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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of plaid patterns to distinguish the corticofugal and direct retinal inputs to the brainstem optokinetic nystagmus generator (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 324-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Optokinetic nystagmus ; Eye movements ; Plaids ; Brainstem ; Motion perception ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have recorded the direction of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) elicited by moving plaid patterns in order to dissociate the pathways that mediate horizontal OKN. The plaids used comprised two drifting sinusoidal gratings arranged such that their individual directions of drift were very different from the direction of coherent motion of the overall pattern. The direction of OKN with binocular viewing was close to the mean of the component directions, suggesting a dominant influence of cortical visual neurons that respond to oriented one-dimensional components of the image. But the direction of OKN was consistently shifted slightly towards the direction of motion of the overall pattern, suggesting a secondary influence responsive to pattern direction. OKN recordings obtained during monocular viewing suggest that this secondary influence reflects the direct retinal pathway to the brainstem structures mediating OKN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228955
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic evidence of a monosynaptic pathway between cells in the caudal raphé nuclei and sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat spinal cord (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 79 (1990), S. 589-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Raphé-spinal ; PHA-L ; Cholera ; B-HRP ; 5-HT ; Intermediolateral cell column ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological and anatomical studies have suggested the existence of a pathway between the caudal raphé nuclei and regions of the spinal cord containing the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. However synaptic connections between cells in the raphé nuclei and identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons have not yet been shown. We have used a combination of anterograde tracing using Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), retrograde tracing using a conjugate of cholera B chain and HRP and electron microscopy to look for such a pathway in rats. When PHA-L had been injected into the regions mainly restricted to the raphé pallidus and raphé magnus, synaptic contacts were found between PHA-L containing terminals and preganglionic neurons retrogradely labelled from the adrenal medulla. Out of the 43 synaptic contacts analysed, 26 were onto somata and 14 onto dendrites. 75% of the total appeared to have symmetric membrane specialisations, 20% asymmetric and the remainder could not be classified. Synaptic contacts were not seen in an animal in which the PHA-L injection site involved cells in the ventral raphé obscurus and surrounding gigantocellular reticular formation. These findings provide evidence of the existence of a direct monosynaptic pathway between cells in the raphé pallidus and/or caudal raphé magnus, and identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons and give further support for a role for the caudal raphé nuclei in sympathetic autonomic regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229327
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monosynaptic innervation of facial motoneurones by neurones of the parvicellular reticular formation (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 101 (1994), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Facial motor nucleus ; Reticular formation ; Biocytin ; Cholera toxin B ; Synapses ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to determine whether neurones in the parvicellular reticular formation are in direct synaptic contact with motoneurones innervating facial muscles, a combined retrograde and anterograde transport study was carried out in the rat. Animals received injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B conjugated to horseradish peroxidase into facial muscles and of the anterograde tracer biocytin into the parvicellular reticular formation. The facial motor nucleus was then examined for anterograde and retrograde labelling in the light and electron microscopes. Retrogradely labelled neurones were found in the facial motor nucleus with a distribution that was dependent on the muscles injected. Terminals anterogradely labelled with biocytin from the parvicellular reticular formation were observed in the motor nucleus amongst the retrogradely labelled neurones. At the electron microscope, the retrogradely labelled cells were found to receive input from unlabelled terminals and from terminals that were anterogradely labelled from the injections of biocytin in the parvicellular reticular formation. The labelled terminals were 1–2 μm in diameter at the active zone and packed with spherical vesicles. They formed both symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses with their labelled or unlabelled targets. It is concluded that neurones in the parvicellular reticular formation form direct synaptic contact with motoneurones of facial muslces. This may represent a pathway by which the basal ganglia can directly influence orofacial movement, as the substantia nigra is known to project to that part of the reticular formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227336
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography of projections from the motor cortex to rubrospinal units in the cat (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 315-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; Unit recording ; Motor cortex ; Topographical organization ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A topographical study of the cortico-rubrospinal pathway was conducted in cats anesthetized with chloralose. Extracellular unit recordings were made from cells in the red nucleus projecting to the spinal cord. They were identified by antidromic invasion following stimulation of their axones at the 2nd cervical and 9th thoracic levels of the spinal cord. I. The pericruciate cortical regions from which spikes could be induced in rubrospinal neurons were limited to the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus, the lateral sigmoid gyrus and the anterior part of the posterior sigmoid gyrus. No responses were obtained from stimulation of the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus or the gyrus proreus. Compared to the somatotopic organization of the motor cortex for the cat described by Woolsey (1958), our results show that the rubrospinal cells receive projections from the motor cortex controlling proximal and distal muscles but not axial muscles. II. Neurons projecting to the cervico-thoracic cord receive afferents from the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the lateral sigmoid gyrus whereas those projecting to the lumbo-sacral cord receive projections from the entire surface of the sigmoid gyrus except the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the gyrus proreus. III. A latero-medial organization of cells within the red nucleus was found according to the origin of their cortical afferents. Rubrospinal neurons with fibers terminating in the cervical or thoracic cord receive projections from the motor cortex controlling the proximal musculature of the forelimb when they are located in the dorso-lateral region of the nucleus and the entire forelimb motor cortex when they are located in the medial part of the nucleus. It is suggested that this organization may indicate a control of proximal forelimb musculature by dorsolateral rubrospinal cells and distal musculature by medial cells. IV. Rubrospinal cells placed medially in the nucleus receive more convergent projections (i.e. from a greater cortical surface) than cells placed more laterally. It was shown that for certain cells the convergence occurs in the direct pathway. These results are discussed in terms of a functional organization allowing coordinated movements of different segments of a single limb or of different limbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234669
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motion after-effects in cat striate cortex elicited by moving gratings (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Motion after-effects ; Cat ; Visual cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of striate cortical neurones to bars of optimal orientation and width, moving with fixed velocity, were recorded in the lightly anaesthetized cat. Effects of periods of pre-adaptation with square-wave gratings of variable spatial frequency and velocity, drifting continuously in each cell's preferred or null directions, were investigated. Variations of cells' directional bias and responsiveness to oriented bars were assessed in relation to the degree and time-course of pre-adaptation to drifting gratings, compared with the preceding level of firing when exposed to uniform backgrounds of the same average luminance. All cells showed some susceptibility to pre-adapting moving gratings: subsequent responses to a bar were initially depressed in the direction of pre-adaptation and, in direction-biased or bidirectional cells, were enhanced in the opposite direction, compared with bar responses following exposure merely to a uniform background. These effects were strongest and most consistent amongst standard complex cells and weakest amongst special complex cells: maximal effects were obtained with adapting gratings of optimal velocity and spatial frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235938
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Herstellung und physiologischen Eigenschaften einiger Acetylenverbindungen und verwandter Stoffe. 2. Mitteilung. Über die Umlagerung von 3,4-Di-p-anisyl-3-ol-hexin-(1) (1953)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 36 (1953), S. 1949-1955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts to remove water from 3,4-di-p-anisyl-1-hexyn-3-ol in acid medium resulted in rearrangement according to Meyer-Schuster principally and to Rupe to a minor extent. None of the derivatives of these rearrangement products reached the oestrogenicity of stilboestrol. The dehydration of 3,4-di-p-anisyl-3-hexen-2-ol does not lead to the expected diene but to the corresponding methylether of the known 1-ethyl-2-p-hydroxyphenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxyindene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19530360734
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige β-substituierte Fettsäureamide mit lokalanästhetischer Wirkung (1955)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 38 (1955), S. 1085-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation and properties of further fatty acid anilides showing anaesthetic action are described and the relationship between chemical constitution and physiological effect is discussed. Two very active compounds having relatively low toxicities have been discovered, namely:-β-piperidino-n-butyric-acid-2,4-dichloranilide (XIV) and β-(2-methylpiperidino)-n-butyric-acid-anilide (V). A number of similar anilides show high activities, but other undesirable properties such as tissue irritation render them less useful.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19550380502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence des substituants sur la vitesse de racémisation des cétones à carbone dissymétrique en alpha (1960)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 1915-1927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rates of racemisation, under constant conditions of pH and temperature, of two series of ketones with an asymmetric C-atom in α have been determined. As would be expected, substituents in the α position to the keto group influence the rate of racemisation, and it has been found possible to assess the relative electron donating or electron attracting effect of aliphatic, aliphatic-aromatic or aromatic substituents by measuring their influence on the rate of racemisation of a ketone containing the substituent considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19600430705
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige β-substituierte Fettsäureamide mit lokalanästhetischer Wirkung. 4. Mitteilung (1959)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 42 (1959), S. 1764-1771 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation and properties of some new β-alkylamino-butyric anilides have been described and a summary report on some of their pharmacological properties is given. Two derivatives (the p-(carbo-n-butoxy)-anilides of β-diethylamino- and of β-(1-piperidino)- butyric acid = XVI and XVIII) show promise as very active local anaesthetics with low toxicities. One derivative (β-N-pyrrolidino-n-butyric acid anilide = XXVII) shows strong potentiation of the sedative properties of barbiturates.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19590420603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige β-Dialkylaminobuttersäureamide mit anästhetischer Wirkung (1953)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 36 (1953), S. 1698-1705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of some β-alkylaminobutyric-acid-amides from the corresponding crotonic acid amides and dimethyl or diethylamine under pressure at 100-150° is described. Two diethylamino acetic acid amides were prepared by reacting N-benzyl-chloracetamide or N-(pethoxybenzyl)-chloracetamide with diethylamine. All these β-dialkyl-aminobutyric and dialkylaminoacetic acid amides show local anaesthetic activity. Two of them (β-diethylaminobutyric acid anilide and β-diethylamino-butyric acid-p-phenetidide) show promise as long acting anaesthetics of low toxicity for nerve block anaesthesia, and are under clinical investigation.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19530360703
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