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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • Chemistry  (1)
  • Cholesterol  (1)
  • Hypertension  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 990-992 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Salt restriction ; Lipoproteins ; Cholesterol ; Obesity ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible increase in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol following severe restriction of dietary NaCl was reported in 1990 and and 1991 from three experiments, one in the United States and two in Germany. Each of these experiments lasted only 1 week. To evaluate the clinical side effects we analyzed data collected from patients who completed a course of NaCl-restricted weight reduction at the Duke Diet and Fitness Center. Observations of lipid changes are not available for periods of less than 3 weeks; however, we were able to collect data on lipid and lipoprotein changes from 556 participants 25 days after they were referred for weight reduction. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels returned to normal in the majority of obese patients. In our slightly longer observation period in patients on a 1000 mg NaCl restricted diet we found no evidence of hyperlipidemic side effects. We believe that the hyperlipidemia resulting from severe sodium restriction in non-hypertensive, normal-weight individuals is not relevant to the problem of nonpharmacological and diuretic treatment of obese hypertensive patients. In clinically healthy, normal-weight, normotensive individuals severe salt restriction serves no practical or therapeutic purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 18-28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of purity, cold work and welding on creep rupture behaviour of X20 CrMoV 12 1 tubes at 550 °CIn the water steam circuit of the German Thorium High Temperature Reactor (THTR 300) a high tempered martensitic X20 CrMoV 12 1 steel with low P and S contents and improved impact toughness was used at the first time for live steam and reheater pipes. There were similar and dissimilar weldings (with austenitic steel alloy 800). Small pipes were cold bended.Therefore ABB started a material testing programm supported by BMFT.Creep rupture tests at 550 °C til 60 000 h led to following results:-Creep rupture strength and 1 % creep strain limit of the tougher grade lie in the lower half of the commercial steel scatterband.-Under service creep loadings tertiary creep begins after a life-time of about 60% resp. a plastic elongation of about 1 %.-The creep damage can be described by microstructural classes.-Only for small stress ranges there are nearly constant creep stress exponents which are independent from the melts.-Low loading speeds reduce static elastic moduls.-Cold work reduces creep rupture strength and deformation.-Under stress transverse to welding joints the design according to creep rupture strength of the base material must include a reduction factor. The fine grained part of the HAZ is the weakest area.With the results of long-time examinations the design of future HTR-plants, fossil-fired power stations, and chemical plants may furtherly be optimized.
    Notes: Im Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf des THTR wurde erstmals im Kraftwerksbau ein P- und S-armer, hoch angelassener martensitischer 12% CrMoV-Stahl mit verbesserter Kerbschlagzähigkeit für FD-, Zwischenüberhitzer- sowie Kleinleitungen eingesetzt. Dabei kommen artgleiche Rohrschweißverbindungen und auf der Dampferzeugerseite die Mischverbindung mit dem austenitischen Stahl X5 NiCrAlTi 3120 vor. Beim Biegen der Kleinleitungen trat Kaltverformung auf.Im Rahmen der vom BMFT geförderten Werkstoffprogramme wurden vorlaufende und betriebsbegleitende Zeitstandversuche an mehreren Schmelzen bis derzeit rund 60 000 h bei 550 °C durchgeführt, die zu folgenden Ergebnissen führten:-Die Zeitstandfestigkeit und 1 %-Zeitdehngrenze der zäheren Variante liegt in der unteren Streubandhälfte der Stahlsorte.-Bei betriebsnaher Zeitstandbeanspruchung muß damit gerechnet werden, daß der 3. Kriechbereich des Grundwerkstoffs und des artgleichen Schweißgutes nach rund 60% der Standzeit bis Bruch bzw. nach einer bleibenden Dehnung von etwa 1% beginnt.-Für verschiedene Spannungsbereiche können annähernd konstante, schmelzenunabhängige Kriechspannungsexponenten angegeben werden.-Eine langsame Belastungsgeschwindigkeit beeinträchtigt den stat. E-Modul.-Zeitstandfestigkeit und -bruchverformung werden durch Kaltverformung beeinträchtigt.-Bei Beanspruchung quer zur Schweißnaht müssen bei der Auslegung gegen die Zeitstandfestigkeit Schweißminderungsfaktoren berücksichtigt werden. Die feinkörnige WEZ ist der zeitstandfestigkeitsmaßig schwächste Bereich.Mit den gewonnenen Ergebnissen kann die Auslegung künftiger HTR-Anlagen, konventioneller Kraftwerke und Chemieanlagen weiter optimiert werden.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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