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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remote infrared radiation detection using piezoresistive microcantilevers (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2986-2988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel micromechanical infrared (IR) radiation sensor has been developed using commercially available piezoresistive microcantilevers. Microcantilevers coated with a heat absorbing layer undergo bending due to the differential stress between the top layer (coating) and the substrate. The bending causes a change in the piezoresistance and is proportional to the amount of heat absorbed. The microcantilever IR sensor exhibits two distinct thermal responses: a fast one (〈ms) and a slower one (∼10 ms). A noise equivalent power (at a modulation frequency of 30 Hz) was estimated to be ∼70 nW/Hz1/2. This value can be further reduced by designing microcantilevers with better thermal isolation that can allow microcantilevers to be used as uncooled IR radiation detectors. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117752
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational anaesthesia with isoflurane for major abdominal surgery: Recovery characteristics and postoperative oxygenation—an international multicentre study (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two hundred and ten adult patients undergoing open cholecystectomy, vagotomy or gastrectomy were included in a randomised multicentre study to compare postoperative nausea and vomiting, oxygen saturations for the first three postoperative nights, time to return of gastrointestinal function, mobilisation, and discharge from the hospital following induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil or with thiopentone, nitrous oxide, isoflurane and alfentanil. Recovery from anaesthesia was significantly faster in the propofol group (mean (SD) times to eye opening and giving correct date of birth of 14.0 (SD 13.8) and 25.5 (SD 29.5) minutes, and 18.5 (SD 14.8) and 35.5 (SD 37.2) minutes in the propofol and isoflurane groups respectively). There was significantly less nausea in the propofol group (15.4%) than in the isoflurane group (33.7%) in the first two postoperative hours (p 〈 0.003) but not thereafter. There were no significant differences between the groups in any other recovery characteristics. The incidence of hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen saturation less than 93%) was close to 70% in both groups for the first three postoperative nights, indicating the need for oxygen therapy after major abdominal surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15005.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EGRET Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 759 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) has observed gamma-rays bursts with the highest energy gamma-rays and the longest high energy emission to date. EGRET measures the high energy gamma-rays with its large NaI scintillator (1 to 200 MeV) and its spark chamber (30 MeV to 30 GeV). The spark chamber also measures time and arrival directions of individual photons allowing locations for the energetic bursts to be determined. Since the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory launch in 1991, EGRET has observed five bursts in the spark chamber with several having gamma-ray energies grater than 1 GeV. The recording breaking burst, GRB940217, had gamma-rays up to 18 GeV and lasted over 5000 seconds. The results for the energetic bursts are presented. The high energies observed from these gamma-ray bursts set constraints for the burst distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17577.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in the Newborn: Study of the Repeatability of Four Doppler Echocardiographic Techniques (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 17 (1996), S. 360-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Key words: Doppler — Echocardiography — Newborn — Pulmonary arterial pressure — Repeatability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Despite the increasing use of Doppler echocardiographic (DE) techniques to determine pulmonary arterial pressure in the neonate undergoing intensive care, there have been no studies comparing their repeatability in this population. Our objective was to compare the repeatability of four such techniques in neonates. The study was conducted in two regional neonatal units serving the North East of England. Group A (repeatability between observers): Two experienced observers performed detailed DE examinations, one directly after the other. Group B (within observer repeatability/temporal variability): One observer performed two examinations 1 hour apart. Group A comprised 15 preterm babies (26–36 weeks' gestation, 975–2915 g), most with mild respiratory failure; 4 healthy term babies; and 7 with congenital heart disease, in whom tricuspid regurgitation (TR) only was measured. Their ages were 18 hours to 12 days. Group B comprised 11 babies aged 12–64 hours with moderate to severe respiratory failure; 10 were preterm (26–36 weeks, 785–2800 g). We recorded four measurements: (1) Peak velocity of TR in m/s; (2) peak left-to-right ductal flow velocity (PDAmax in m/s); (3) TPV/RVET ratio; and (4) PEP/RVET ratio, where TPV = time to peak velocity at the pulmonary valve, PEP = right ventricular preejection period, and RVET = right ventricular ejection time. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to produce the coefficient of repeatability (CR: 95% confidence limits of repeatability), also expressed as a repeatability index (CR/mean value) and as a number of ``confidence steps''—a measure of sensitivity of the technique to hemodynamic change (range of values within the population/CR). Between-observer and within-observer repeatabilities were similar. Within-observer CR and index (%) results were for TR ± 0.26 m/s (9%); for PDAmax, ± 0.48 m/s (39%); TPV/RVET 0.1:1.0 (34%), PEP/RVET 0.12:1.00 (36%). TR and PDAmax had the largest number of confidence steps in the expected range of values (TR 8.5; PDA max 6.5; TPV/RVET 3.2; PEP/RVET 3.2). The most repeatable technique was TR, but PDAmax would also be useful for a serial study owing to the potential for large change. Systolic time interval ratios were less repeatable and likely to be less sensitive indicators of hemodynamic change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002469900080
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiovascular abnormalities in end stage renal failure: the effect of anaemia or uraemia? (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 9 (1995), S. 244-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00860759
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and expression of two cDNAs encoding asparagine synthetase in soybean (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 33 (1997), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: asparagine ; asparagine synthetase ; cDNA clone ; complementation ; gene expression ; Glycine max
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNA clones (SAS1 and SAS2) encoding different isoforms of asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) were isolated. Their DNA sequences were determined and compared. The amino-terminal residues of the predicted SAS1 and SAS2 proteins were identical to those of the glutamine binding domain of AS from pea, asparagus, Arabidopsis and human, suggesting that SAS1 and SAS2 cDNAs encode the glutamine-dependent form of AS. The open reading frames of SAS1 and SAS2 encode a protein of 579 and 581 amino acids with predicted molecular weights of 65 182 and 65 608 Da respectively. Similarity of the deduced amino acid sequences of SAS1 and SAS2 with other known AS sequences were 92% and 93% for pea AS1; 91% and 96% for pea AS2; 88% and 91% for asparagus; 88% and 90.5% for Arabidopsis; 70.5% and 72.5% for E. coli asnB and 61% and 63% for man. A plasmid, pSAS2E, was constructed to express the soybean AS protein in Escherichia coli. Complementation experiments revealed that the soybean AS protein was functional in E. coli. Southern blot analysis indicated that the soybean AS is part of a small gene family. AS transcript was expressed in all tissues examined, but higher levels were seen in stem and root of light-grown tissue and leaves of dark-treated tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005784202450
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AGATE: A high energy gamma-ray telescope using drift chambers (1996)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 75 (1996), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: gamma-ray detectors ; pair production ; drift chambers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The exciting results from the highly successful Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) has contributed significantly to increasing our understanding of high energy gamma-ray astronomy. A follow-on mission to EGRET is needed to continue these scientific advances as well as to address the several new scientific questions raised by EGRET. Here we describe the work being done on the development of the Advanced Gamma-Ray Astronomy Telescope Experiment (AGATE), visualized as the successor to EGRET. In order to achieve the scientific goals, AGATE will have higher sensitivity than EGRET in the energy range 30 MeV to 30 GeV, larger effective area, better angular resolution, and an extended low and high energy range. In its design, AGATE will follow the tradition of the earlier gamma-ray telescopes, SAS-2, COS B, and EGRET, and will have the same four basic components of an anticoincidence system, directional coincidence system, track imaging, and energy measurement systems. However, due to its much larger size, AGATE will use drift chambers as its track imaging system rather than the spark chambers used by EGRET. Drift chambers are an obvious choice as they have less deadtime per event, better spatial resolution, and are relatively easy and inexpensive to build. Drift chambers have low power requirements, so that many layers of drift chambers can be included. To test the feasibility of using drift chambers, we have constructed a prototype instrument consisting of a stack of sixteen 1/2m × 1/2m drift chambers and have measured the spatial resolution using atmospheric muons. The results on the drift chamber performance in the laboratory are presented here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195028
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