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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • Alzheimer's disease  (2)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  (1)
  • Atrial fibrillation  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Atrial fibrillation ; Cerebral embolism ; Rough endocardium ; Cardiac thrombosis ; Autopsy diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac thrombosis due to atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognized as the most common cause of cerebral embolism. However, sometimes no macroscopic thrombus is found at autopsy in the heart of a victim of this type of cerebral embolism. We investigated morphological changes in the left atrial endocardium of 31 patients (including 21 cases with AF) who had died of cerebral embolism. “Rough endocardium” (RE) seen macroscopically provided evidence for the existence of atrial thrombosis. The RE that appeared in AF cases was due to a granular and wrinkled appearance of the endocardium associated with oedematous and fibrous thickening. Fibrin-thread deposits were also always distinguishable. Mural thrombi and oedema with neutrophil infiltration in the subendocardium could be seen under the microscope. Small areas of endothelial denudation and thrombotic aggregations were commonly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These SEM lesions were significantly more frequent in cases with AF than in controls (P〈 0.001). The diagnostic success rate for atrial thrombosis among cases with AF increased from 33.3% to 81% when thrombi proven by histological investigation of the areas with RE were added. Left atrial RE may be an anatomically relevant finding for the existence of atrial thrombosis with AF, when the thrombosis cannot be detected upon gross observation at autopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Vimentin ; Astrocyte ; Microglia ; Macrophage ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vimentin immunoreactivity was examined in brain tissues from non-neurological and various human central nervous system disease cases. In all brain tissues examined, vimentin immunoreactivity was intensely positive in ependymal cells and subpial tissues, and weakly positive in some capillaries and some white matter astrocytes. In affected areas of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral infarction cases, numerous intensely vimentin-immunopositive astrocytes of both protoplasmic and fibrous morphology were demonstrated. A few such astrocytes were also observed in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. ALS, MS and infarction brains also had numerous, strongly vimentin-positive, round and fat-laden microglia/macrophages. In AD and ALS, a few reactive microglia with irregularly enlarged shapes were vimentin positive. In AD, they were almost exclusively related to senile plaques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; LeY Nick-end labeling ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Expression of LeY, a difucosylated type 2 chain determinant, has been previously identified as a characteristic of cells undergoing apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody for LeY, as well as nick-end labeling for the detection of DNA breaks, was done on cervical spinal cord sections from ten patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and nine patients who had died from other causes. LeY-positive immunoreactivity was seen in the motor neurons of seven ALS cases, but in none of the other cases. Nickend labeling was also positive in four ALS cases. Double staining of motor neurons by anti-LeY antibody and nick-end labeling was shwon in these cases. Other LeY-positive structures, such as reactive astrocytes and fatladen microglia/macrophages in the lateral and anterior columns, were negative for nick-end labeling. These results suggest that the mechanism of cell death in the spinal motor neurons of ALS may be apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Cerebral cortex ; β-amyloid protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spatial pattern of β-amyloid protein (BAP) deposits in Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex was investigated. In cortical areas where the accumulation of BAP was relatively sparse, the deposits tended to accumulate vertically in a columnar arrangement. Typically, these aggregates consisted of both consolidated and diffuse deposits approximately 200 to 600 μm in width. Blood vessels running perpendicularly to the pial surface were sometimes observed penetrating the center of these colunms, but this was not a consistent finding. These BAP extracellular aggregates might be related to the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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