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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • Chemistry  (4)
  • Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy  (1)
  • Drug monitoring  (1)
  • Light scattering
  • Once daily treatment
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Soluble interleukin-2 receptors ; Type 1 diabetes ; Type 2 diabetes ; Prediabetes ; Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interleukin-2 receptors are released in the circulation in response to antigenic or mytogenic stimulation of T-lymphocytes. Abnormal serum interleukin-2 receptor levels have been found in young children with type 1 diabetes and “prediabetes.” We measured interleukin-2 receptor levels in 17 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, 21 patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes, 19 patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes, 19 islet-cell antibody positive nondiabetic polyendocrine patients, 12 islet-cell antibody-positive first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes and compared the results to age- and sex-matched normal controls. We found significantly lower interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with newly diagnosed and long-standing type 1 diabetes compared to normal controls (87 ± 11 and 93 ± 11 vs. 142 ± 25 and 132 ± 40 U/ml, P 〈 0.001 and P 〈 0.01). There were no significant differences in interleukin-2 receptor levels between prediabetic groups and normal controls or patients with long-standing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There was no correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin, blood glucose levels, and interleukin-2 receptor in the groups with long-standing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We conclude that patients with type 1 diabetes have low interleukin-2 receptor serum levels. This phenomenon is acquired close to disease onset and is unlikely to be an early markers of type 1 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 19 (1993), S. 215-220 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Aminoglycosides ; Drug monitoring ; Netilmicin ; Peak concentration ; Once daily treatment ; Thrice daily treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives To investigate at what time the peak level should be determined under conventional thrice daily (t.i.d.) administration of the aminoglycoside netilmicin and to study its serum concentrations under once daily (od) treatment to define the required daily dose and to gain information about convenient drug monitoring. Design The design of the study was a consecutive sample trial. Setting The study took place in a university hospital. Patients 41 intubated patients of a surgical ICU who received netilmicin as a short-term infusion over 30 min for life-threatening infections were included in the study. Interventions In 21 patients netilmicin was administered t.i.d. The virtual peak levels which had been determined by pharmacokinetic dosage calculation were compared with the serum concentrations obtained directly after the administration as well as after 15, 30, 60 and 180 min. In 20 patients the netilmicin serum concentrations during od treatment were determined directly before and immediately after the application as well as 0.5, 1, 3, 7 and 12 h later. To achieve a virtual peak level of 25 mg/l and a trough level of 0.5 mg/l individual adjustment of the dosage based on pharmacokinetic calculations was performed. Measurements and results In t.i.d. treatment the serum concentration measured after 30 min was closest to the virtual peak level; therefore, this is the best time to determine the peak level. In od treatment the required daily dose was 7.86 mg/kg body weight (median) in patients with normal renal function. During od dosing the trough level was extremely important in drug monitoring, whereas determination of the high peak level was of doubtful value. Conclusions The peak level should be determined during t.i.d. administration at 30 min. In od treatment the initial daily dose should be 7 mg/kg body weight; in drug monitoring the trough level is very important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1483-1490 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The sizes of dissolved polymers can be estimated a priori at infinite dilution and under theta conditions from existing theories. The effects of concentration can be calculated by assuming that the hydrodynamic volume decreases from a maximum value at infinite dilution toward the theta condition volume, which is reached when the volume fraction of solvated polymer in solution is unity. The predicted hydrodynamic volumes coincide with results of small-angle x-ray scattering and effects of solvent and concentration on gel permeation chromatography elution volumes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 870-871 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Linear poly(dimethyl siloxanes) bearing vinyl groups can be converted to crosslinked products by photoinitiated formation of radicals. In chloroform solution the quantum yield indicated by the decrease in double bonds (ΦP) assumes values of 0.9 to 2.5, depending on the type of initiator. It decreases with rising silicon concentration. A ΦP-value of 0.01can be extrapolated for solvent free systems. Under these conditions network formation is particularly efficient with benzoin derivatives. As the content of vinyl groups increases the network density also rises. As is demonstrated by IR spectroscopic studies on benzoin derivatives as initiators and by characterization of the networks built up this way, network formation is almost exclusively due to the vinyl groups.
    Notes: Lineare vinylgruppenhaltige Poly(dimethylsiloxane) können durch eine photoinitiierte Radikalbildung in vernetzte Proben überführt werden. In CHCI3-Lösungen erreichen die Quantenausbeuten der Doppelbindungsabnahme (Φp) Werte von 0,9 bis 2,5 Sie hängen vom Initiatortyp ab und sinken bei Erhöhung der Siliconkonzentration. Für lösungsmittelfreie Systeme kann ein ΦP-Wert von 0,01 extrapoliert werden. Unter solchen Bedingungen erfolgt die Netzwerkbildung besonders effektiv mit Benzoinderivaten. Mit steigendem Vinylgruppengehalt der Silicone erhöht sich die Netzwerkdichte. IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen mit Benzoinderivaten als Initiator und die Charakterisierung der entstandenen Netzwerke zeigen, daß die Netzwerkbildung fast ausschließlich über die Vinylgruppen abläuft.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Halosilane Adducts. XIV. Neutral Ligand Complexes of Silicon Containing Six N-Donor Atoms[Si · 3 bipy]4+ is obtained in high yield by the oxidation of Si · 3 bipy with the halogens. [Si · 3 bipy]I4 may also be prepared by directly reacting SiI4 and bipy in the melt. Phen and SiI4 yield [Si · 3 phen]I4 under the same conditions. Mimi and vimi and dimi react with SiI4 in CHCl3 to give [Si · 6 L]I4 (L = mimi, vimi) and [Si · 3 dimi]I4. Thiazole and pyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, on the other hand, yield 1:4 complexes, isoxazole does not react at all. The complex stoichiometry is dependant on the basicity and the structure of the ligands. The 1:4 complexes are easily hydrolysed whereas the N-hexacoordinated complexes are very resistant against solvolysis. They are soluble in water without decomposition. Spectroscopic investigations (i.r., u.v., 1H-nmr) prove the presence of octahedral complex cations of the charge +4 according to the given formulae for the solid and dissolved compounds. Complete anion-exchange is possible. Using ion-exchangers the complexes [Si · 6(3)L](ClO4)4 are obtained.
    Notes: [Si · 3 bipy]4+ wird in hoher Ausbeute durch Oxydation von Si · 3 bipy mit Halogen erhalten. Die Darstellung von [Si · 3 bipy]I4 gelingt auch durch direkte Reaktion von SiI4 und bipy in der Schmelze. Mit phen wird unter gleichen Bedingungen [Si · 3 phen]I4 gebildet. 1-Methyl(Vinyl)-imidazol (mimi, vimi) und 1,1′-Dimethyl-2,2′-diimidazol (dimi) reagieren mit SiI4 in CHCl3 zu [Si · 6 L]I4 (L = mimi, vimi) und [Si · 3 dimi]I4. Mit Thiazol, Pyridin und 4-Dimethyl-aminopyridin werden 1:4 Komplexe, mit Isoxazol keine Reaktion erhalten. Die Komplexstöchiometrie hängt von Basizität und Struktur der Liganden ab. Die 1:4 Komplexe sind hydrolyseempfindlich, die N-hexakoordinierten Komplexe sehr solvolysebeständig. Sie sind unzersetzt in Wasser löslich. Spektroskopische Untersuchungen (IR, UV, 1H-NMR) weisen für die festen und gelösten Titelverbindungen oktaedrische Komplexkationen der Ladung 4+ entsprechend den gegebenen Formeln nach. Über Ionenaustauscher ist vollständiger Anionenaustausch möglich. Mit dieser Methode werden die Komplexe [Si · 6(3)L](ClO4)4 dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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