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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cholesterol ; Intervention ; Hypertension ; CHD reduction ; Trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Over the past 6 years, major hypertension intervention studies in Europe, Australia, and the USA have shown disappointing results in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in spite of adequate treatment and good compliance. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that hypertensives with or without treatment display higher cholesterol levels than normotensive persons. The present review examines cholesterol levels in six intervention studies, none of which offered dietary or drug therapy for hypercholesterolemic patients. The Oslo study and the British MRC Trial reported very high average cholesterol levels and both showed no protection from CHD through intensive therapy in comparison to control patients. The Australian and the American MRFIT studies produced evidence for reduced coronary mortality among hypertensives with low in contrast to those with high cholesterol levels. The European Working Party showed indirectly that patients with marked reduction in blood pressureand cholesteral had a significantly lower cardiac mortality compared to placebo-treated patients. The IPPPSH study found that increasing cholesterol levels in hypertensives under beta blockeror diuretic therapy increased the risk of myocardial infarction. Failure to reduce cholesterol in hypertensive patients apparently is a major reason for the limited efficacy of antihypertensive treatment in the reduction of CHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 990-992 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Salt restriction ; Lipoproteins ; Cholesterol ; Obesity ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible increase in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol following severe restriction of dietary NaCl was reported in 1990 and and 1991 from three experiments, one in the United States and two in Germany. Each of these experiments lasted only 1 week. To evaluate the clinical side effects we analyzed data collected from patients who completed a course of NaCl-restricted weight reduction at the Duke Diet and Fitness Center. Observations of lipid changes are not available for periods of less than 3 weeks; however, we were able to collect data on lipid and lipoprotein changes from 556 participants 25 days after they were referred for weight reduction. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels returned to normal in the majority of obese patients. In our slightly longer observation period in patients on a 1000 mg NaCl restricted diet we found no evidence of hyperlipidemic side effects. We believe that the hyperlipidemia resulting from severe sodium restriction in non-hypertensive, normal-weight individuals is not relevant to the problem of nonpharmacological and diuretic treatment of obese hypertensive patients. In clinically healthy, normal-weight, normotensive individuals severe salt restriction serves no practical or therapeutic purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 800-803 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Prostaglandins 15 (1978), S. 193-197 
    ISSN: 0090-6980
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: LDL Cholesterol ; Triglycerides ; Diabetes ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five hundred and ninety-nine overweight patients participated for at least 4 weeks in the weight reducing and physical activity promoting Diet and Fitness Center program at Duke University. Twenty-three percent were diabetic and 49% hypertensive. With only modest weight loss (11.8 kg in males and 8.2 kg in females) abnormal levels of blood pressure, fasting blood suger, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides normalized. It was very rewarding to see these results achieved in a very limited period of time. Improvements in the lipid profile were consistent with the predicted outcome of obesity treatment stated by the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: colon cancer cells ; mdr-1 ; volume-activated chloride-currents ; patch clamp ; RT-PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Correlation between expression of the mdr-1 genes (a and b) at the mRNA and protein level and volume-activation of chloride-channels was studied in rat colon cancer CC531 cells by means of RT-PCR, Western blotting and patch clamp, respectively. Three different kinds of cell lines were used: CC531-PAR, CC531-COL and CC531-REV. At the mRNA level, the parental cell line CC531-PAR showed significantly less mdr-1a expression in comparison with CC531-COL, a drug-resistant cell line induced from the parental CC531 cells by growth in the presence of colchicin. The third cell line, CC531-REV, was a spontaneous revertant of the drug-resistant cell line to a drug-sensitive one, but with a maintained level of mdr-1a mRNA. In none of the three cell lines, mdr-1b mRNA could be detected At the protein level, a clear difference in mdr1 expression between CC531-PAR/REV and CC531-COL was observed. Although the amount of mdr-1a mRNA detected in CC531-REV was comparable to that found in CC531-COL, the amount of mdr-1 encoded protein in CC531-REV was remarkably reduced. In all three cell types, cell swelling activated chloride-currents which could be blocked by NPPB. Chloride-currents measured at the K+ reversal potential of-90 mV were not significantly different (−86.1±19.1 pA/pF, n=5 in CC531-PAR, −59.5±13.1 pA/pF, n=6 in CC531-COL and −68.1±15.3 pA/pF, n=7 in CC531-REV). It is proposed that the mdr-1 genes do not code for the volume-activated chloride-current in these rat colon cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 9 (1969), S. 388-396 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 15 (1976), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Gesamtsterblichkeit an allen Todesursachen ist gleichmäßig auf starke und schwache Kaffeekonsumenten verteilt. Tab. 1 zeigt sogar, daß die Kaffeetrinker von 5 Tassen und mehr pro Tag unter den weißen Männern eine etwas niedrigere Sterblichkeit an allen Todesursachen haben als die wenig oder nicht Kaffee trinkenden Personen. 2. Die Apoplexie-Mortalität zeigte in diesen 4 1/2 Jahren divergierende und schwer erklärliche Unterschiede in den vier Geschlechts- und Rasse-Untergruppen. Während weiße Männer und Neger (die die höchste Apoplexierate in diesem Teil der USA zu verzeichnen haben) in derstarken Kaffeekonsumgruppe keinen einzigen Fall von Zerebralinfarkt oder Gehirnblutung hatten und in der wenig oder keinen Kaffee trinkenden Gruppe 2,8% bzw. 3,2% mit tödlicher Apoplexie gefunden wurden, bot das weibliche Geschlecht ein anderes Ergebnis: Weiße Frauen und Negerinnen mit Kaffeetrinkgewohnheiten von 5 Tassen und mehr pro Tag hatten ein höheres Apoplexierisiko als die wenig Kaffee trinkenden Frauen. 3. Die Myokardinfarkt-Mortalität zeigte keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen starken und schwachen Kaffeetrinkern in allen vier Untergruppen, nachdem die Altersberichtigung durchgeführt und die Rauchgewohnheiten mitkontrolliert wurden. 4. Die Tatsache, daß die am meisten für Apoplexie gefährdete Gruppe von Männern im Südosten der USA unter starken Kaffeetrinkern keinen Todesfall aufwies, sowie die statistisch nicht signifikanten Unterschiede in der Myokard-infarkt-Sterblichkeit zwischen stark oder wenig Kaffee trinkenden Personen in dieser prospektiven Studie, und vor allem die leicht erhöhte Gesamtsterblichkeit an allen Todesursachen bei den wenig oder keinen Kaffee trinkenden weißen Männern, stellt u. E. alle Spekulationen über einen krankheitsfördernden Einfluß des Kaffees in Frage. 5. Obwohl die Zahl der Todesfälle (n=339) ziemlich groß ist, d. h. 13% Mortalität in dieser Gemeinde innerhalb von 4 1/2 Jahren, ist die statistische Analyse erschwert durch vier Geschlechts- und Rassegruppen mit weiterer Unterteilung in 2 Kaffee-Konsumgruppen. Um die Behauptungen über schädliche Auswirkungen eines hohen Kaffee-Verbrauches auf das Myokard oder die Koronargefäße zu widerlegen, müßte man mit noch größerem Zahlenmaterial arbeiten. Aber im Hinblick auf unseren wichtigsten Befund — daß die Sterblichkeit an allen Todesursachen unter starken Kaffeetrinkern nicht erhöht ist — erlauben wir uns die Ansicht, daß weitere Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema eine unfruchtbare Zeitverschwendung darstellen.
    Notes: Summary Total mortality showed no association with heavy coffee consumption in the four race-sex groups of Evans County. Deaths from coronary heart disease in WM, WF and BM showed no statistically significant differences between the two coffee consuming groups. Sex differences in cerebrovascular death rates, consistent in both races, suggest the possibility for a female excess of stroke deaths among coffee drinkers, and a “protective” effect of coffee drinking among males. Thus, in an area of the United States which has been designated the “Stroke Belt”, neither the cardiovascular nor the cerebrovascular death rates seem strongly nor consistently related to coffee drinking habits. Although the number of deaths (339) is fairly large, representing a 13% mortality in this community over a four and one-half year observation period, the classification in four race-sex groups with further division into the groups with different coffee drinking habits limits each stratum to rather small numbers. In addition, 86 cases of CHD and CVD were diagnosed during lifetime already and, therefore, were excluded from the prospective mortality study. Confidently to refute or conflrm the allegations of a detrimental influence of high coffee intake on ischemic heart disease one would need larger numbers. But in the light of our most important finding — that mortality from all causes is not increased in the high coffee consuming group — the finding of increased ischemic heart disease death rates with high coffee consumption would have to be compensated by a provocative, lower rate for other causes of death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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