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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of hydrogen in excimer-laser-induced damage of fused silica (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2809-2815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to probe defect reactions in fused silica during 193 nm ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment. Hydrogen concentration and Carr–Purcell measurements indicate that the majority of hydrogen atoms are isolated and do not segregate or evolve from the fused silica during annealing or irradiation. Previously, NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements have revealed that a small fraction of hydrogen in fused silica exists as centers that undergo molecular motion and are consumed during annealing. Here, a detailed analysis of the NMR spin-lattice relaxation behavior is used to support the identification of this center as a pair of adjacent silanol groups. These silanol pairs react during annealing to form a strained bond, thus increasing the susceptibility of fused silica to E' formation. Excimer laser irradiation, like thermal treatment, is shown to directly reduce the number of relaxation centers in the material. The measured dependence of spin-lattice relaxation as a function of irradiation for identically prepared samples is consistent with silanol pair center consumption by a two-photon process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353057
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective area laser photodeposition of transparent conductive SnO2 films (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1631-1633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The deposition of SnO2 films has been demonstrated using an ArF (193 nm) excimer laser to drive the photochemical reactions of mixed SnCl4 and N2 O vapors. Without any annealing, films 100 nm thick grown on room-temperature substrates have resistivities as low as 0.04 Ω cm. The optical band gap of 3.20 eV and transmission cutoff wavelength of 330 nm compare favorably with the best films obtained using alternate higher temperature techniques. Subsequent annealing does not increase the film's conductivity. Selective area growth of 10-μm-wide lines has been performed using proximity printing. The maximum temperature excursion during the laser pulse is estimated to be 300–400 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101395
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of excimer laser irradiation on the transmission, index of refraction, and density of ultraviolet grade fused silica (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 1276-1278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Radiation-induced changes in high-purity fused silica during prolonged irradiation with a pulsed laser at 193 nm have been studied. Radiolytically induced UV absorption bands, an increase in index of refraction, and stress birefringence are observed. The formation mechanisms are analyzed in terms of radiolytic atomic rearrangement of a-SiO2 initiated by two-photon absorption. The quantum efficiency for the formation of E' point defects per pair of absorbed 193 nm photons has been determined to be ∼7.5×10−4; matrix compaction, as high as a few parts in 10−5, is identified as the source of the birefringence and index change. It has been further observed that E' centers can be photobleached.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102471
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible laser chemically induced phase transformations in thin-film Ba2YCu3Ox superconductors (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 404-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Phase transformations of a thin film of Ba2YCu3Ox were induced with a focused laser beam in chemical ambients. The transformations, involving superconductive and nonsuperconductive phases, are achieved rapidly and with a high degree of spatial control. They are fully reversible, and the appropriate processing parameters have been studied. These effects are interpreted within present models, which relate the superconducting properties of Ba2YCu3Ox to its oxygen content and crystalline structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99452
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature laser deposition of tungsten by silane- and disilane-assisted reactions (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1072-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A reaction, based on tungsten hexafluoride chemically reduced by silicon hydride vapors, has been developed for low-temperature laser deposition of high-purity tungsten. Compared to previous tungsten deposition methods, the new (pyrolytic) process requires very little thermal energy for initiation and propagation of the scanned reaction. WF6 and SiH4 (or Si2H6) mixtures have been optimized to yield tungsten interconnect lines with abrupt square cross section and conductivities of 12–25 μΩ cm. Impurity levels are below the detection limits of Auger spectroscopy. Lines 3–20 μm in width and 0.1–4 μm in thickness are written at scan speeds of ∼100 μm/s. Argon-ion laser powers (488 nm) are typically 30–60 mW, corresponding to reaction temperatures sufficiently low for direct writing on polyimide dielectrics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102569
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical, crystallographic, and optical properties of ArF laser modified diamond surfaces (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2295-2297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pulses of 193 nm radiation from an ArF laser with energies exceeding 0.5 J/cm2 have been shown to modify 40–60 nm thick layers of {100} and {110} oriented diamond surfaces. These layers exhibit highly anisotropic electrical and optical properties which have principal in-plane axes along the 〈110〉 directions. The minimum resistance is (4–10)×10−4 Ω cm, and minimum in the optical transmittance and maximum in the reflectance occur when the electric field vector of the incident polarized light is aligned along the low resistance direction. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the modified layer primarily consists of unidentified graphite-like carbon phases embedded in diamond. The first-order electron diffraction spots correspond to lattice spacings of 0.123, 0.305, and 0.334 nm. The modified layer is stable at 1800 °C, forms ohmic contacts to type IIb diamond, and supports epitaxial diamond growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102042
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of hydrogenated defects in fused silica caused by thermal treatment and deep ultraviolet irradiation (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1667-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to study hydrogen in fused silica for the first time. The 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T1) in synthetic fused silica was found to be strongly affected by thermal treatments, correlating with the concentration of E' centers produced during subsequent 193-nm excimer-laser irradiation. In addition, the relative proportion of the two components in the NMR spectrum were affected by thermal treatment, although no change in the total hydrogen content was observed. The broad NMR component, because of its linewidth and dependence upon thermal processing, is postulated to be a direct signature of the NMR relaxation centers. These results are interpreted within the framework of a model in which pairs of silanol groups are consumed during thermal treatment, forming a strained bond which is susceptible to E' center formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107231
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimer-laser-induced sub-0.5-μm patterning of WO3 thin films (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1790-1792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous WO3 thin films have been deposited in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, and were patterned with a 193-nm excimer laser (one pulse, 10–25 mJ/cm2). Negative-tone, sub-0.5-μm lines and spaces were obtained following dry development in a low-power CF4 plasma. The mechanism for laser-induced etch selectivity was studied with angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was inferred from the fluorine photoelectron spectra that the laser induces atomic rearrangements that impede the etch process initiated by fluorine-containing radicals. A possible interpretation is that the rearrangements, which may be partially thermally activated, reduce the volume of the microvoids present in WO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual findings in a case of suicide with a gas weapon (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 106 (1994), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Gas weapons ; Starter pistols ; Air embolism ; Gaswaffen ; Schreckschußwaffen ; Luftembolie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Suizid mit einer Gaspistole berichtet, die mit 8-mm-Platzpatronen geladen war. Der 58-jährige Mann hatte sich zunächst in die Schläfe und anschließend in den Nacken geschossen. Hierbei waren tiefreichende, beschmauchte Wundhöhlen entstanden. Die Weichteile waren alleine durch die explodierenden Gase geschädigt worden. Todesursache war eine Luft/Gasembolie.
    Notes: Summary Case report on a suicide with a gas pistol loaded with 8 mm blank cartridges. A 58-year-old male shot himself in the right temple and then in the back of the neck. The contact shot wounds showed large wound cavities with interspersed powder particles. The soft tissues were injured solely by the pressure of the exploding powder. Death was due to an air/gas embolism in the right ventricle of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225420
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different effects of furosemide on alpha-adrenoceptors and on platelet aggregation in man (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 624-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Platelet aggregation ; Furosemide ; Adrenoceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a long-term administration of furosemide (2×30 mg/day for 3 weeks) on platelet α2-adrenoceptor density and the fraction of high-affinity binding sites, as well as on platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline and ADP, was studied ex vivo in 8 normotensive volunteers. For comparison the in vitro effect of furosemide on platelet aggregation was also evaluated. Furosemide decreased α2-adrenoceptor-density (P〈0.01) and the fraction of high-affinity binding sites (P〈0.05). Adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation was not altered ex vivo and in vitro. Furosemide inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo (P〈0.05) and in parallel in vitro (P〈0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction of the density of α2-adrenoceptors in the high affinity state may be of functional importance for the hemodynamic effects of furosemide. The inhibitory effect of furosemide on ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo and in vitro, which is not related to the effects on adrenoceptors, seems to involve direct effects of furosemide on platelet function. It remains to be seen whether the latter effect is of clinical importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728803
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