning sidebands for measuring dipolar couplings and internuclear distances in dipolar solids is described. For this purpose, the response of a dipolar-coupled spin system in a rigid solid is investigated with respect to high-resolution multiple-quantum experiments using rotor-frequency synchronized pulse sequences. For isolated, magnetically equivalent spin-1/2 pairs, exact expressions for the double-quantum spinning-sideband patterns are derived. These patterns show spinning sidebands only at odd numbers of the rotor frequency. For longer excitation/reconversion cycles, the double-quantum spinning sidebands are sensitive to changes in the internuclear distances. Using this technique, the dipolar couplings for 13C spin pairs in double-labeled polyethylene were measured in crystalline and amorphous domains, respectively. In the former the dipolar coupling reflects the carbon–carbon distance, in the latter it is reduced due to molecular dynamics. The possibility to use multiple-quantum pulse sequences as a dipolar filter for the rigid domains is also shown. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 11285-11296 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid-state two-dimensional proton magnetization-exchange NMR is used to investigate intergroup residual dipolar couplings in a cross-linking series of poly(styrene-cobutadiene) elastomers. The magnetization-exchange process between the CH and the CH2 group in the regime of short mixing time provides valuable insight regarding molecular order. A three-spin model is employed, in which the CH and CH2 protons are considered to be coupled by residual dipolar interactions. The spin-system response reflects well-localized dipolar interactions. The time scale in which the exchange process takes place justifies these assumptions as well as the interpretation of various NMR relaxation experiments previously performed on this class of polymers. The residual intergroup dipolar couplings are measured along the average polymer-chain direction and correlated with the dynamic storage modulus. It is shown that they are sensitive to both cross-link points and nonpermanent geometric constraints of the chain motion. The dynamic order parameter along the chains is evaluated. It exhibits the remarkably high value of 〈P2〉≈0.13 for the carbon–carbon bond connecting the CH and the CH2 groups in polybutadiene in the uncross-linked copolymer melt and only slightly increases with the cross-link density. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray spectra from Alcator C-Mod plasmas have been collected using a high wavelength resolution, five spectrometer array during a wide range of operating conditions, providing a large variety of diagnostic information. Each independently scannable von Hamos type spectrometer has a wavelength range of 2.8–4.0 A(ring), and the complete Rydberg series of helium- and hydrogenlike argon have been observed. Spectra of Δn=1 ground state transitions and satellites taken along different chords have been simulated using the results from a collisional-radiative model and the mist transport code. Line ratios are very sensitive to the electron temperature and deduced profiles are in good agreement with ECE profiles. Line intensities have been utilized to obtain absolute argon densities. The widths of the strongest lines have been used to deduce ion temperature profiles. Transitions from around n=9 to the ground state are populated by charge exchange in the outer regions of the plasma and these line intensities have been used to determine the neutral hydrogen density profile. Spectra from heliumlike scandium have been obtained during injection experiments and time histories and line intensities have been utilized to determine impurity transport coefficients. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1512-1518 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Modern streak camera based pulse fluorometers readily allow data collection in two-dimensions. We have developed a modular instrument that is easily adapted for recording time-resolved emission spectra, fluorescence depolarization data, and time series of time-resolved fluorescence decays. The instrument is based on a synchroscan streak camera and a passively mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser using second harmonic generation and third harmonic generation to extend the excitation wavelength range to the visible and ultraviolet. The performance of the instrument was tested using standard biological samples. The dynamic range is typically 600:1, and the detection limit is less than 1 fW. With respect to the fluorescence decay kinetic (first time axis), the temporal resolution is better than 10 ps, and rotational correlation times of 50 ps are measured routinely. For the second time axis, the maximum time resolution is approximately 2 ms. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 406-409 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Measurements of the absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra in a supersonic free jet are performed simultaneously with the use of a dc Xe lamp and lock-in detection. With this inexpensive equipment it is possible to measure spectral features from UV to VIS with absorbances as low as 5×10−6 and with a spectral resolution of 0.9 A(ring). Absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra of 9-cyanoanthracene, which is solid and nonvolatile under ambient conditions, are presented. Achievable signal-to-noise ratios are theoretically calculated and experimentally verified. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A photometrically calibrated polychromator utilizing layered synthetic microstructure coated flats (also known as multilayer mirrors, MLMs) as dispersive elements is operating on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak to measure the molybdenum emissions in the XUV. Molybdenum, the first wall material in C-Mod, is the dominant high Z impurity in the plasma. Three spectral regions are measured by three separate MLM-detector channels. The characteristic charge states in the region between 30–40 A(ring) are Mo xv to Mo xx, between 65–90 A(ring) are Mo xxiv to Mo xxvi, and between 110–130 A(ring) are Mo xxxi and Mo xxxii. The instrument's spectral resolution varies from 0.4 A(ring) at λ=30 A(ring) to 7 A(ring) at λ=130 A(ring). The temporal resolution is typically 1.0 ms, but sampling rates of less than 1 ms are possible. The instrument was photometrically calibrated at The Johns Hopkins University using a Manson soft x-ray light source. Power loss estimates from Mo xxiv to Mo xxvi, Mo xxxi, and Mo xxxii have been obtained during ohmic and ICRF plasmas using the mist transport code to model the molybdenum charge state distributions in the plasma. The Mo concentrations have also been determined. Mo contributes ∼0.1 to the Zeff of 1.3 during ohmic plasmas. This contribution increases during ICRF heating to ∼0.5 of the Zeff of 2. The polychromator functions as a time-resolved soft x-ray emission power loss monitor. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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