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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 107-110 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Epidemiology ; Insertion element 986 ; DNA fingerprinting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among newspaper vendors, tram operators, and other exposed groups leads to repeated discussions about the importance of single cases for the spread of tuberculous infection. We subjected 36 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolated in 1992 from 31 patients, to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using PvuII and an insertion element 986 probe. Only two isolates obtained from a married couple showed the same DNA fingerprinting pattern, all the other strains had unique and clearly distinguishable banding patterns. Our investigation revealed no dominating strains except in the case of one married couple, where the chain of infection was obvious (the wife being diagnosed during the course of testing of her alcoholic and tuberculous husband's contacts). The main emphasis in the fight against tuberculosis still rests on securing the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic means for all patients with tuberculosis. The importance of single infected source cases for the spread of tuberculosis should not be overestimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Neopterin ; T-cell subsets ; HIV infection ; Generalized likelihood ratio technique ; Classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the ability of urinary neopterin concentrations and T-cell subset data, and their ratios to discriminate between anti-HIV-1 seronegatives, seropositives, and AIDS cases. Using receiver-operated-characteristics curves, neopterin levels were shown to provide the best discrimination. Of the ratios derived from the single variables, neopterin per CD4+ cell counts and neopterin per CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio were superior to the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio. Multivariate analyses were performed using a generalized likelihood ratio approach as well as linear discriminant analysis. The combination of neopterin concentration and CD4+ T-cell count is well suited to discriminate between various stages of HIV-1 infection and, therefore, we recommend using more than one assay to evaluate disease progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 517-518 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 531-531 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] sir — In the United states an Orphan Drug Act was passed in 1983 to give companies incentives in the form of grants, tax credits and a seven-year marketing monopoly for the develop-ment of drugs for rare diseases — those that affect fewer than 200,000 people. Meanwhile some of these ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 119 (1993), S. S1 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The factors influencing the interaction of herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein C (gC) with the third component of complement (C3) were investigated in this study. The ability of gC of HSV type 1 (gC-1) to bind to the C3b fragment of C3 was found to be influenced by cell specific processing of gC-1 in a different manner, binding being remarkably enhanced in some cell lines following removal of sialic acid residues. Testing several intertypic recombinants of HSV we found that only strains expressing gC-1 exhibited binding to C3b, even though their genome consisted mainly of HSV-2 sequences in some recombinants. Expression of type-2 glycoproteins gB, gD, gE, gG, gH, and gI did not alter the ability of gC-1 to bind to C3b. Rosetting of HSV-1 infected Vero cells with C3b-coated red blood cells (EAC) was found to be temperature dependent and could be inhibited with purified C3b and anti-C3 antibodies. Polyanions like heparin or dextran sulfate were also inhibitory in a dose dependent manner, whereas C3d, neomycin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics failed to block. As the tested polyanions are also known to inhibit the infectivity of HSV, it could be speculated, that the complement binding function and the heparin-binding/attachment function of gC might be related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Mehrheit der mit dem humanen Immundefizienzvirus Typ 1 (HIV-1) infizierten Personen ist frei von Symptomen oder weist nur persistierende Lymphadenopathie auf. Es ist notwendig, Risikokriterien für das Fortschreiten der Erkrankung zu erstellen, um zeitgerecht prophylaktische Maßnahmen einleiten zu können. Die Zahl der CD4-positiven Zellen ist ein geeigneter Prognoseparameter. Die Zellzählung ist jedoch aufwendig, teuer und Speziallabors vorbehalten, sodaß zusätzliche einfache Untersuchungen erwünscht sind, um die Risikoabschätzung weiter zu verbessern. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen ergaben, daß Neopterin und ß2- Mikroglobulin bei der HIV-1 Infektion gleich gute Prognoseparameter sind wie die Zahl der CD4-positiven Zellen; beide Parameter liefern darüber hinaus zusätzliche Infromation. Die Bestimmung der Meßgrößen erfolgt aus Serum (Neopterin und ß2-Mikroglobulin) oder Urin (Neopterin), wodurch das Risiko einer eventuellen HIV-1 Übertragung bei der Testdurchführung im Vergleich zur Bearbeitung von Vollblut, wie es zur Zellzählung benötigt wird, verringert wird. Auch wenn noch weitere Untersuchungen vor allem in Entwicklungsländern und in mit Zidovudin behandelten HIV-1 Infizierten notwendig sind, können Neopterin und β2-Mikroglobulin als zusätzliche Parameter zur Abschätzung des AIDS-Risikos bei HIV-1 Infizierten empfohlen werden. Beide Meßgrößen sind auch dazu geeignet, die Bestimmung von CD4- positiven Zellen zu ersetzen, wenn die Möglichkeiten der Zellquantifizierung nicht gegeben sind.
    Notes: Summary The great majority of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection presents with no signs or symptoms, or only lymphadenopathy. To initiate prophylactic measures in time it is necessary to establish risk criteria. CD4+ cell counts are significant predictors. Supplementary methods to improve the predictive information of CD4+ cell counts are still required. In addition, CD4+ cell counting is laborious, expensive, and restricted to specialized laboratories. Thus, there is also a place for more easily performed laboratory tests with similar predictive value as CD4+ cell counts. Neopterin and β2-microglobulin levels proved to be significant predictors of AIDS risk in HIV-1 seropositives. The predictive value of both parameters is equal to CD4+ cell counts and both markers are significant joint predictors in addition to CD4+ cell counts. Measurement of the parameters is done in serum (neopterin and β2-microglobulin) or urine (neopterin) specimens which reduces the risk of HIV-1 transmission compared to handling of whole-blood samples as it is required for cell counting. Although more studies are needed, especially in developing countries and in persons receiving zidovudine, it can be recommended to use neopterin and β2-microglobulin as additional marker to estimate AIDS risk in HIV-1 seropositive individuals. Moreover, both markers may be useful for this purpose without CD4+ cell counts if cell counting is not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einerin vitro Studie wurden 246 klinische Isolate von erythromycinresistenten Staphylokokken aus sechs Spitälern in Österreich auf Empfindlichkeit gegen Josamycin und gegen andere, neurere Makrolidantibiotika wie z. B. Roxithromycin und Clarithromycin untersucht. 71Staphylococcus aureus-Stämme zeigten eine MHK von ≥ 4 mg/l und 100S. aureus-Stämme zeigten eine MHK von ≥ 256 mg/l. Weiters wurden 25 Stämme koagulasenegativer Staphylokokken untersucht, die bei einer MHK ≥ 4 mg/l erythromycin-resistent waren. Bei einer MHK von 2 mg/l wurden 57% der erythromycin-resistenten Stämme vonS. aureus durch Josamycin inhibiert, 25% durch Clarithromycin und 11,6% durch Roxithromycin. Bei einer MHK von 2 mg/l wurden 13,3% der erythromycinresistenten koagulase-negativen Staphylokokken durch Josamycin inhibiert, 10,7% durch Clarithromycin und 9,3% durch Roxithromycin. Diese Studie zeigt, daß Josamycinin vitro noch immer gegen mehr als 50% der erythromycinresistenten Stämme vonS. aureus wirksam ist. Es ist auch wirksamer gegen erythromycinresistente Stämme vonS. aureus als Roxithromycin und Clarithromycin.
    Notes: Summary In anin vitro study 246 clinical isolates of erythromycin-resistant staphylococci from six hospitals in Austria were investigated for susceptibility to josamycin and other, newer macrolide antibiotics, e.g. roxithromycin and clarithromycin. 71 strains ofStaphylococcus aureus showed an MIC ≥ 4 mg/l and 100 strains ofS. aureus showed an MIC ≥ 256 mg/l. In addition, 25 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci resistant to erythromycin at an MIC of ≥ 4 mg/l were investigated. At an MIC of 2 mg/l 57% of the erythromycin-resistant strains ofS. aureus were inhibited by josamycin, 25% by clarithromycin and 11.6% by roxithromycin. At an MIC of 2 mg/l 13.3% of erythromycin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci were inhibited by josamycin, 10.7% by clarithromycin and 9.3% by roxithromycin. This study suggests that josamycin is still activein vitro against more than 50% of erythromycin-resistant strains ofS. aureus. This drug is also more active than roxithromycin and clarithromycin against erythromycin-resistantS. aureus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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