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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Chemical Engineering  (3)
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The drying of two highly porous thick textiles is studied and compared. Extremes are chosen in that one package is composed of a Terylene (British form of a polyester fiber) net fabric of open structure and the other of a woolen flannel of close structure. The cloths are wound as bobbins and dried by hot air streaming in a wind tunnel, the air flowing parallel to the axis of the cylinder of material. The weight of water as drying progresses is measured by a balance, and thermocouples within the bobbin provide a temperature record.On investigation of the thermal conductivity of the dry structure, it is found that whereas the coefficient for the wool-air mixture is constant throughout, the coefficient for the Terylene-air mixture applies only in the depths, the apparent thermal conductivity growing larger toward the surface and with increasing air speed, as if the heat transfer through the open structure is assisted by some form of air penetration.As the thick textiles dry, the rate of evaporation falls off, since heat and water vapor have to pass through an increasing layer of dry material. While this is occurring, a constant temperature, the “pseudo-wet-bulb temperature,” is established throughout the wet cloth. This state of equilibrium may be expressed as an equation between the rate of heat conduction inward and that required to produce the vapor diffusion outward. From this equation the pseudo-wet-bulb temperature can be calculated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 344-347 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A further analysis of the second falling-rate period in the drying of thick highly porous textile structures is made, this time in the case of drying wool, special attention being paid to the adsorbed water held by the wool in the air-dry region. As the solid-to-void ratio is low, the quantities of adsorbed water are small and have little effect on the general equilibrium. Values of thermal conductivity are calculated for wet wool.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 583-592 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electropolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide has been performed in aqueous sulfuric acid solution, using unsized AS-4 graphite fibers as the working electrode. The electro-polymerized poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) deposited on the surface of the graphite fiber working electrode. The formation of poly (N,N'dimethyl acrylamide) was inhibited by hydroquinone. The addition of about 0.05 moles of hydroquinone to the reaction solution resulted in about a 90% decrease in the weight gain of fibers, in agreement with the proposed free radical mechanism of aqueous electropolymerization. The rate of electropolymerization varied with the initial monomer concentration, current density, and sulfuric acid concerntration, raised to the power of 1.3, 0.42, and 0.07, respectively, that is, Rp ∝ [M]1.3-Cd0.42 [H2SO4]0.07. A mathematical model, based upon free radical polymerization kinetics, is discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 2237-2247 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Constant current electropolymerization of acrylamide was initiated on the surfaces of AS-4 graphite fibers. Electropolymerization was performed using an aqueous solution of acrylamide dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid solution. The progress of electropolymerization was followed by measuring the weight of polyacrylamide deposited onto the surfaces of a unit weight of graphite fiber per unit time. The rate of electropolymerization was obtained from the slope of the linear region of the polymer weight gain vs. electropolymerization time curve. The rate of electropolymerization onto AS-4 graphite fiber surfaces was found to depend on the initial monomer concentration, sulfuric acid concentration, and current density raised to the powers of 1.67, 0.02, 0.54, respectively. Molecular weight measurements on the electropolymerized polyacrylamide were done by solution viscometry. Number average molecular weights of 430,000, 220,000, and 193,000 were obtained for polyacrylamide, electropolymerized at 1 mA/g, 50 mA/g, and 100 mA/g respectively, consistent with classical radical polymerization kinetics.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 735-749 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electrocopolymerization of 3-carboxyphenyl maleimide and styrene onto Hercules AS-4 graphite fiber surfaces has been successfully carried out from an aqueous solution containing monomers and dilute sulfuric acid. Initiation of copolymerization of the monomers dissolved in a small amount of dimethylacetamide is achieved by constant-current electrolysis in the cathodic chamber of a three-compartment electrolysis cell. Polymerization is initiated at the fiber surfaces; little polymer is formed in the cell solution. Electrocopolymerization is very consistent and rapid. The amount of polymer increases predictably with increasing comonomer concentration and current density. Using a 0.4 M (1 : 1) comonomer concentration, 0.0125 M sulfuric acid solution, and a current density of 20 mA/g, more than 60 wt % of copolymer coating per unit weight of graphite fibers is obtained within thirty minutes. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed the copolymer to be very stable at elevated temperatures and has initial and final decomposition temperatures of 430 and 520°C, respectively. The glass transition temperature measurement of the copolymer coatings was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry. A single glass transition temperature was obtained of about 210°C for most samples. The glass transition temperature of the copolymers did not change significantly with changing comonomer feed composition. Functional group and compositional analysis of the copolymer was done by FTIR spectroscopy. The copolymer composition remained relatively the same for copolymers made from different styrene/3-carboxyphenyl maleimide feed composition, confirming a strong tendency toward alternation for the system.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 93-104 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electrochemical copolymerization of styrene and N-(3-carboxyphenyl)maleimide was performed in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution using AS-4 graphite fibers as the working electrode. Cyclic voltammetric analysis results suggest radical initiation of polymerization via the reduction of the N-(3-carboxyphenyl)maleimide and sulfuric acid. Radical chain electrocopolymerization was strongly suggested by the inhibition of chain growth in the presence of hydroquinone and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Compositional analysis of copolymers and reactivity ratios rs ∼ 0.014 and rm ∼ 0.041 for styrene and N-(3-carboxyphenyl)maleimide [N-(3-CMI)], respectively, confirmed a 1 : 1 alternating electrocopolymerization. Kinetic analysis shows a first- and 1/2-order dependence of the rate of chain growth on initial monomer concentration and initiator concentration, respectively. A model incorporating these data is presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 213-225 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Interlayers of controlled composition and thickness were applied to commercial graphite fiber bundles by electrochemical copolymerization, and the impact and interlaminar shear strength of composites from these coated fibers were examined. Glycidyl acrylate/methyl acrylate copolymers represented coatings that were reactive to the epoxy matrix during curing; acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymers represented non-reactive systems. The reactive systems showed 10 to 30 percent simultaneous improvement in impact and interlaminar shear strengths, while the non-reactive system failed at the interlayer-epoxy interface and showed no improvement. There is an optimum interlayer thickness of 0.1 to 0.15 micron; the possible reasons are discussed. A detailed scanning electron microscope study illustrates how the structure of the composite fracture surface varies with the systematic changes in interlayer reactivity, composition, and thickness. Determination of the locus of failure is discussed. The observations are consistent with the mechanical property measurements.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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