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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional variation in adipose tissue insulin action and GLUT4 glucose transporter expression in severely obese premenopausal women (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 590-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Adipocyte ; fat ; glucose transport ; lipolysis ; adenosine.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin action and GLUT4 expression were examined in adipose tissue of severely obese premenopausal women undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Fat samples were taken from three different anatomical regions: the subcutaneous abdominal site, the round ligament (deep abdominal properitoneal fat), and the greater omentum (deep abdominal intraperitoneal fat). The stimulatory effect of insulin on glucose transport and the ability of the hormone to inhibit lipolysis were determined in adipocytes isolated from these three adipose depots. Insulin stimulated glucose transport 2–3 times over basal rates in all adipocytes. However, round ligament adipose cells showed a significantly greater responsiveness to insulin when compared to subcutaneous and omental adipocytes. Round ligament fat cells also displayed the greatest sensitivity and maximal antilipolytic response to insulin. We also investigated whether regional differences in fat cell insulin-stimulated glucose transport were linked to a differential expression of the GLUT4 glucose transporter. GLUT4 protein content in total membranes was 5 and 2.2 times greater in round ligament adipose tissue than in subcutaneous and omental fat depots, respectively. Moreover, GLUT4 mRNA levels were 2.1 and 3 times higher in round ligament than in subcutaneous or omental adipose tissues, respectively. Adipose tissue GLUT4 protein content was strongly and negatively associated (r = –0.79 to –0.89, p 〈 0.01) with the waist-to-hip ratio but not with total adiposity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the existence of site differences in adipose tissue insulin action in morbidly obese women. The greater insulin effect on glucose transport in round ligament adipocytes was associated with a higher expression of GLUT4 when compared to subcutaneous abdominal and omental fat cells. Moreover, despite the regional variation in GLUT4 expression, an increased proportion of abdominal fat was found to be associated with lower levels of GLUT4 in all adipose regions investigated. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 590–598]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050720
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma leptin concentrations: gender differences and associations with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1178-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Leptin ; gender differences ; insulin ; lipoproteins.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cloning of the obese gene and the characterization of its protein product, leptin, has permitted the study of a new hormone potentially involved in the regulation of adipose tissue mass. The present study examined the gender differences in fasting plasma leptin concentration and its relationship to body fatness, adipose tissue distribution and the metabolic profile in samples of 91 men (mean age ± SD: 37.3 ± 4.8 years) and 48 women (38.5 ± 6.8 years). Plasma leptin concentrations were strongly associated with body fat mass measured by underwater weighing [men: r = 0.80, p 〈 0.0001; women: r = 0.85, p 〈 0.0001]. In both genders, plasma leptin levels were also strongly correlated with waist girth as well as cross-sectional areas of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue measured by computed tomography. Women had, on average, plasma leptin concentrations that were three times higher than men. Furthermore, this gender difference remained significant when comparing men and women matched for similar levels of body fat mass. The associations between plasma leptin and lipoprotein concentrations were dependent of adiposity. In both men and women, elevated fasting plasma leptin levels were associated with higher plasma insulin concentrations, but only in women was the association maintained after correction for fat mass. Thus, results of the present study show that women have higher plasma leptin levels compared to men, independent of the concomitant variation in total body fat mass. Furthermore, our results also suggest that, in women, the association between plasma leptin and insulin concentrations is independent of adiposity, a finding which provides further support to the observation that adipose tissue leptin secretion may be upregulated by insulin. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1178–1184]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050804
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors explained by the level of visceral adipose tissue? (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 757-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Visceral fat ; sex dimorphism ; lipoprotein glucose metabolism ; computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been suggested that the lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease in women before menopause in comparison with men may be explained by differences in body fat distribution, plasma lipoprotein levels and indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis. Thus, gender differences in visceral adipose tissue accumulation measured by computed tomography and metabolic variables were studied in 80 men and 69 pre-menopausal women, aged 23–50 years. Despite the fact that women had higher levels of total body fat (p〈0.0001), they displayed lower areas of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (p〈0.06) and a lower ratio of abdominal visceral to mid-thigh adipose tissue areas than men (p〈0.0001). After adjustment for body fat mass, women generally displayed a more favourable risk profile than men which included higher plasma HDL2-cholesterol and lower plasma insulin, apolipoprotein B and triglyceride levels (p〈0.01). Metabolic variables adjusted for body fat mass were then compared between genders after control for differences in abdominal visceral adipose tissue area. After such controls, variables related to plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis were no longer significantly different between men and women. Gender differences for plasma concentrations of triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of HDL2-cholesterol/HDL3-cholesterol also disappeared, whereas plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol as well as the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol remained significantly higher in women than in men (p〈0.01). These results suggest that abdominal visceral adipose tissue is an important correlate of gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk. However, additional factors are likely to be involved in gender differences in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404332
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of visceral obesity to the deterioration of the metabolic risk profile in men with impaired glucose tolerance (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1126-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Impaired glucose tolerance ; visceral obesity ; lipid-lipoprotein ; cardiovascular disease risk ; men.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Impaired glucose tolerance is associated with metabolic alterations which increase cardiovascular disease risk. The contribution of hyperglycaemia to this increased risk is, however, not clear. Abdominal obesity is often observed in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance; our objective was therefore to find the contribution of visceral adipose tissue to the deterioration of the metabolic risk profile noted in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Methods. We studied 284 men with a normal glucose tolerance and 66 men with impaired glucose tolerance which was defined as a glycaemia between 7.8 and 11.1 mmol/l 2 h after a 75-g glucose load. Results. Men with impaired glucose tolerance had more visceral adipose tissue and higher concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin in the fasting state and following a 75-g oral glucose load than men with a normal glucose tolerance. They also had higher concentrations of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol as well as higher cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratios than men with a normal glucose tolerance. The two groups of men were then compared after a statistical adjustment for the amount of visceral adipose tissue. Although men with impaired glucose tolerance still had higher fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after the adjustment for visceral adipose tissue, differences in all the variables of the lipid-lipoprotein profile were eliminated. Conclusion/interpretation. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is an important factor in the deterioration of the plasma lipid-lipoprotein noted in men with impaired glucose tolerance. [Diabetologia 2000 43: 1126–1135]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051503
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to oral glucose in non-diabetic men: interactions between duration of obesity, body fat distribution and family history of diabetes mellitus (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 653-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetic susceptibility ; obesity ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; glucose tolerance ; body fat distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction between environmental and genetic factors in the alterations of glucose-insulin homeostasis was studied in 104 non-diabetic men. Family history of diabetes mellitus was used as an index of genetic predisposition to diabetes. Body composition was measured by under-water weighing whereas subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue areas were measured at the abdominal and femoral levels by computed tomography. The sample was first divided into two groups. The first group included subjects with “normal” glycaemic and insulinaemic responses during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The second group was composed of subjects either with a high glucose response or high insulin response or both. Men included in the second group were different from the “normal” subjects for almost all body fatness variables. They also presented a prevalence of a positive family history of diabetes which was significantly higher than “normal” subjects. The second group was then divided into three distinct subgroups based on insulin and glucose responses of the subjects during the oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects with high insulin but “normal” glucose responses were characterized by significantly higher levels of total body fat and deep abdominal adipose tissue when compared to the “normal” group (p〈0.05). Men with both high insulinaemic and glycaemic responses displayed higher body fatness values and higher deep and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue areas (p〈0.05) in comparison with “normal” subjects. They also had a higher body mass index at age 20 years than control subjects and subjects with high insulin but “normal” glucose responses. In contrast, subjects with “normal” insulin but with high glucose responses were not different from the “normal” group with regard to body fat and adipose tissue areas. These results show the heterogeneous origin of altered glucose-insulin homeostasis in non-diabetic men. Finally, subjects in the altered glucose-insulin homeostasis group with no family history of diabetes displayed a higher body mass index at age 20 years (p〈0.05) in comparison with subjects who had a positive family history of the disease. They also presented a greater abdominal-to-thigh fat ratio measured by computed tomography. These results suggest that in men with alterations of glucose-insulin homeostasis, the relationship of body fat distribution to glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels is different in those with no family history of diabetes than in subjects with a positive family history of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400258
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors explained by the level of visceral adipose tissue? (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 757-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Visceral fat, sex dimorphism, lipoprotein, glucose metabolism, computed tomography.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been suggested that the lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease in women before menopause in comparison with men may be explained by differences in body fat distribution, plasma lipoprotein levels and indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis. Thus, gender differences in visceral adipose tissue accumulation measured by computed tomography and metabolic variables were studied in 80 men and 69 pre-menopausal women, aged 23–50 years. Despite the fact that women had higher levels of total body fat (p〈0.0001), they displayed lower areas of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (p〈0.06) and a lower ratio of abdominal visceral to mid-thigh adipose tissue areas than men (p〈0.0001). After adjustment for body fat mass, women generally displayed a more favourable risk profile than men which included higher plasma HDL2-cholesterol and lower plasma insulin, apolipoprotein B and triglyceride levels (p〈0.01). Metabolic variables adjusted for body fat mass were then compared between genders after control for differences in abdominal visceral adipose tissue area. After such controls, variables related to plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis were no longer significantly different between men and women. Gender differences for plasma concentrations of triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of HDL2-cholesterol/HDL3-cholesterol also disappeared, whereas plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol as well as the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol remained significantly higher in women than in men (p〈0.01). These results suggest that abdominal visceral adipose tissue is an important correlate of gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk. However, additional factors are likely to be involved in gender differences in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 757–764]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050176
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial correlations in the Québec family study: cross-trait familial resemblance for body fat with plasma glucose and insulin (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1357-1364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Bivariate ; genetic ; environmental ; pleiotropy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study represents one component in our investigation of the familial factors underlying the insulin resistance (or metabolic) syndrome involving obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Here we examine the cross-trait familial resemblance between four measures of body size (two assessing total fat [body mass index and sum of six skinfolds] and two assessing fat patterning [ratio of trunk skinfold sum to extremity skinfold sum, adjusted and unadjusted for total subcutaneous fat]) with fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and the ratio of insulin to glucose (IGR) in non-diabetic families participating in phase 1 of the Québec Family Study. A bivariate familial correlation model assessed both intraindividual (e. g. father's body size with father's insulin) and interindividual (e. g. father's body size with son's insulin) cross-trait associations. Intraindividual correlations suggested a greater degree of cross-trait associations for body fat (rather than fat distribution) measures with insulin and the IGR (rather than with glucose) levels. While the intraindividual correlations were significant for most cross-trait comparisons, only the sum of six skinfolds evidenced any familial association (i. e. interindividual resemblance) with insulin and the IGR. Specifically, cross-trait parent-offspring (but not sibling or spouse) correlations were significant, with a bivariate familiality estimate (i. e. polygenic and/or common familial environment) of about 8 %. While the lack of sibling correlations does not suggest a simple familial hypothesis, a more complex genetic effect underlying the common covariation between total body fat with insulin and IGR cannot be ruled out. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1357–1364]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050583
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of the polyethylene glycol precipitation technique for the characterization of rat ventricular β-adrenoceptors
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 192 (1991), S. 426-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(91)90559-C
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The manipulation of volatile solutes and solvents in infrared spectrophotometry
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Section 26 (1970), S. 742-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0584-8539
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0584-8539(70)80119-2
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Pattern of Catecholamine Response to Burst Activity in Leopard Frogs, Rana pipiens
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 95 (1994), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1994.1109
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