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  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential flow in a well drained and a poorly drained soil under different overhead irrigation regimes (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. There is environmental concern about the increasing land application of dairy shed effluent in New Zealand. To minimize groundwater contamination by applied nutrients and pathogens it is desirable to avoid preferential flow through topsoils. Our objective was to determine an irrigation rate that retained applied effluent in the topsoil of two commonly irrigated New Zealand soils. In a field experiment, well drained Horotiu soils and poorly drained Te Kowhai soils were irrigated with a pyranine dye/KBr tracer solution at four rates (5, 10, 15, 20 mm/h) using a drip-type rainfall simulator. Twenty minutes after irrigation ceased the soil was excavated horizontally at 25 or 50 mm intervals, and photographed under UV light until no further fluorescence was vishle. Each layer was also analysed for bromide content, without subsampling. The wetting pattern was uneven in both soils as leachate moved preferentially through worm channels and structural cracks. Preferential flow was greatest in the Te Kowhai soil and increased at faster application rates. Dye fluorescence was curvilinearly related to bromide concentration. At both study sites, maintaining the irrigation rate at 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:02660032:SUM96:les" location="les.gif"/〉 10 mm/h minimized leachate movement into the subsoil. Pulsed irrigation at faster rates was not retained in the topsoil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00622.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanoprobe-induced electrostatic lateral quantization in near-surface resonant-tunneling heterostructures (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3621-3623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report experimental and theoretical evidence for electrostatic lateral confinement induced by a nanoprobe. The lateral confinement is manifest as oscillations of the differential conductance of a near-surface resonant-tunneling heterostructure in air at room temperature. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113807
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addition of metronidazole to omeprazole/amoxycillin dual therapy increases the rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication: a double-blind, randomized trial (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of an omeprazole/amoxycillin (OA) dual therapy Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen with an omeprazole/amoxycillin/metronidazole (OAM) triple therapy regimen. Methods: In this double-blind trial, conducted in 19 hospitals, 119 patients with symptomatic duodenal ulcer disease were randomized to receive either 14 days treatment with omeprazole 40 mg daily, amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s. and placebo followed by a further 14 days’treatment with omeprazole 20 mg daily (n= 59) or 14 days treatment with omeprazole 40 mg daily, amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s., and metronidazole 400 mg t.d.s., followed by a further 14 days’treatment with omeprazole 20 mg daily (n= 60). H. pylori status was assessed by 13C-urea breath test at entry and at 4 weeks post-treatment. Results: H. pylori infection was eradicated in 46% of the OA treated patients and in 92% of the OAM treated patients, a mean difference of 46% (P 〈 0.0001, 95% CI for the difference: + 30 to + 62). In only one patient was the duodenal ulcer not endoscopically healed after 4 weeks of treatment (OA 100%; OAM 98% healed). There were no significant differences in speed of symptom relief or improvement in symptoms between the two groups. Both regimens were well tolerated, with 96% of patients completing the course, and only one patient withdrawing due to an adverse event. The only side-effect with a significantly higher incidence in the OAM group was diarrhoea, which occurred in 36% of patients compared to 16% of patients in the OA group (P 〈 0.05). Conclusions: A regimen consisting of omeprazole 40 mg daily, amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s. and metronidazole 400 mg t.d.s. for 14 days gives an appreciably higher H. pylori eradication rate than omeprazole and amoxycillin alone, with acceptable tolerability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00414.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symptomatic and endoscopic duodenal ulcer relapse rates 12 months following Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment with omeprazole and amoxycillin with or without metronidazole (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim: To determine the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication with omeprazole and amoxycillin, with or without metronidazole, on the 12-month course of duodenal ulcer disease. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind study, conducted in 19 hospitals, 105 H. pylori positive duodenal ulcer patients were healed and symptom-free following either omeprazole dual therapy (omeprazole 40 mg o.m.+amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s., OA, eradication rate 46%, n=52) or omeprazole triple therapy (omeprazole 40 mg o.m.+amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s.+metronidazole 400 mg t.d.s., OAM, eradication rate 92%, n=53) for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of omeprazole 20 mg o.m. and a 12-month untreated follow-up period, after which time all patients were endoscoped. Endoscopic and symptomatic relapse rates, and effect on H. pylori status measured using 13C-urea breath test, were determined. Results: During the 12-month untreated follow-up period, the life-table endoscopic relapse rates were 12% (95% CI: 2–22%) and 2% (95% CI: 0–6%) for OA and OAM patients, respectively. By 12 months, life-table symptomatic relapse rates were 22% (95% CI: 13–37%) and 19% (95% CI: 8–30%) for OA and OAM, respectively. In the 12 months untreated follow-up period, 2/69 (3%, 95% CI: 0–7%) patients rendered H. pylori negative had an endoscopic relapse at the end of the 12-month follow-up period, compared with 5/31 (16%, 95% CI: 3–29%) patients remaining H. pylori positive (P=0.03 between H. pylori positive and negative groups). Twelve of 69 (17%, 95% CI: 8–26%) patients rendered H. pylori negative relapsed symptomatically, compared with 9/31 (29%, 95% CI: 13–45%) patients remaining H. pylori positive (P= N.S. between groups). There was a significant improvement in epigastric pain (P=0.0001), nausea and vomiting (P〈0.05) between entry to the study and 1, 6 and 12 months post-treatment for both treatment groups. Conclusions: OAM eradicates H. pylori in significantly more patients than OA, but successful H. pylori eradication with either OAM or OA predisposes to low endoscopic and symptomatic relapse rates for duodenal ulcer patients when followed up for 12 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.36178000.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflux symptom relief with omeprazole in patients without unequivocal oesophagitis (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: As many as 50% of patients with reflux symptoms have no endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis. This multicentre study was designed to assess symptom relief after omeprazole 20 mg once daily in patients with symptoms typical of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease but without endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis. Methods: Patients (n=209) were randomized in a double-blind study to receive either omeprazole 20 mg once daily (n=98) or placebo (n=111) for 4 weeks. Symptoms were assessed at clinic visits and using daily diary cards, with patient-completed questionnaires providing additional data on symptoms and on psychological disturbance. Results: On completion, symptom relief favoured omeprazole: 57% of patients on omeprazole were free of heartburn (vs. 19% on placebo), 75% were free of regurgitation (47%) and 43% were completely asymptomatic (14%), each with P〈0.0001. Fewer patients in the omeprazole group required alginate/antacid relief medication (P〈0.05). Symptom relief (time to first heartburn-free day) was more rapid with omeprazole (2 vs. 5 days on placebo; P〈0.01). A greater reduction in anxiety occurred in the omeprazole group (P〈0.05). Conclusion: Omeprazole 20 mg once daily is effective in providing relief of the symptoms typical of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with essentially normal oesophageal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.44186000.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omeprazole is more effective than cimetidine for the relief of all grades of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-associated heartburn, irrespective of the presence or absence of endoscopic oesophagitis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Previous studies have demonstrated greater efficacy for omeprazole compared with cimetidine in patients with endoscopically verified oesophagitis, but excluded the substantial group of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients with reflux symptoms but without endoscopic abnormality. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared omeprazole and cimetidine in the treatment of GERD-associated heartburn both in patients with symptomatic non-ulcerative oesophagitis and in those with heartburn but without oesophagitis. Methods: A total of 221 patients with heartburn and oesophageal mucosa grade 0 (normal, n = 51), 1 (no macroscopic erosions, n = 52), 2 (isolated erosions, n = 97) or 3 (confluent erosions, n = 21) were randomized to receive double-blind either omeprazole 20 mg daily or cimetidine 400 mg q.d.s. for a period of 4 weeks. Those still symptomatic after 4 weeks of treatment received omeprazole 20 mg daily for a further 4 weeks. Results: There was no correlation between severity of heartburn and endoscopic grade at entry (correlation coefficient = 0.196). After 4 weeks of treatment, the proportion of patients in whom heartburn was controlled (no more than mild symptoms on no more than 1 day in the previous 7) on omeprazole (66%; 74/112) was more than double that on cimetidine (31%; 34/109) (P 〈 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the relief of heartburn in the 47% of patients without unequivocal oesophagitis (endoscopic grade 0 or 1) and in the 53% of patients with erosive oesophagitis (grade 2 or 3) (P = 0.31). Only treatment with omeprazole (P 〈 0.0001) and lower severity of heartburn at entry (P 〈 0.01) were significant in predicting heartburn relief. Amongst those patients requiring an additional 4 weeks of treatment with omeprazole, 67% (54/81) reported that their heartburn was controlled after 8 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: We conclude that omeprazole is superior to cimetidine for the relief of all grades of heartburn in GERD, whether or not the patient has unequivocal endoscopic oesophagitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00198.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel aqueous sol–gel preparation and characterization of barium M ferrite, BaFe12O19 fibres (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Gel fibres of barium M ferrite, BaFe12O19, were blow spun from an aqueous inorganic sol and calcined at temperatures up to 1200°C. The ceramic fibres were shown by X-ray diffraction to be single phase crystalline M ferrite at 1000°C, and surface area and porosity measurements indicated an unusually high degree of sintering at this temperature. The fibres also demonstrated a favourable grain structure of less than 0.1 μm at this temperature and maintained a small grain size of less than 4 μm even up to 1200°C, an important factor in the magnetic properties of this material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018593014378
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Co2Y ferrite, Ba2Co2Fe12O22 fibres produced by a blow spun process (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Gel fibres of Co2Y,Ba2Co2Fe12O22, were blow spun from an aqueous inorganic sol and calcined at temperatures of up to 1200°C. The ceramic fibres were shown by X-ray diffraction to form crystalline Co2Y at 1000°C, and surface area and porosity measurements indicated an unusually high degree of sintering at this temperature. The fibres also demonstrated a small grain size of 1–3 μm across the hexagonal plane and 0.1–0.3 μm thickness at 1000°C. This only increased to 3 μm in diameter and 1 μm thickness even at temperature up to 1200°C. The fibrous nature combined with the improved microstructures could be an important factor in improving the magnetic properties of this material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018549232125
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blow spun strontium zirconate fibres produced from a sol-gel precursor (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 3229-3232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A zirconium sol was produced from the hydrolysis and immediate peptization of a zirconium alkoxide, which was found to be stable with the addition of a large proportion of a strontium salt, even up to equimolar amounts. Get fibres were successfully blow spun from this doped sol, which on subsequent heating produced ceramic fibres of orthorhombic strontium zirconate. The fibres were characterized by various techniques. The fibres were found to begin forming SrZrO3 at 400°C and were present as single phase orthorhombic strontium zirconate at 800°C and above. The ceramic fibres had no discernible grain structure and the average crystallite size was calculated to be only 20 nm at this temperature, but the fibres contained small surface pores (〈 0.2 μm) which continued to increase in size on subsequent heating, resulting in a weak and brittle fibre. Therefore, more investigation is required into sintering and the development of high temperature properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013225224143
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The comparison of alumina and zirconia fibres using simple thermal and mechanical techniques (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 1277-1279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The laboratory development of sol/gel ceramic fibres requires rapid objective means of assessing the mechanical and thermal properties of a product at the earliest stages of preparation. The merits of a simple tumbling test, leading to a fibre friability index, and the Bend Stress Relaxation test, which gives a high temperature creep rating, are demonstrated on commercial Saffil and Safimax alumina fibres and a development Saffil zirconia fibre, each in staple blanket form. Measurements on Altex continuous alumina/silica fibre and Nicalon are also presented. Standard and off specification alumina fibres are readily distinguished by their friability indices which correlate with the fibre strain to break. Saffil and Safimax alumina are comparable to Nicalonin terms of creep and superior to Altex. Saffil zirconia approaches alumina creep performance after post firing to 1250°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004533612141
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