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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1890-1899  (36)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Crust formation ages inferred on the basis of Nd model age, U-Pb zircon and Pb-Pb data for granulites from central Sri Lanka, and the late Archean Lewisian (Scotland) and Nuk (south-western Greenland) high-grade gneisses are comparable, and in the range 2.2–3.0 Ga and 2.8–3.0 Ga respectively. The time interval between crust formation and high-grade metamorphism (with its attendant depletions of incompatible and heat-producing elements) is in the order of ∼ 2 Ga for the ∼ 0.6 Ga Highland granulites of Sri Lanka, but are less than ∼ 0.1–0.2 Ga for the Lewisian and Nuk gneisses. Severe depletions of U and Th produced the distinctive unradiogenic present-day Pb ratios of the Lewisian and Nuk gneisses. The Sri Lanka granulites, in contrast, preserve a record of an extended residence in a high U/Pb, high Th/Pb environment and display radiogenic »upper crustal« — like present-day isotope ratios. Relative to primitive mantle compositions, the Pb isotopes identify the Lewisian and Nuk terrains as crustal reservoirs depleted in Th and U (relative to Pb), whereas the Highland granulites are enriched. The global Pb isotope mass balance requires the existence of low U/Pb, low Th/Pb and high Th/U reservoir(s) for successful solutions, and the lower crust is a likely candidate for this reservoir. High-grade terrains like Sri Lanka show depletions of measured U and Th abundances relative to Pb, but do not show Pb isotope signatures of »model bulk lower crust«. Archean high-grade gneisses display the appropriate combination of retarded Th/Pb and U/Pb although their absolute compositions are much less radiogenic than those of »model bulk lower crust« predicted from simple mass balance calculations.
    Abstract: Résumé Les âges modèles de formation de la croûte, estimés à partir des méthodes Nd, U-Pb (zircon) et Pb-Pb, pour les granulites du Sri Lanka central d'une part et les gneiss de degré élevé lewisiens (Archéen sup.) d'Ecosse et de Nuk (sud-ouest du Groenland) d'autre part, sont comparables et se situent respectivement dans les intervalles de 2,2–3,0 Ga et 2,8–3,0 Ga. L'intervalle de temps qui sépare la formation de la croûte et le pic du métamorphisme (accompagné de pertes d'éléments incompatibles et producteurs de chaleur) est de l'ordre de ± 2 Ga pour les granulites du Sri Lanka, âgées de ± 0,6 Ga, mais n'excède pas 0,1 à 0,2 Ga pour le Lewisien et les gneiss de Nuk. Des pertes sévères en U et en Th sont responsables des rapports Pb actuels peu radiogéniques dans le Lewisien et les gneiss de Nuk. Par contre, les granulites du Sri Lanka se sont maintenues dans des conditions de rapports U/Pb et Th/Pb élevés et fournissent des rapports isotopiques analogues à ceux de la croûte supérieure actuelle. Par rapport aux compositions mantéliques primitives, les isotopes du Pb identifient le Lewisien et les formations de Nuk comme des réservoirs crustaux appauvris en Th et en U (par rapport au Pb), tandis que les granulites du Sri Lanka ont été enrichies. Le bilan de masse des isotopes du Pb à l'échelle globale requiert l'existence d'un ou de plusieurs réservoirs à faible U/Pb, faible Th/Pb et haut Th/U; la croûte inférieure pourrait constituer ce réservoir. Des formations très métamorphiques comme celles du Sri Lanka présentent un appauvrissement des teneurs en U et en Th par rapport au Pb, mais ne montrent pas les signatures isotopiques du Pb correspondant à un modèle de croûte inférieure globale. Les gneiss archéens de degré élevé possèdent la combinaison adéquate des rapports Th/Pb et U/Pb déprimés, bien que leurs compositions absolues soient moins radiogéniques que celle de la »croûte inférieure type« prévue par les bilans de masse.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nd-Modellalter, U-Pb-Zirkondaten sowie Pb-Pb-Alter weisen auf vergleichbare Krustenbildungsalter von 2.2–3.0 Ga für den zentralen Granulitgürtel Sri Lankas bzw. 2.8–3.0 Ga für die spätarchaischen Granulitgebiete der Lewisian-(Schottland) und Nuk-Komplexe (südwestliches Grönland) hin. Die extrem lange Zeitspanne von ca. 2 Ga zwischen Krustenbildung und hochgradiger Metamorphose und die daraus resultierende Verarmung an hochinkompatiblen Elementen unterscheidet jedoch die ca. 0.6 Ga alten Granulite der Highland- und Südwest-Gruppe Sri Lankas von den Lewisian- und Nuk-Gneisen. Hier erfolgte die Granulitmetamorphose verhältnismäßig bald nach der Krustenbildung (≤ 0.1–0.2 Ga), und die frühe signifikante Verarmung an U und Th ist verantwortlich für die heutige, wenig radiogene Pb-Isotopie in diesen Gesteinen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen Konzentrationsmessungen an den Granuliten Sri Lankas zwar eine Verarmung von U und Th relativ zu Pb, was aber aus der hochradiogenen Pb-Isotopie nicht ersichtlich ist. Der Grund hierfür ist, daß dieser Krustenkomplex eine sehr lange Zeit zur kontinentalen Oberkruste gehörte, mit entsprechend hohen U/Pb- und Th/Pb-Verhältnissen und dem daraus entstandenen Zuwachs an radiogenem Blei. Die terrestrische Massenbilanz des Bleis erfordert, daß die zeitintegrierten erhöhten U/Pb-, Th/Pb- und erniedrigten Th/U-Werte sowohl der Oberkruste als auch fast aller Mantel-derivate durch ein Reservoir, wie z.B. die Unter-kruste, mit langfristig erniedrigtem U/Pb und Th/ Pb und erhöhtem Th/U kompensiert werden muß. Krustenkomplexe wie Sri Lanka, die erst in jüngster Zeit in die Unterkruste versenkt wurden, kommen dafür nicht in Frage. Archaische Granulitgebiete, jedoch, zeigen das entsprechende Th/Pb und U/Pb, wenn auch ihre absolute Zusammensetzung deutlich weniger radiogen ist als es die Modellunterkruste verlangt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The large mafic complex overlying mantle peridotites in the Ivrea Zone of northern Italy originated by underplating of mantle-derived magma onto the base of continental crust, and may be a unique outcrop of typical mafic lower crust, sampled elsewhere only by mafic xenoliths. Neodymium and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 372 (1994), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many hitherto puzzling features of the isotope and trace-element geochemistry of the Earth's mantle and crust can be explained if Earth history is punctuated by episodes of enhanced exchange between the lower and upper mantle. Such episodes would replenish the upper mantle with trace elements, and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 350 (1994), S. 642-644 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Isotope dilution measurements of geological reference materials are described using a newly developed multi-ion counting (MIC) system for a spark source mass spectrometer. Compared with the conventional photoplate detection system, there are considerably improved analytical features of the MIC system, especially the high sensitivity which leads to short measuring times of 1 min to 1 h for trace element analysis on the μg/g — ng/g level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890), S. 563-566 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890), S. 1313-1314 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 23 (1890), S. 1619-1620 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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