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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional variation in adipose tissue insulin action and GLUT4 glucose transporter expression in severely obese premenopausal women (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 590-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Adipocyte ; fat ; glucose transport ; lipolysis ; adenosine.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin action and GLUT4 expression were examined in adipose tissue of severely obese premenopausal women undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Fat samples were taken from three different anatomical regions: the subcutaneous abdominal site, the round ligament (deep abdominal properitoneal fat), and the greater omentum (deep abdominal intraperitoneal fat). The stimulatory effect of insulin on glucose transport and the ability of the hormone to inhibit lipolysis were determined in adipocytes isolated from these three adipose depots. Insulin stimulated glucose transport 2–3 times over basal rates in all adipocytes. However, round ligament adipose cells showed a significantly greater responsiveness to insulin when compared to subcutaneous and omental adipocytes. Round ligament fat cells also displayed the greatest sensitivity and maximal antilipolytic response to insulin. We also investigated whether regional differences in fat cell insulin-stimulated glucose transport were linked to a differential expression of the GLUT4 glucose transporter. GLUT4 protein content in total membranes was 5 and 2.2 times greater in round ligament adipose tissue than in subcutaneous and omental fat depots, respectively. Moreover, GLUT4 mRNA levels were 2.1 and 3 times higher in round ligament than in subcutaneous or omental adipose tissues, respectively. Adipose tissue GLUT4 protein content was strongly and negatively associated (r = –0.79 to –0.89, p 〈 0.01) with the waist-to-hip ratio but not with total adiposity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the existence of site differences in adipose tissue insulin action in morbidly obese women. The greater insulin effect on glucose transport in round ligament adipocytes was associated with a higher expression of GLUT4 when compared to subcutaneous abdominal and omental fat cells. Moreover, despite the regional variation in GLUT4 expression, an increased proportion of abdominal fat was found to be associated with lower levels of GLUT4 in all adipose regions investigated. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 590–598]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050720
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial correlations in the Québec family study: cross-trait familial resemblance for body fat with plasma glucose and insulin (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1357-1364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Bivariate ; genetic ; environmental ; pleiotropy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study represents one component in our investigation of the familial factors underlying the insulin resistance (or metabolic) syndrome involving obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Here we examine the cross-trait familial resemblance between four measures of body size (two assessing total fat [body mass index and sum of six skinfolds] and two assessing fat patterning [ratio of trunk skinfold sum to extremity skinfold sum, adjusted and unadjusted for total subcutaneous fat]) with fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and the ratio of insulin to glucose (IGR) in non-diabetic families participating in phase 1 of the Québec Family Study. A bivariate familial correlation model assessed both intraindividual (e. g. father's body size with father's insulin) and interindividual (e. g. father's body size with son's insulin) cross-trait associations. Intraindividual correlations suggested a greater degree of cross-trait associations for body fat (rather than fat distribution) measures with insulin and the IGR (rather than with glucose) levels. While the intraindividual correlations were significant for most cross-trait comparisons, only the sum of six skinfolds evidenced any familial association (i. e. interindividual resemblance) with insulin and the IGR. Specifically, cross-trait parent-offspring (but not sibling or spouse) correlations were significant, with a bivariate familiality estimate (i. e. polygenic and/or common familial environment) of about 8 %. While the lack of sibling correlations does not suggest a simple familial hypothesis, a more complex genetic effect underlying the common covariation between total body fat with insulin and IGR cannot be ruled out. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1357–1364]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050583
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma leptin concentrations: gender differences and associations with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1178-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Leptin ; gender differences ; insulin ; lipoproteins.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cloning of the obese gene and the characterization of its protein product, leptin, has permitted the study of a new hormone potentially involved in the regulation of adipose tissue mass. The present study examined the gender differences in fasting plasma leptin concentration and its relationship to body fatness, adipose tissue distribution and the metabolic profile in samples of 91 men (mean age ± SD: 37.3 ± 4.8 years) and 48 women (38.5 ± 6.8 years). Plasma leptin concentrations were strongly associated with body fat mass measured by underwater weighing [men: r = 0.80, p 〈 0.0001; women: r = 0.85, p 〈 0.0001]. In both genders, plasma leptin levels were also strongly correlated with waist girth as well as cross-sectional areas of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue measured by computed tomography. Women had, on average, plasma leptin concentrations that were three times higher than men. Furthermore, this gender difference remained significant when comparing men and women matched for similar levels of body fat mass. The associations between plasma leptin and lipoprotein concentrations were dependent of adiposity. In both men and women, elevated fasting plasma leptin levels were associated with higher plasma insulin concentrations, but only in women was the association maintained after correction for fat mass. Thus, results of the present study show that women have higher plasma leptin levels compared to men, independent of the concomitant variation in total body fat mass. Furthermore, our results also suggest that, in women, the association between plasma leptin and insulin concentrations is independent of adiposity, a finding which provides further support to the observation that adipose tissue leptin secretion may be upregulated by insulin. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1178–1184]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050804
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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