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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of Bragg surface diffraction to analyze ion-implanted semiconductors (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2614-2616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A special case of the x-ray multiple diffraction phenomenon, the Bragg surface diffraction (BSD), has been investigated under lattice damage due to ion implantation in GaAs (001) samples. The BSD profile is very sensitive to the diffraction regime (dynamical or kinematical) and provides information regarding crystalline perfection and lattice strains in both directions—parallel and perpendicular—to the sample surface. Results from grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping are also reported. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120157
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on the infrared and sum-frequency generation spectra of adsorbates (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 5920-5927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dephasing and energy relaxation contributions to the line width in infrared (IR) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectra of adsorbates are derived from the generalized master equation approach. Expression for the line shift is also obtained. The anharmonic interaction between the adsorbate and the substrate is expanded in a polynomial in terms of the adsorbate and phonon coordinates, and the dephasing is shown to be mainly due to two-phonon processes, while two-phonon, three-phonon or four-phonon processes can contribute to energy relaxation, depending on the relative values of the adsorbate vibrational and the phonon frequencies. The temperature-dependence data of the IR absorption for C(111):H is found to be consistent with the theory, and the large line width for C(111):D can be accounted for by the efficient two-phonon energy relaxation process which is not available for C(111):H due to the higher adsorbate vibrational frequency for C(111):H. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473257
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum Level of Interleukin-4 in Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis During Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) may play a central role in the IgE synthesis system, the development of Th-2-like cells, and co-ordination as well as the persistence of airway inflammatory process in allergic disorders. Therefore, IL-4 plays a key role in airway allergic disorders. This study aimed at investigating the serum concentrations of IL-4 in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, with special reference to the possible changes and the clinical relevance following long-term immunotherapy. The study has demonstrated that the serum level of IL-4 in allergic rhinitis patients before immunotherapy is significantly higher than that in non-atopic individuals. However, the serum IL-4 level in allergic rhinitis patients did not decrease following anti-allergic medications but significantly decreased following immunotherapy. The percentage decrease in IL-4 was correlated significantly with the percentage decrease in specific IgE antibodies following long-term immunotherapy. Immunotherapy also significantly decreased specific IgE antibodies, but this reduction in specific IgE antibodies was not significantly correlated with the clinical improvement. In contrast, the percentage decrease in serum IL-4 was significantly correlated with the percentage decrease in symptomatic scores. The authors interpret these data to mean that immunotherapy alters T-cell cytokine profiles in the long-term, and a decline of IL-4 following immunotherapy could modulate not only production of specific IgE antibodies but also inflammatory cellular events, leading to symptomatic relief in allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-269.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of mechanical trauma on the tooth germ of rat molars at various developmental stages: a histopathological study (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Intrusive trauma was experimentally applied to the tooth germ at different developmental stages in the rat first molar. The tooth germ at the earliest (postnatal day 1, initiating stage of enamel matrix formation) and the latest (postnatal day 10, calcifying stage of preformed enamcl matrix) developmental stages studied showed localized enamel hypoplasia as a direct sequela of trauma. Thc tooth germs in which enamel matrix was rapidly thickening (postnatal days 3, 5, 7) and had not yet started to calcify showed the most intense and extensive injuries to the formation and structural organization of both enamel and dentin. As for indirect effects secondary to trauma, tooth germ dislocation was observed chiefly in tooth germs at the same developmental stages, frequently resulting in ankylosis. The present experimental model may be helpful for clarifying thc histogenesis of traumatic changes in the developing tooth germ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00743.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio calculations of radiationless transitions between excited and ground singlet electronic states of ethylene (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 2044-2055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General expressions for internal conversion (IC) rate constant calculations have been derived by taking into account displacements, distortions, and rotation (mixing) of normal modes. The electronic part of the rate constant has been computed through the ab initio calculations of vibronic coupling. The corresponding expressions for the simplest two-mode case as well as for the general n-mode case have been derived. We demonstrate the effect of rotated (mixed) normal modes on the IC rate constants based on a model consisting of one promoting and two mixed modes. The dynamics of excited states of C2H4 has been investigated based on the internal conversion mechanism. The calculated rate of internal conversion show that the lifetimes of the excited π–3p and π–π* states of C2H4 are on the picosecond scale. We predict that if the molecule is excited to a Rydberg π–3p state, it relaxes to the ground state via the cascade mechanism, π–3p→π–3s(1B3u)→π–π*(1B1u)→1Ag. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475584
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond pump-probe study of molecular vibronic structures and dynamics of a cyanine dye in solution (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 12070-12081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-resolved pump–probe spectra of 1,1′,3,3,3′,3′-hexamethyl-4,4′,5,5′-dibenzo-2,2′indotricarbocyanine (HDITC), a cyanine dye, in ethylene glycol are obtained using 11 fs and 90 fs duration pulses and analyzed in order to study its potential energy surfaces and vibrational dynamics. Ten oscillatory frequencies ranging from 30 cm−1 to 1400 cm−1 are observed in the 11 fs duration wavelength-resolved pump–probe measurements. They are assigned as fundamental vibrational frequencies of HDITC. The relative displacements of the equilibrium position between electronic excited and ground states along the resolved ten vibrational modes are determined through the wavelength dependence of the oscillatory amplitude. After considering the contributions of the ten vibrational modes, it is found that most of the Stokes shift and the early fast decays of the pump–probe signals are due to relaxation along the low frequency overdamped modes of the chromophore. The overdamped modes are characterized by the 90 fs pump–probe signals with the excitation at the red edge of the absorption band. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479142
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchrotron radiation study of yttria-stabilized zirconia, Zr0.758Y0.242O1.879 (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 726-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The fluorite-related cubic structure of yttria-stabilized zirconia, Zr0.758Y0.242O1.879, has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation and by EXAFS. Two diffraction data sets obtained at X-ray energies of 512 and 10 eV below the Y K edge revealed that in the average structure Zr atoms are displaced from the origin of the space group Fm3¯m along 〈111〉 by 0.19 Å, while Y atoms reside at the origin. Approximately 48% of the O atoms occupy the ideal position in the fluorite-type structure, while 43% of O atoms are displaced from the ideal position along 〈001〉 by 0.31 Å. The remaining 9% of O atoms are presumably sited at interstitial positions. Local structures around Zr and Y are investigated by combining the results of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and EXAFS studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768199005108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superlattice avalanche photodiodes for optical communications (1998)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 30 (1998), S. 219-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews the research into and development trends to date of high-speed high-sensitivity semiconductor superlattice (SL) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for use in 1.3 to 1.55μm wavelength optical communications. We focus on three types of SL-APDs based on an InAlGaAs-well/InAlAs-barrier structure. The first is an InAlGaAs/InAlAs polyimide-coated mesa-structure SL-APD with a high gain-bandwidth product of over 120GHz and a low multiplied dark current of a few tens of nano-amperes. Its reliability has been measured to be over 105h at 50°C. The second is a planar-structure SL-APD with a new titanium-implanted guard-ring; this structure has a longer lifetime than the mesa structure. The third is a large-receiving-area SL-APD integrated with a monolithic lens for eye-safety 1.5μm wavelength optical measurement systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006958505704
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Praseodymium–calcium manganites (Pr1−xCaxMnO3) as electrode catalyst for oxygen reduction in alkaline solution (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 745-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018404308209
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Megalencephaly, hydrocephalus and cortical dysplasia in severe dwarfism mimicking leprechaunism (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cortical dysplasia ; Dwarfism ; Leprechaunism ; Megalencephaly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report concerns an autopsy case of megalencephaly exhibiting a unique combination of physical and brain malformations. A 4-year-old boy had a peculiar face, a severe reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue, severe growth failure and frequent hypoglycemic episodes. These clinical features were compatible with leprechaunism; however, the absence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance prevented the diagnosis of leprechaunism. The autopsy disclosed complex cardiac and brain malformations. Although hydrocephalus coexisted, the brain weight after complete removal of the cerebrospinal fluid was 2260 g, which was greater than the average brain weight of normal Japanese children of the same age. The neuronal density in the cerebral cortex was decreased, while the surface area of the cerebral cortex and white matter were greater than those in an age-matched control. There was cortical dysplasia in the frontal and parietal lobes. Endocrine tests and immunohistochemical analysis of the brain did not demonstrate any abnormalities in the hypothalamus-pituitary system. Megalencephaly can be associated with dwarfism, and this case is important for consideration of the interrelationship between neuronal proliferation and physical growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050821
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