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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycosylated haemoglobin and hypertension arising in pregnancy (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 105 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We analysed a database of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) in nondiabetic pregnant women to investigate the relation between glucose metabolism in the first and second trimesters and hypertensive complications of pregnancy. From a total of 1334 women, 13 had pre-existing hypertension, 225 developed gestational hypertension and 51 developed pre-eclampsia. At 28 weeks of gestation, the women who susequently developed gestational hypertension had a significantly higher mean HbAl than those who remained normotensive (6.33 vs 6.17%, P 〈 0.02). This difference remained significant after correcting for the effects of age and body mass index (regression coefficient 0.11, SE 0.06, P = 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in HbAl between the women with pre-eclampsia and their normotensive counterparts. This provides indirect evidence to support our hypothesis that gestational hypertension is associated with insulin resistance but pre-eclampsia is not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09947.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland 1989–1994: Low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1063-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; epidemiology ; incidence ; childhood ; population density ; material deprivation ; overcrowding ; space-time clustering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the period 1989–1994, 462 cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were registered among children from Northern Ireland aged under 15 years. The estimated completeness of the register was 98.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 97.7%, 99.9%). A standardised rate of 19.6 (95% CI 17.8, 21.4) per 100 000 person years was obtained, placing Northern Ireland near the top of the range of published incidence in the United Kingdom, with a rate close to that reported for Scotland. In an analysis based on 217 postcode sectors, areas with a high population density and the most material deprivation were observed to have the lowest incidence rates. After inclusion of population density in a Poisson regression analysis, the component of deprivation which was found to be most significant was household crowding. Relative to children living in areas of low population density, there was a reduced risk for children in medium (relative incidence 0.85 (95% confidence limits CI 0.67,1.09)) and high (0.62 (95% CI 0.48,0.80)) population density areas. Similarly, relative to children living in areas with low levels of household crowding, there was a reduced risk for children in medium (relative incidence 0.73 (95% CI 0.58,0.93)) and high (0.67 (95%CI 0.53,0.83)) levels of household crowding. Tests for space-time clustering at diagnosis and at birth were negative. A possible explanation for the differences in incidence rate observed in this study is that exposure to infections very early in childhood is a protective factor. Later infections may act as either initiators or promoters of diabetes, but the absence of space-time clustering suggests that no single specific infectious agent is responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400655
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland 1989–1994: Low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1063-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; epidemiology ; incidence ; childhood ; population density ; material deprivation ; overcrowding ; space-time clustering.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the period 1989–1994, 462 cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were registered among children from Northern Ireland aged under 15 years. The estimated completeness of the register was 98.8 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 97.7 %, 99.9 %). A standardised rate of 19.6 (95 % CI 17.8, 21.4) per 100 000 person years was obtained, placing Northern Ireland near the top of the range of published incidence in the United Kingdom, with a rate close to that reported for Scotland. In an analysis based on 217 postcode sectors, areas with a high population density and the most material deprivation were observed to have the lowest incidence rates. After inclusion of population density in a Poisson regression analysis, the component of deprivation which was found to be most significant was household crowding. Relative to children living in areas of low population density, there was a reduced risk for children in medium (relative incidence 0.85 (95 % confidence limits CI 0.67,1.09)) and high (0.62 (95 %CI 0.48,0.80)) population density areas. Similarly, relative to children living in areas with low levels of household crowding, there was a reduced risk for children in medium (relative incidence 0.73 (95 % CI 0.58,0.93)) and high (0.67 (95 %CI 0.53,0.83)) levels of household crowding. Tests for space-time clustering at diagnosis and at birth were negative. A possible explanation for the differences in incidence rate observed in this study is that exposure to infections very early in childhood is a protective factor. Later infections may act as either initiators or promoters of diabetes, but the absence of space-time clustering suggests that no single specific infectious agent is responsible. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1063–1069]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400655
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosing diabetes mellitus – do we need new criteria? (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetes mellitus ; diagnosis ; oral glucose tolerance test ; fasting plasma glucose ; 2-h plasma glucose ; haemoglobin A1c ; retinopathy ; nephropathy ; complications.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The current classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus were introduced by the United States National Data Group in 1979 and endorsed by the World Health Organization in 1980, with modifications in 1985 and 1994. The criteria, chosen to reflect the risk of complications, were the synthesis of considerable thought and expertise and represented a consensus which, it was hoped, would prove helpful to all those involved with diabetes – practising clinician, research scientist and epidemiologist alike. The inconvenience, variability and nonphysiological nature of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are well-recognised. In spite of these limitations the 2-h post-load plasma glucose has remained the standard against which all other tests have been evaluated. This article reviews the original justification for the OGTT, and in the light of more recent epidemiological research seeks to place the current diagnostic criteria for diabetes into a pathophysiological, diagnostic and prognostic perspective. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 247–255]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050671
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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