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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of a biotinylated cathepsin B oligonucleotide probe in human prostate including invasive cells and invasive edges by in situ hybridization (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 235 (1993), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Normal prostate ; Benign prostatic hyperplasia ; Neoplastic human prostate ; Cathepsin B ; CB oligonucleotide probe ; In situ hybridization ; Invasive edges ; Invasive cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cysteine endopeptidase cathepsin B (CB) can degrade basement membrane (BM) proteins (such as laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin) at both acid and neutral pHs suggesting that CB has a role in tumor invasion and distant metastasis. The distribution and intensity of CB protein localization vary in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and neoplastic prostate. These considerations have led us to examine whether the distribution of CB localization in malignant and normal cells is due to storage or active synthesis of CB. In the present study, we examined the localization patterns of CB at the mRNA level in normal prostate, BPH, and well to moderately differentiated neoplastic prostate, focusing on invasive groups of cells and invasive edges of malignant tumors. We used a 25-base biotinylated oligonucleotide CB cDNA “sense” probe to localize CB message in prostate samples obtained from radical prostatectomies. We have determined that CB is actively synthesized by the epithelia of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate including some invasive cells in the invasive edges. In both normal and BPH, CB mRNA was localized predominantly in acinar basal cells with some localization in cuboidal/columnar cells. In contrast, in neoplastic prostate, CB mRNA was localized predominantly in columnar cells and in groups of invasive cells and invasive edges. Thus, in malignant prostate the predominant cell types expressing CB differed from those of the normal prostate and BPH. Analysis of CB mRNA localizations indicated a heterogeneity in staining distribution in prostate cancer with some invasive groups of cells and invasive edges exhibiting CB mRNA and others exhibiting little or no reaction products. Using CB as a marker, we have been able to define invasive edges and invasive cells which may be actively involved in tumor progression. The potential ability to distinguish between malignant and nonmalignant foci and edges via localization of CB within the prostatic extracellular matrix may improve diagnosis and treatment of some higher grade tumor patients. This is especially important since histologic differentiation patterns of moderately to poorly differentiated human prostatic adenocarcinoma often do not differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant foci and edges in predicting aggressive behavior and course of the disease in patients. This is the first localization of cathepsin B mRNA in human prostate and its tumors. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092350207
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distribution of “tissue-specific” antigens in the developing human heart and skeletal muscle III. An immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of the neural tissue antigen G1N2 in the embryonic heart; implications for the development of the atrioventricular conduction system (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 232 (1992), S. 97-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody raised against an extract from the Ganglion Nodosum of the chick and designated GIN2 proves to bind specifically to a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic human heart. In the youngest stage examined (Carnegie stage 14, i. e., 4 1/2 weeks of development) these GIN2-expressing cells are localized in the myocardium that surrounds the foramen between the embryonic left and right ventricle. In the lesser curvature of the cardiac loop this “primary” ring occupies the lower part of the wall of the atrioventricular canal. During subsequent development, GIN2-expressing cells continue to identify the entrance to the right ventricle, but the shape of the ring changes as a result of the tissue remodelling that underlies cardiac septation. During the initial phases of this process the staining remains recognizable as a continuous band of cells in the myocardium that surrounds the developing right portion of the atrioventricular canal, subendocardially in the developing interventricular septum and around the junction of the embryonic left ventricle with the subaortic portion of the outflow tract. During the later stages of cardiac septation, the latter part of the ring discontinues to express GIN2, while upon the completion of septation, no GIN2-expressing cardiomyocytes can be detected anymore. The topographic distribution pattern of GIN suggests that the definitive ventricular conduction system derives from a ring of cells that initially surrounds the “primary” interventricular foramen. The results indicate that the atrioventricular bundle and bundle branches develop from GIN2-expressing myocytes in the interventricular septum, while the “compact” atrioventricular node develops at the junction of the band of GIN2-positive cells in the right atrioventricular junction (the right atrioventricular ring bundle) and the (“pentrating”) atrioventricular bundle. A “dead-end tract” represents remnants of conductive tissue in the anterior part of the top of the interventricular septum. The location of the various components of the avian conduction system is topographically homologous with that of the GIN2-ring in the human embryonic heart, indicating a phylogentically conserved origin of the conduction system in vertebrates.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092320111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic activation, DNA adducts, and H-ras mutations in human neoplastic and non-neoplastic laryngeal tissue (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; N-acetyltransferase ; 32P-postlabelling ; H-ras mutations ; larynx ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Metabolic activation, DNA adducts, and H-ras mutations were examined in human laryngeal tissue (n = 16) from both smoker and non/ex-smoker patients with laryngeal cancer. DNA adducts detected by 32P-postlabelling were evident only in smokers (n = 13); in fact, smoking cessation for as little as 10 months resulted in no DNA adducts detected (n = 3). Total DNA adduct levels in these samples were significantly correlated with levels of cytochromes P-4502C and 1A1 in laryngeal microsomes. Moreover, the P-4501A1 levels represent the highest yet found in human tissues. In contrast, laryngeal microsomes did not have detectable P-4501A2 activity, while laryngeal cytosols showed appreciable N-acetyltransferase activity for p-aminobenzoic acid (NAT1) but not sulfamethazine (NAT2).DNA was extracted from laryngeal specimens and amplified by PCR. Nylon filter dot or slot blots were hybridized with 32P-labelled probes for codons 12, 13, and 61 of the H-ras gene. Sixty percent of specimens demonstrated mutations in either codon 12, 13, or 61; a single common and specific mutation was a Gln → Glu transversion in codon 61. This mutation appeared in 5 laryngeal specimens, all from smokers.These results implicate cigarette smoke components, bioactivated by CYP1A1 and/or CYP2C, in DNA adduct formation. These results also demonstrate a probable smoking-related H-ras Gln → Glu transversion in codon 61.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240531018
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin-Like growth factor I and protein kinase C activation stimulate pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation through separate but synergistic pathways (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 144 (1990), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia is an important component of vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. The mechanisms underlying SMC proliferation in the remodeling process are poorly understood, but may involve insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). This study investigates the potential proliferative effects of IGF-I on SMC cultured from the pulmonary arteries (PA) of neonatal calves. We hypothesized that IGF-I stimulates PA SMC proliferation through a protein kinase C (PKC)-indepenent pathway, but that PKC activation would augment this proliferative response. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine was used as an index of cellular prohteration, and was correlated with subsequent changes in cell counts. Under serum-free conditions, IGF-I (100 ng/ml) induced a 6-fold increase in thymidine incorporation by quiescent PA SMC. This stimulation was not blocked by dihydrosphingosine, an inhibitor of PKC activation. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (1 nM), a membrane-permeable PKC activator, induced a 12-fold increase in thymidine incorporation which was 70% inhibited by dihydrosphingosine. Co-incubation with IGF-I and PMA caused a 60-fold increase in thymidine incorporation, which was 30% inhibited by dihydrosphingosine. This synergistic increase in thymidine incorporation was associated with a subsequent significant increase in cell number. PKC-downregulated cells (1,000 nM PMA × 30 hr) proliferated in response to IGF-I but not PMA, and did not demonstrate synergism with the combination of IGF-I and PMA. The threshold concentrations of IGF-I and PMA for synergism were approximately 1 ng/ml and 1 pM, respectively. We conclude that IGF-I stimulates neonatal PA SMC proliferation via a PKC-independent pathway, and that trace amounts of PKC activators are capable of synergistically augmenting this response. We speculate that the synergistic stimulation of SMC proliferation by IGF-I and PKC activators may play an important role in hypertensive pulmonary vascular remodeling.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041440121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variant cDNAs encoding proteins similar to the α subunit of chicken CapZ (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 18 (1991), S. 204-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin-binding ; muscle ; Z-line ; capping ; isoform ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chicken adult muscle and liver cDNA libraries were screened with a cDNA, α1, previously isolated from a chicken embryo library by screening with antibodies against the α subunit of chicken CapZ. cDNAs with a new coding region, called α2, were found in addition to ones with the α1 coding region. α2 predicts a protein sequence that matches exactly the N-terminal sequence of 5 peptides prepared from CapZ α purified from chicken muscle, while the protein sequence predicted by α1 matches the peptides well, but not exactly. The predicted protein sequences of α1 and α2 are very similar to each other, and they are similar to those of the α subunit of capping protein from Dictyostelium [Hartmann et al., J. Biol. Chem. 163:5254-5254, 1989] and an actin-binding protein from Xenopus [Ankenbauer et al., Nature 342:822-824, 1989]. Other conserved features of the predicted primary and secondary structures are noted. Chicken α1 and α2 are transcribed in all of 7 adult chicken muscle and non-muscle tissues in comparable amounts by Northern analysis. α2 has four poly(A)+ RNA transcripts, one of which is rare in liver. α1 has two transcripts. α1 and α2 are encoded by different single-copy genes by Southern analysis of chicken genomic DNA.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970180306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: tissue repair ; macrophage ; fibroblast ; extracellular matrix ; growth factors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent activator for cells of mesenchymal origin. PDGF stimulates chemotaxis, proliferation, and new gene expression in monocytes-macrophages and fibroblasts in vitro, cell types considered essential for tissue repair. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of exogenously administered recombinant B chain homodimers of PDGF (PDGF-BB) on two experimental tissue repair paradigms, incisional and excisional wounds. In both types of wounds, as little as 20-200 picomoles applied a single time to wounds significantly augmented the time dependent influx of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts and accelerated provisional extracellular matrix deposition and subsequent collagen formation. In incisional wounds, PDGF-BB augmented wound breaking strength 50-70% over the first 3 weeks; in excisional wounds, PDGF-BB accelerated time to closure by 30%. PDGF-BB exaggerated, but did not alter, the normal course of soft tissue repair, resulting in a significant acceleration of healing. Long term observations established no apparent differences between PDGF-BB treated and non-treated wounds. Thus, the vulnerary effects of PDGF-BB were transient and fully reversible in both wound healing models. Furthermore, analysis of PDGF-treated and non-treated wounds has provided important insights into mechanisms of normal and deficient tissue repair processes. PDGF appears to transduce its signal through wound macrophages and may trigger the induction of positive autocrine feedback loops and synthesis of endogenous wound PDGF and other growth factors, thereby enhancing the cascade of tissue repair processes required for a fully-healed wound. Thus, PDGF and other wound produced polypeptide growth factors may be the critical regulators of extracellular matrix deposition within healing wounds.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomyosin expression pattern during formation of the tubular chicken heart: A three-dimensional immunohistochemical analysis (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 226 (1990), S. 213-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of atrial and ventricular isomyosins is analysed immunohistochemically during the formation of the tubular chicken heart (stage 7 to 12 [H/H]) using antibodies specific for adult chicken atrial and ventricular myosin heavy chains, respectively. This analysis revealed that both types of isomyosins can be first detected at stage 8 (H/H, possessing four pairs of somites), i.e., when the heart primordium still exists as two separate cardiogenic plates. The ventricular type of isomyosin is initially expressed in those areas of cardiogenic plates in the vicinity of the anterior intestinal portal. The atrial type of isomyosin is initially expressed in zones caudal and lateral to the areas of ventricular isomyosin expression. Medial to the atrial isomyosin-expressing areas, cardiogenic plate areas exist that initially lack myosin expression. Those parts of the cardiogenic plates that fuse in front of the anterior intestinal portal, thereby forming the heart tube, are characterized by the expression of both isomyosins; however, the caudolateral parts of the heart primordium maintain their single atrial isomyosin expression during further development. Cardiac contractions are therefore first observed at stage 10 (H/H, possessing ten pairs of somites) in myocardium that coexpresses both isomyosins.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092260211
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distribution of “Tissue-Specific” antigens in the developing human heart and skeletal muscle. II. An immunohistochemical analysis of myosin heavy chain isoform expression patterns in the embryonic heart (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 229 (1991), S. 355-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The spatial distribution of α- and β-myosin heavy chain isoforms (MHCs) was investigated immunohistochemically in the embryonic human heart between the 4th and the 8th week of development. The development of the overall MHC isoform expression pattern can be outlined as follows: (1) In all stages examined, β-MHC is the predominant isoform in the ventricles and outflow tract (OFT), while α-MHC is the main isoform in the atria. In addition, α-MHC is also expressed in the ventricles at stage 14 and in the OFT from stage 14 to stage 19. This expression pattern is very reminiscent of that found in chicken and rat. (2) In the early embryonic stages the entire atrioventricular canal (AVC) wall expresses α-MHC whereas only the lower part expresses β-MHC. The separation of atria and ventricles by the fibrous annulus takes place at the ventricular margin of the AVC wall. Hence, the β-MHC expressing part of the AVC wall, including the right atrioventricular ring bundle, is eventually incorporated in the atria. (3) In the late embryonic stages (approx. 8 weeks of development) areas of α-MHC reappear in the ventricular myocardium, in particular in the subendocardial region at the top of the interventricular septum. These coexpressing cells are topographically related to the developing ventricular conduction system. (4) In the sinoatrial junction of all hearts examined α- and β-MHC coexpressing cells are observed. In the older stages these cells are characteristically localized at the periphery of the SA node.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092290309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenals in some panama monkeysThis work was supported by grants from the Comly-Coleman Fund of the Ohio State University. We are also indebted to Dr. Carl Johnson, Director of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama, for the use of the facilities at the Juan Mina Field Station. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 142 (1962), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091420107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distribution of “tissue-specific” antigens in the developing human heart and skeletal muscle. I. An immunohistochemical analysis of creatine kinase isoenzyme expression patterns (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 228 (1990), S. 163-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using monoclonal antibodies against the M and B subunit isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) we have investigated their distribution in developing human skeletal and cardiac muscle immunohistochemically. It is demonstrated that in skeletal muscle, a switch from CK-B to CK-M takes place around the week 8 of development, whereas in the developing heart, CK-M is the predominant isoform from the earliest stage examined onward (i.e., 4½ weeks of development). In all hearts examined, local differences in concentration of the CK isoforms are observed. The CK-M expression in the developing outflow tract (OFT) and conduction system is described in detail. Between the weeks 5 and 7 of development, the distal portion of the OFT is characterized by low CK-M expression, whereas around the week 8-10 of development the myocardium around the developing semilunar valves in the OFT expresses a very high level of CK-M. At all stages examined, a relatively low CK-M level is observed in those regions in which the “slow” components of the conduction system do develop (e.g., the sinoatrial junction and atrioventricular junction), whereas a relatively high concentration of CK-M is observed in those areas that are destined to become the “fast” components, i.e., the subendocardial myocardium of the ventricles. The high expression of CK-M in the developing “fast components” of the conduction system contrasts with the relatively low expression of CK-M in the force-producing myocardium of the interventricular septum and free ventricular wall.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092280208
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