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  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1965-1969  (8)
  • Chemistry  (16)
  • 25.40.Sc  (1)
  • Antikörper  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation of gold projectiles: From evaporation to total disassembly (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 340 (1991), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.40.Sc ; 25.70.Np
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al and Cu at an incident energy ofE/A=600 MeV. The employed inverse kinematics allowed a nearly complete detection of projectile fragments with chargeZ≧2. The recorded fragmentation events were sorted according to three observables, the multiplicityM lp of light charged particles, the largest atomic numberZ max within an event, and a new observable,Z bound, representing the sum of the atomic numbersZ of all fragments withZ≧2. Using these observables, the impact parameter dependence of the fragmentation process was investigated. For all three targets, a maximum mean multiplicity of 3 to 4 intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) is observed. The corresponding impact parameters range from central collisions for theC target to increasingly peripheral collisions for the heavier targets. It is found that the correlation between the IMF multiplicity andZ bound, extending from evaporation type processes (largeZ bound) to the total disassembly of the projectile (smallZ bound), is independent of the target nucleus. This universal behaviour may suggest an — at least partial — equilibration of the projectile fragment prior to its decay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294674
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die Antigenkomponenten der Parathyreoidea (1968)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 147 (1968), S. 236-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Parathyroid gland ; Parathormone ; Antibodies ; Antigens ; Nebenschilddrüse ; Parathormon ; Antikörper ; Antigene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Sensibilisierung von Kaninchen mit Parathyreoideaextrakt vom Rind waren Antikörper nachweisbar, die speciesspezifisch, jedoch nur zum Teil organspezifisch reagierten. Die organunspezifischen Antikörper richteten sich gegen Bindegewebsantigene in verschiedenen Organen, die organspezifischen gegen Antigene im Cytoplasma der Parenchymzellen der Nebenschilddrüsen. Nach Vergleichsuntersuchungen mit einem Parathormonantiserum sind diese jedoch nicht mit dem Parathormon identisch. Parathormon war immunhistologisch nur in einzelnen Zellen bzw. Zellgruppen der morphologisch identischen Parenchymzellen der Rinderparathyreoidea zu vermuten, was auf Unterschiede im Funktionszustand dieser Zellen zurückgeführt werden kann. Der Nachweis organspezifischer Antikörper läßt das Vorkommen einer Immunparathyreoiditis als möglich erscheinen, jedoch ist der exakte Beweis für eine solche Erkrankung bisher noch nicht erbracht.
    Notes: Summary In the serum of rabbits immunized with an extract of bovine parathyroid glands species-specific antibodies were detectable. Part of them reacted with antigens in the connective tissue of parathyroid glands and other bovine organs, while an organ-specific part of the antibodies was directed against antigens in the cytoplasm of parathyroid cells. Further experiments with a rabbit antiserum to bovine parathormone proved that these organ-specific antigens are only partially identical with parathormone. Histochemical techniques showed that parathormone is detectable only in single cells or in groups of cells of the morphologically identical epithelioid cells of bovine parathyroid glands. The fact that organ-specific antigens have been found in parathyroid glands suggests the existence of an “immune parathyroiditis” although this disease has not yet been exactly proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044607
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real and pseudo oxygen gradients in Ca-alginate beads monitored during polarographic Po2-measurements using Pt-needle microelectrodes (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 617-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: oxygen profiles ; oxygen microprobe ; Po2-microelectrode ; artifacts ; alginate beads ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polarographic microcoaxial needle electrodes were used to measure internal profiles of dissolved oxygen tension (Po2) within single Ca-alginate beads of different diameter containing entrapped cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For the investigations, single beads coming from variable growing conditions and distinct cultivation stages were fixed in a special holding device. In dependence on microbial growth steep oxygen gradients were observed. The Oxygen penetration depth at steady state lay between 50 and 100 μm. After 8 h of cultivation time, the anaerobic space within the beads (φ 2 mm; cultivation in a packed bed reactor) is beginning at ∼ 130 μm, whereas the anaerobic space within the beads (φ 2 mm) coming from the shaker flask culture is located ∼440 μm below the bead surface. Surprisingly, steep gradients were also observed, when recording profiles from cell-free Ca-alginate beads of different diameter and alginate concentrations. The steep oxygen gradients apparently had to be interpreted as pseudo-Po2-gradients. These results were borne by several effects, such as formation of artifacts and diffusion barriers in front of the electrode tip or oxygen “availability” at the tip and consumption of oxygen by the electrode itself. These phenomena could be documented by microscopic observation and photography. Thus, to obtain real Po2-profiles it is important to be exactly informed about the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the material to be investigated. Furthermore, it is necessary to apply a special stepwise puncture technique with distinct step-in/step-out movements of the electrode: e.g., unidirectional or contradirectional puncture techniques. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zeitstandfestigkeit und chemische Beständigkeit von Rohren aus Hartpolyäthylen und Polypropylen (1968)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 22-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Creep strength and chemical resistance pipes made of hard polyethylene and polypropyleneThe creep strength of pipes made of thermoplastics is influenced by the surrounding medium. This influence may be of a chemical or physical kind. Often, both influences are simultaneously present. The present paper deals with these different types of influences of chemical substances on the creep strength of pipes made of hard polyethylene and polypropylene. First, the test method is described by which the creep strength is investigated in the presence of chemical stresses. This is followed by the communication of results obtained with different obcals. These include inorganic as well as organic media. According to these results the inorganic substances can, in respect of their effect on the creep strength, be divided into the following four categories: 1aqueous solutions of non-oxidant substances,2aqueous solutions of oxidant substances,3aqueous solutions of wetting agents,4aqueous solutions of substances which penetrate into polyethylene in small quantities, thus causing Some Sort swelling.The organic substances can be divided into those with strong and with weak swelling effects. The swelling effect, which depends on the chemical structure of the substances, is described in some detail.
    Notes: Die Zeitstandfestigkeit von Rohren aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen wird durch das umgebende Medium beeinflußt. Dieser Einfluß kann chemischer oder physikalischer Art sein. Oft sind beide Einflüsse gleichzeitig wirksam. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt diese verschiedenen Arten des Einflusses chemischer Substanzen auf die Zeitstandfestigkeit von Rohren aus Hartpolyäthylen und Polypropylen. Es wird zunächst die Prüfmethode beschrieben, nach der die Zeitstandfestigkeit bei gleichzeitiger chemischer Beanspruchung untersucht wird. Anschließend werden Ergebnisse mitgeteilte, die mit verschiedenen Chemikalien gewonnen wurden. Es wird dabei sowohl auf anorganische als auch auf organische Medien eingegangen. Nach diesen Ergebnissen können die anorganischen Substanzen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf die Zeitstandfestigkeit in folgende vier Gruppen eingeteilt werden: 1wäßrige Lösungen von nicht oxydierend wirkenden Substanzen;2wäßrige Lösungen von oxydierend wirkenden Substanzen;3wäßrige Lösungen von Netzmitteln;4wäßrige Lösungen von Substanzen, die in geringer Menge in Polyäthylen eindringen und dadurch eine Art Quellung bewirken.Die organischen Substanzen körnert in stark und schwach quellend wirkende eingeteilt werden. Auf die Quellung, die von der chemischen Struktur der Substanzen abhängig ist, wird näher eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19680190104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von Verfahrensparametern beim Fließpressen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 25 (1994), S. 329-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Effect of Process Parameters in Extrusion on Fatigue BehaviourFatigue test specimens were produced by forward extrusion and subsequent heading from conventional steels, P/M steels and AlMg4.5Mn. The strain, die-opening angle, temperature and in some cases the lubricant were varied. For purpose of comparation in some cases also specimens were prepared by machining. S/N curves or cyclic deformation curves were determined mainly by stress-controlled tests.For all materials the time strength was increased by cold forming whereby the effect of strain was stronger than that of the die-opening angle. The time strength of steel is less increased by warm (semihot) forming than by cold forming. The fatigue strength, however, is not necessarily increased by cold or warm forming. After cold forming the P/M steels contrary to conventional steels revealed mainly quasielastic deformation until fracture. After warm forming, however, P/M steels, due to the decrease of porosity, behaved almost like conventional steels. For AlMg4.5Mn specimens prepared by forming - probably due to worse surface quality - revealed a lower fatigue strength than those prepared by machining. Here also a feasible effect of the choice of the lubricant was stated.
    Notes: Aus schemelzmetallurgischen und Sinterstählen sowie AlMg4,5Mn wurden durch Fließpressen und Anstauchen von Köpfen bauteilähnliche Schwingproben hergestellt. Dabei wurden Umformgrad, Schulteröffnungswinkel, Temperatur und z.T. der Schmierstoff variiert. Zu Vergleichszwecken wurden in Einzelfällen Schwingproben spannend hergestellt. Wöhlerkurven oder Wechselverformungskurven wurden zumeist in spannungskontrollierten Versuchen ermittelt. Für alle Werkstoffe wurde eine Erhöhung der Zeitfestigkeit durch eine Kaltumformung beobachtet. Der Einfluß des Schulteröffnungswinkels war schwächer als der des Umformgrades. Eine Halbwarmumformung von Stahl steigert die Zeitfestigkeit weniger als eine Kaltumformung. Die Dauerfestigkeit wird durch Kalt- oder Halbwarmumformung nicht notwendig gesteigert. Die Sinterstähle zeigten kaltfließgepreßt anders als konventionelle Stähle vornehmlich quasielastische Verformung bis zum Bruch. Halbwarmumgeformt verhalten sich Sinterstähle jedoch aufgrund der verringerten Porosität nahezu wie konventionelle. Für AlMg4,5Mn zeigten umgeformte Schwingproben im Vergleich zu spanend gefertigten - vermutlich aufgrund der schlechteren Oberfläche - eine niedrigere Dauerfestigkeit; hier wurde auch ein deutlicher Einfluß des Schmierstoffes beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19940250807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur quantitativen Bewertung thermisch aktivierter Werkstoffreaktionen (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 25 (1994), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the quantitative valuation of thermally activated material reactionsThis paper gives an insight into the fundamentals and application of the quantitative valuation of thermally activated material reactions, especially of static softening processes. Possibilities of calculating based on diffusion and chemical kinetics are reported not only for isothermal, but also generally for thermally nonstationary conditions. The special cases of constant heating or cooling rates and of constant temperatures which nearly exclusively have been described in the literature follow automatically from these more universal equations given here. For a more precise description of softening processes it is proposed that the ARRHENIUS formula is modified and generalized by introducing a temperature threshold value, i.e., a minimum or reference temperature. This allows the material softening process that independently of time always can be observed only above a minimum temperature to be represented in this way also by the physical-mathematical model. Integrals are calculated and explizit solutions are given for characteristic temperature-time dependences. Finally, the fundamental method of determining the model parameters is described.
    Notes: Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in Grundlagen und Anwendung der quantitativen Bewertung thermisch aktivierter Werkstoffreaktionen, insbesondere bei statisch ablaufenden Entfestigungsvorgängen. Berechnungsmöglichkeiten werden auf der Grundlage von Diffusion und chemischer Kinetik nicht nur für isotherme, sondern allgemein für thermisch beliebig instationäre Bedingungen angegeben. Die im Fachschrifttum fast ausschließlich betrachteten Spezialfälle konstanter Erwärmungs- oder Abkühlraten und konstanter Temperaturen ergeben sich aus den hier angegebenen allgemeingültigeren Gleichungen zwanglos. Zur präziseren Beschreibung von Entfestigungsvorgängen wird vorgeschlagen, den Arrhenius-Ansatz dahingehend zu modifizieren bzw. zu verallgemeinern, daß ein Temperaturschwellenwert - eine Mindestbzw. Bezugstemperatur - in geeigneter Weise eingeführt wird. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß eine Werkstoffentfestigung, die - praktisch unabhängig von der Zeitdauer - immer erst oberhalb gewisser Mindesttemperaturen beobachtbar ist, in dieser Weise auch durch das physikalisch-mathematische Modell erfaßt und widergespiegelt wird. Für charakteristische Temperatur-Zeit-Abhängigkeiten werden die auftretenden Integrale berechnet und explizite Lösungen angegeben. Abschließend wird der prinzipielle Weg zur Bestimmung der Modellparameter skizziert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19940250809
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den Metabolismus von Endrin, Dihydroheptachlor und Heptachlor (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 79 (1967), S. 997-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19670792252
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wärmeübergang auf der Innenseite eines Rührbehälters (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 808-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330640959
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    42. Die Fullerene C60 und C70 - Herstellung und Trennung bei Hoechst (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1187-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330660943
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization by XPS and XAS of supported Pt/TiO2—CeO2 catalysts (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: TiO2 and CeO2 are will known for inducing strong metal-support interactions J(SMSI) of a different nature when used as supports for Pt catalysts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of mixtures of TiO2—CeO2 oxide supports (80:20 and 20:80) reveals at the surface a remarkable stabilization of cerium in the +3 oxidation state; the stabilization is more pronounced with lower cerium oxide concentration. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements done on the LIII edge show the same variation as a function of cerium oxide concentration, but in the bulk the reduction is much lower. Cerium in Pt/TiO2—CeO2 catalysts exhibits the same behaviour.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160173
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