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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: CIAA ; CF-ICA ; Beta-cell function ; IVGTT ; HLA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Out of a random population of 4208 non-diabetic pupils without a family history of Type I diabetes 44 (1.05%) individuals had islet cell antibody (ICA) levels greater or equal to 5 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (JDF) units. 39 of these ICA-positives could be repeatedly tested for circulating insulin autoantibodies (CIAA) using a competitive radiobinding assay. The results were compared with the insulin responses in the intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and with HLA types. Six pupils were positive for CIAA. All of them had complement-fixing ICA, and 5 of them were HLA-DR4 positive. Three of the 6 showed a first-phase insulin response below the first percentile of normal controls. Our data indicate that in population-based studies CIAA can be considered as a high risk marker for impaired beta-cell function in non-diabetic ICA-positive individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 30 (1952), S. 56-59 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone ; RIA-TRH ; Pharmacokinetics ; Hypothyroidism ; Hyperthyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were assessed following an i.v. injection in blood of ten hyperthyroid, ten hypothyroid, and six normal subjects. A single-compartment model was employed. After methanol extraction, TRH concentrations were analyzed using a specific radioimmunoassay technique combined with fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). As for the basal levels of TRH, no differences were observed in either study group. Peak concentrations were always present two min after the injection of TRH. In the euthyroid subjects, TRH blood levels had a half-life (t 1/2) of 6.5±0.41 min, mean±SD, whilet 1/2 was 7.2±0.62 min in the hyperthyroid andt 1/2 was 12±1.67 min (p〈0.001) in the hypothyroid patients. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) (82.2±15.3 liters/m2/day vs. 89.8±17.2) and the volume of distribution (Vd) (7.1±4.2 liters vs. 7.3±3.4) were approximately the same in the normal subjects and in the hyperthyroid group. MCR (66.2±15.3 Iiters/m2/day) and Vd (6.2±3.3 liters) were found to be lower in the hypothyroid patients. In FPLC, when TRH was added to plasma, it eluted in one peak. Blood samples taken 5 min after TRH i.v. injection had an elution profile of 9.94 ml. These data indicate that 1) TRH has a very short half-life, 2) hypothyroidism can prolong thet 1/2 of exogenous TRH, and 3) when TRH should be used in clinical studies, the function of the thyroid gland has to be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Coronary artery disease ; Sex hormones ; Obesity ; Body fat distribution ; Angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between circulating sex hormone levels and the occurrence of coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied in a group of 274 men undergoing coronary angiography. Hormone levels in men with CAD (n=200) were compared to those in men found to be free of coronary lesions (n=74). No significant differences were found for serum concentrations of estradiol, total testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, or cortisol between the two groups. Serum androgens were negatively correlated to age in both groups, whereas estradiol was weakly associated with total cholesterol in the group of men without CAD. No consistent associations were detected between sex hormone levels and the degree of obesity or the distribution of body fat, the latter being assessed by the ratio of waist-to-hip circumferences. The results of this study do not support a significant role of sex steroid hormones in coronary artery disease in men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 193 (1951), S. 99-117 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 30 (1952), S. 1023-1025 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach unspezifischer Belastung kommt es infolge der Stimulierung des Hypophysennebennierenrindensystems zu einer Hemmung der Zellteilungsfähigkeit im Thymus, die als quantitativer Test im Tierexperiment zum Nachweis einer Nebennierenrinden-Aktivierung verwandt werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 495-500 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: T3-hyperthyroidism ; Endogenous labelling of T4 and T3 ; T4-deiodination ; T3-production ; r-T3-formation ; T3-Hyperthyreose ; Endogene Markierung von T4 und T3 ; T4-Dejodination ; T3-Produktion ; r-T3-Bildung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der T3-Hyperthyreose ist im Vergleich zu der T4/T3-Hyperthyreose nur das T3 erhöht, während das T4 und das r-T3 im Normbereich liegen. Die endogene Markierung des T4 ist auch bei der T3-Hyperthyreose erhöht, so daß eine vermehrte T4-Sekretion angenommen werden muß. Die normalen T4-Konzentrationen dürften aus einer verstärkten T4-Dejodination resultieren. Als Ursache für das hohe T3 bei gleichzeitig normalem r-T3 wird eine Richtungsumkehr der Dejodination des T4 zum T3 zu ungunsten des r-T3 diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In contrast to T4/T3-hyperthyroidism, where T4, T3, and r-T3 serum concentrations (SC) are elevated, in T3-hyperthyroidism the T3-SC alone is increased, whereas T4-SC is normal and r-T3 may be decreased. Endogenous labelling of T4 with131I is increased in T3-hyperthyroidism similarly as in T4/T3-hyperthyroidism, clearly reflecting an increased thyroidal formation of T4 in T3-hyperthyroidism. The contradiction of a normal SC of T4 in the presence of enhanced thyroidal formation of T4 may be explained by increased peripheral T4-deiodination. Since in T3-hyperthyroidism T3-SC are elevated whereas r-T3-SC are decreased, there is good evidence for a shift in T4 conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Insulin ; C-peptide ; Diabetes ; Pituitary function ; Gastric acid secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of somatostatinoma syndrome in a 30-year-old woman is presented. Basal levels of growth hormone and of pancreatic and gastric hormones were reduced and the response of growth hormone, insulin and C-peptide to stimuli such as arginine, glucose, glibenclamide and calcium was virtually abolished. Similarly, gastric acid secretion, pancreatic exocrine function and intestinal absorption were significantly reduced. On the other hand, basal and stimulated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were within the normal range. Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was increased to 600 2,000 pg/ml (normal: 88–140 pg/ml). Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of somatostatin immunoreactive material in the primary tumour in the head of the pancreas and in the liver metastases. In spite of two courses of chemotherapy with streptozotocin and 5-fluorouracil the patient died due to liver failure 5 months after the first admission to hospital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; Adrenergic receptors ; Orthostatic hypotension ; β-Blocking agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a 30-year-old male patient is reported. He was admitted to the hospital because of severe diabetic neuropathy, predominantly in the lower extremities. Signs of autonomic neuropathy were not evident but the patient had severe orthostatic hypotension. Circulating catecholamine concentrations were normal; however, the blood pressure response to infused norepinephrine was reduced ten-fold compared to a group of normals. An improvement of the blood pressure response to sympathomimetic drugs was accomplished during the simultaneous administration of propranolol, a β-receptor blocking agent. The present data suggest a possible defect of the adrenergic receptor system in response to sympathomimetic drugs while the release of catecholamines and the function of the parasympathetic nervous system appears to be intact. Treatment with β-blocking agents such as propranolol as an adjunct to sympathomimetics seems to be a promising approach which might deserve further consideration in similar cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 738-744 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Insulin infusion ; Artificial endocrine pancreas ; Glucose-controlled insulin infusion system ; Insulin therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In nine insulin-dependent diabetics postprandial glucose control under closed loop insulin infusion by an artificial endocrine pancreas was compared with that obtained under open loop infusion employing identical infusion profiles which were advanced 20 min by time in the case of open loop infusion. The earlier increase of insulin infusion rates in the latter case resulted in lower postprandial glucose concentrations during the first 90 min after meal intake. Incremental areas under the blood glucose curves during this time were significantly lower when insulin infusion rates rose earlier (4.5×103±0.5×103 vs 2.1×103±0.6×103 mg/dl×min;p〈0.02). Insulin was administered at maximum rates 45–50 min after the start of the meal during closed loop infusion (196±38 mU/min) and 25–30 min after the meal during open loop infusion (192±35 mU/min). Correspondingly, mean free insulin concentrations which are available from six patients rose to 135±47 (40 min) or 141±50 µU/ml (20 min). Glucagon levels did not differ between both parts of the study. It is concluded that increases of post-prandial insulin infusion rates occurring earlier than increases of blood glucose levels are important for optimizing glucose profiles and possibly reflect physiologic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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