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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between cyclooxygenase-2-expressing macrophages, ulceration and microvessel density in colorectal cancer (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 46 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : In colorectal carcinomas, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed predominantly by epithelial cells and is implicated in tumour progression. Tumour-associated macrophages may influence tumour growth, proliferative rate and angiogenesis and also express COX-2 when activated. Thus they may play an important stromal-epithelial role in carcinogenesis. Τhe aim of this study was to define the relationship between microvessel density (MVD), tumour COX-2 and macrophage COX-2 expression.Methods and results : Sixty-five cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer were included in the study. Tissues were immunostained for COX-2, CD68 (macrophage marker) and CD34 (endothelial marker to assess MVD). Thirty-six cases were grossly ulcerated cancers and 29 cases showed focal/microscopic ulceration. Macrophages were in high concentration at the base of ulcerated areas, and were also diffusely dispersed within tumoral stroma. However, the pattern of macrophage COX-2 expression revealed two populations of macrophages—those deep within the tumour (negative for COX-2) and those at the base of ulcers (positive for COX-2). In all cases, the tumour epithelial cells expressed COX-2. MVD was higher at the base of ulcers, adjacent to COX-2+ macrophages, and was lower deep within the tumour.Conclusions : In colorectal cancers, macrophages may have a dual role. Those concentrated at the base of the ulcers, where there is an associated high MVD, may induce angiogenesis, but their function may be in a healing/repair process. The lack of COX-2+ macrophages and lower MVD deep within the tumour suggests that it may be the epithelial COX-2 component that is important in tumour progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02083.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeat prescribing of ulcer healing drugs in general practice—prevalence and underlying diagnosis (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The long-term use of ulcer healing drugs in the management of dyspepsia is controversial. We have investigated repeat prescribing of these drugs in a general practice population. Aims: To identify the number of patients authorized to receive repeat prescriptions for ulcer healing drugs, and to review the investigation status and diagnosis in these patients. Subjects: A total of 15495 patients registered with eight general practitioners in seven general practices in Dundee, UK. Methods: Case ascertainment by review of practice repeat prescribing registers. Data regarding investigation and diagnosis obtained by retrospective review of general practice case records. Results: Six hundred and seventy-nine (4.4% of the total population) were authorized to receive repeat prescriptions for ulcer healing drugs. Six hundred and fifty-one (4.2%) were authorized to receive repeat prescriptions for H2-antagonists. Ranitidine was prescribed in 583 (86% of patients receiving ulcer healing drugs). Endoscopy had been performed in 426 (63%) and barium meal alone in 113 (17%); 140 (21%) had not been investigated. A diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease or oesophagitis was established in 382 (56%). However, 157 investigated patients (23% of all patients on ulcer healing drugs) did not have a peptic diagnosis. Conclusions: The prevalence of repeat prescribing of ulcer healing drugs in the general practice population studied was 4.4%, but 44% of these patients did not have a confirmed diagnosis of acid peptic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.717897000.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ranitidine bismuth citrate and aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective action of a new compound, ranitidine bismuth citrate, in the prevention of aspirin-induced acute mucosal injury to the upper gastrointestinal tract of healthy human volunteers. In a double-blind randomized three-way cross-over study 24 male volunteers received placebo, 900 mg aspirin or 900 mg aspirin and 800 mg ranitidine bismuth citrate at 12-h intervals for nine doses with a 2-week wash-out period between each treatment. The median (interquartile range) number of erosions seen at endoscopy when ranitidine bismuth citrate was given with aspirin (1 [0–4]) was significantly lower than aspirin alone (24 [16–32]) (P 〈 0.001) and not significantly different from either baseline or placebo (0 [0–2]). These findings were similarly reflected in the effects on microbleeding following the ninth dose: 12.1 (7.1–21.0) μL/10 min following aspirin alone compared to levels with placebo of 1.2 (0.4–2.9), and with aspirin and ranitidine bismuth citrate of 1.6 (0.8–2.6) (P 〈 0.005). Ranitidine bismuth citrate conferred substantial protection from aspirin-induced injury to the gastric and duodenal mucosa as determined by both endoscopic assessment and microbleeding rates, reducing injury to placebo levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00127.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omeprazole is more effective than cimetidine for the relief of all grades of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-associated heartburn, irrespective of the presence or absence of endoscopic oesophagitis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Previous studies have demonstrated greater efficacy for omeprazole compared with cimetidine in patients with endoscopically verified oesophagitis, but excluded the substantial group of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients with reflux symptoms but without endoscopic abnormality. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared omeprazole and cimetidine in the treatment of GERD-associated heartburn both in patients with symptomatic non-ulcerative oesophagitis and in those with heartburn but without oesophagitis. Methods: A total of 221 patients with heartburn and oesophageal mucosa grade 0 (normal, n = 51), 1 (no macroscopic erosions, n = 52), 2 (isolated erosions, n = 97) or 3 (confluent erosions, n = 21) were randomized to receive double-blind either omeprazole 20 mg daily or cimetidine 400 mg q.d.s. for a period of 4 weeks. Those still symptomatic after 4 weeks of treatment received omeprazole 20 mg daily for a further 4 weeks. Results: There was no correlation between severity of heartburn and endoscopic grade at entry (correlation coefficient = 0.196). After 4 weeks of treatment, the proportion of patients in whom heartburn was controlled (no more than mild symptoms on no more than 1 day in the previous 7) on omeprazole (66%; 74/112) was more than double that on cimetidine (31%; 34/109) (P 〈 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the relief of heartburn in the 47% of patients without unequivocal oesophagitis (endoscopic grade 0 or 1) and in the 53% of patients with erosive oesophagitis (grade 2 or 3) (P = 0.31). Only treatment with omeprazole (P 〈 0.0001) and lower severity of heartburn at entry (P 〈 0.01) were significant in predicting heartburn relief. Amongst those patients requiring an additional 4 weeks of treatment with omeprazole, 67% (54/81) reported that their heartburn was controlled after 8 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: We conclude that omeprazole is superior to cimetidine for the relief of all grades of heartburn in GERD, whether or not the patient has unequivocal endoscopic oesophagitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00198.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H2-antagonist maintenance therapy versus Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer disease: a prospective study (1998)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Few outcome studies directly compare Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy with maintenance H2-antagonist therapy in duodenal ulcer disease.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To examine prospectively the efficacy of H. pylori eradication therapy with ranitidine maintenance therapy over 1 year in patients with confirmed chronic duodenal ulcer.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:One hundred and nineteen patients with active H. pylori infection were randomized to receive ranitidine, 150 mg/day initially (58 patients), or omeprazole, 40 mg/day, amoxycillin 2 g/day and metronidazole 1.2 g/day for 14 days, or omeprazole 40 mg/day and clarithromycin 1.5 g/day, for 14 days (if penicillin-allergic). Symptoms were assessed using the Gastro-intestinal System Rating Scale (GSRS) and SF36 quality of life index.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: 13C urea breath testing confirmed overall treatment success in 100% of patients (58/58) per protocol and 95.1% (58/61) on an intention-to-treat basis. At 4 and 12 months there were no differences in any GSRS symptoms between treatment groups. SF36 analysis showed a perceived health improvement at 4 and 12 months in patients who received H. pylori eradication. However, despite successful H. pylori eradication, one-fifth of patients still required antisecretory therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Following successful H. pylori eradication, chronic duodenal ulcer patients were at least as well symptomatically as when taking maintenance ranitidine. They perceived that their health had improved, but a subgroup was still acid-suppression dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00391.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of indomethacin and misoprostol on fasted gallbladder volume and meal-induced gallbladder contractility in humans (1992)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 37 (1992), S. 1228-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gallbladder contractility ; prostaglandins ; indomethacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Impaired gallbladder contractility is a prerequisite for gallstone formation in animal models. Prostaglandins are important mediators of gallstone formation and may affect gallbladder contractility in animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, and misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin, on gallbladder contractility in man. Seven male volunteers (18–33 years old, mean age 23 years) were studied under blinded conditions after an overnight fast, during control periods and following ingestion of indomethacin 125 mg (75 mg at 10PM, 50 mg at 6∶30AM) or misoprostol 800 μg (400 μg at 10 PM, 400 μg at 6∶30 AM) orally. Gallbladder residual volume was determined by real-time ultrasonography before and 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min after ingestion of a standard liquid fatty meal stimulus. Fasting gallbladder volume (milliliters) was similar in all three periods [control 20.8 (1.6);indomethacin 20.8 (2.9); misoprostol 18.3 (1.6)]. The fatty meal stimulus caused prompt contraction, resulting in minimum residual volume of 7.5 (1.4) ml in the control period. Pretreatment with misoprostol or indomethacin did not affect the minimum volume obtained compared with control period [misoprostol: 5.8 (1.4) ml; indomethacin 5.9 (1.3) ml)]. Thus administration of indomethacin and misoprostol had no effect on fasting gallbladder volume or gallbladder contractility in humans as assessed by ultrasonography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296564
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method for sodium sulfide removal from an aqueous solution and application to industrial wastewater and sludge (1979)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 11 (1979), S. 23-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The catalyst activities for Na2S oxidation in aqueous solution were examined for various materials such as activated carbon, carbon black, ferric salts, hydroquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 1,4-naphthoquinone, and their mixed systems. The following conclusions have been drawn: (1) These catalyst systems are all active. (2) The effect of carbon black-ferric sulfate-system or hydroquinone-ferric chloride-system on oxidation efficiency is larger than that of carbon black or hydroquinone alone. (3) In case of carbon black system, the experimentally determined requirement of air is, respectively, about 40, 15, and 10 times larger than theoretical, corresponding to the runs of no catalyst, carbon black, and carbon black-ferric sulfate-system. In case of hydroquinone system, air requirements are, respectively, about 40, 15 and 8 times, corresponding to the runs of no catalyst, hydroquinone-ferric chloride-system and hydroquinone-ferric chloride-ammonium peroxydisulfate-system. (4) Application of the catalyst systems studied was made to wastewater and sludge treatments. These catalyst systems gave good results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163516
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