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  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 42.60.By  (2)
  • Dithiothreitol  (2)
  • learning imprecise concepts  (2)
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen-like recombination X-ray lasers using ps pulse drivers (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60.By ; 32.30.Rj ; 32.70.-n ; 52.50.Jm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a scheme for producing high gain recombination X-ray lasers on hydrogen-like Balmer α transitions by irradiating fibre targets with a 2 ps Chirped Pulse Amplification CPA beam of a Nd-glass laser facility. Very high gain coefficients for H-like C, N, O, F, Na Balmer α transitions are predicted. The optimum electron density and temperature for maximum gain operation scale approximately asN e ∼ 4 × 1013 Z 7 cm−3 and Te ∼ 7 × 10−3 Z 4 eV, respectively, at the time when maximum lasing gain appears. Significant improvement in gain performance of recombination X-ray lasers is predicted by using CPA ps pulse drivers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081707
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary studies of radiation coupling between remote soft X-ray laser amplifiers (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60.By ; 42.60.Kg ; 42.10.Mg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coupling of a soft X-ray laser beam with a relaying concave mirror in a sequentially pumped amplifier geometry using the Ne-like Ge system has been studied experimentally. Preliminary observations indicate an increase in the spatial coherence of the amplified relayed beam. In addition, near-field imaging of one of the amplifier plasmas shows a double-lobed intensity pattern of the emergent beam indicating refractive guiding of the amplified beam with components both normal and tangential to the target surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081713
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning Two-Tiered Descriptions of Flexible Concepts: The POSEIDON System (1992)
    Springer
    Machine learning 8 (1992), S. 5-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Concept learning ; learning imprecise concepts ; inductive learning ; learning flexible concepts ; two-tiered concept representation ; flexible matching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a method for learning flexible concepts, by which are meant concepts that lack precise definition and are context-dependent. To describe such concepts, the method employs a two-tiered representation, in which the first tier captures explicitly basic concept properties, and the second tier characterizes allowable concept's modifications and context dependency. In the proposed method, the first tier, called Base Concept Representation (BCR), is created in two phases. In phase 1, the AQ-15 rule learning program is applied to induce a complete and consistent concept description from supplied examples. In phase 2, this description is optimized according to a domain-dependent quality criterion. The second tier, called the inferential concept interpretation (ICI), consists of a procedure for flexible matching, and a set of inference rules. The proposed method has been implemented in the POSEIDON system, and experimentally tested on two real-world problems: learning the concept of an acceptable union contract, and learning voting patterns of Republicans and Democrats in the U.S. Congress. For comparison, a few other learning methods were also applied to the same problems. These methods included simple variants of exemplar-based learning, and an ID-3-type decision tree learning, implemented in the ASSISTANT program. In the experiments, POSEIDON generated concept descriptions that were both, more accurate and also substantially simpler than those produced by the other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022682318197
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning two-tiered descriptions of flexible concepts: The POSEIDON system (1992)
    Springer
    Machine learning 8 (1992), S. 5-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Concept learning ; learning imprecise concepts ; inductive learning ; learning flexible concepts ; two-tiered concept representation ; flexible matching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a method for learningflexible concepts, by which are meant concepts that lack precise definition and are context-dependent. To describe such concepts, the method employs atwo-tiered representation, in which the first tier captures explicitly basic concept properties, and the second tier characterizes allowable concept's modifications and context dependency. In the proposed method, the first tier, calledBase Concept Representation (BCR), is created in two phases. In phase 1, the AQ-15 rule learning program is applied to induce a complete and consistent concept description from supplied examples. In phase 2, this description is optimized according to a domain-dependent quality criterion. The second tier, called theinferential concept interpretation (ICI), consists of a procedure forflexible matching, and a set of inference rules. The proposed method has been implemented in the POSEIDON system, and experimentally tested on two real-world problems: learning the concept of an acceptable union contract, and learning voting patterns of Republicans and Democrats in the U.S. Congress. For comparison, a few other learning methods were also applied to the same problems. These methods included simple variants of exemplar-based learning, and an ID-3-type decision tree learning, implemented in the ASSISTANT program. In the experiments, POSEIDON generated concept descriptions that were both, more accurate and also substantially simpler than those produced by the other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of dithiothreitol on angiotensin II-induced contractions mediated by AT1-receptors in rat portal vein and rabbit aorta (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: AT1-receptors ; Angiotensin II ; Dithiothreitol ; Losartan ; Rat portal vein ; Rabbit aorta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) has been shown to reduce angiotensin II (Ang II) subtype 1 receptor (AT,) binding sites in various tissues. Its effect on Ang II-induced contractions was studied in the rat portal vein and rabbit aorta. In the isolated rat portal vein, DTT shifted the concentration-response curve for Ang II to the right (DTT 0.5–3 mmol/l) and depressed the maximal response (DTT 1–3 mmol/l). DTT 5 mmol/l almost abolished the effect of Ang II. In the isolated rabbit aorta, the inhibitory effect of DTT was more pronounced and its pattern of effect was different,since DTT 0.3 and 0.5 mmol/l caused a progressive flattening of the concentration-response curve of Ang II. DTT (1 mmol/l) fully suppressed the effect of Ang II. A biphasic curve consisting of a high sensitivity component and a component of low sensitivity for Ang II was observed after pretreatment with DTT 1 mmol/l in the rat portal vein but not in the rabbit aorta. In the presence of DTT 1 mmol/l, the AT1-receptor antagonist losartan antagonized the high sensitivity response to Ang II in a competitive manner with a pA2 value very similar to that obtained in the absence of DTT, suggesting that this response to Ang II is mediated by those AT1-receptors which were not inactivated by DTT The biphasic curve may be explained by the occurrence of a single AT1-receptor subtype existing in two different states. Another possibility might be the involvement of two AT1-receptor subpopulations. It is concluded that disulfide bonds are critical for the functional role of AT1-receptors in Ang II-induced contractions in the rat portal vein and rabbit aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169144
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the angiotensin II-receptor subtype in the longitudinal smooth muscle of the rat portal vein (1993)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 347 (1993), S. 220-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Angiotensin II-receptor ; Dithiothreitol ; Nonpeptide angiotensin II-receptor antagonists ; Rat portal vein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to identify the angiotensin II-receptor subtype involved in the enhancement of the amplitude of the phasic contractions by angiotensin II in the isolated rat portal vein preparation. At an extracellular Ca2+ concentration of 0.9 mmol/l and a K+ concentration of 4 mmol/l, angiotensin II induced concentration-dependent increases in the amplitude of the phasic contractions. The enhancement of phasic contraction amplitude caused by angiotensin II was not significantly altered by pretreatment of the rat portal vein with indomethacin 10−5 mol/l or nitro-L-arginine 10−4 mol/l, indicating that neither prostaglandins nor the endothelium derived-relaxing factor (NO) are involved. Losartan (DuP 753), a nonpeptide selective AT1-receptor antagonist, concentration-dependently shifted the concentration-response curve for the effect of angiotensin II on the amplitude of the contractions to the right, without reducing the maximal response (pA2 = 8.6, slope = 0.98), thus suggesting competitive antagonism at the level of AT1-receptors. By contrast, PD 123177, a nonpeptide selective AT2-receptor antagonist, even at 10−5 mol/l, caused no significant change of the phasic myogenic response to angiotensin II, indicating the absence of AT2-receptor involvement. Dithiothreitol, a disulfide-reducing agent which is known to inactivate AT1-receptors in various tissues, markedly inhibited (3 mmol/l) or even abolished (5 mmol/l) the contractile response of the rat portal vein to angiotensin II, supporting the conclusion that these receptors can be classified as AT1-receptors. In conclusion, the receptor subtype mediating the angiotensin II-induced potentiation of the spontaneous phasic contractions in the rat portal vein appears to belong to the AT1-receptor subtype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169271
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The flammability of polyacrylonitrile and its copolymers IV. The flame retardant mechanism of ammonium polyphosphate (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 18 (1994), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ammonium polyphosphate is shown to be an effective flame retardant for homopolymeric and selected fibre-forming copolymers of acrylonitrile. Compared with other phosphates and phosphorus-containing species, it significantly increases both limiting oxygen index and char levels. The mechanism of retardancy is shown to be both physical and chemical in character. When heated to 300°C, the polyphosphate melts and converts to polyphosphoric acid which acts as a physical barrier to surface polymer oxidation and promotes nucleophilic oligomerization of pendant, adjacent nitrile groups. A reduction in the activation energy of this first stage of acrylic polymer degradation suggests that the favoured decomposition route gives rise via oligomerization to char-promoting precursors. Char analyses indicate an empirical formula of C30H13N7P2, which compares favourably with that of a proposed phosphorylated, polynuclear, aromatic heterocyclic structure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810180506
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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