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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes encoding ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase are duplicated in Pseudomonas carboxydovorans and conserved in carboxydotrophic bacteria (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1991), S. 92-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Carboxydotrophic bacteria ; Ribulosebis-phosphate carboxylase ; Phosphoribulokinase ; Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Genetics ; CO2 fixation ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Pseudomonas carboxydovorans ; Rhodospirillum rubrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heterologous gene probes derived from cfxLp and cfxPp genes of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 revealed the presence of structural genes encoding ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK) on the genome of carboxydotrophic bacteria. The two genes were found to be rather conserved. In Pseudomonas carboxydovorans OM5 cfx genes reside on the plasmid pHCG3 and the chromosome as well, indicating that they are duplicated. Also in all plasmidharboring carboxydotrophic bacteria cfxL and cfxP structural genes were found to be plasmid-coded. Our results extend the list of carboxydotrophy structural genes residing on the plasmid pHCG3 and strongly support the idea that the components essential for the chemolithoautotrophic utilization of CO by Pseudomonas carboxydovorans OM5 are plasmid-coded. A cfxL gene probe from Rhodospirillum rubrum did not detectably hybridize with DNA from any of the carboxydotrophic bacteria examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245342
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of the tac-promoter by lactose under fermentation conditions (1991)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 11 (1991), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of the expensive IPTG for induction of the tac-promoter is not practicable at the industrial scale because of the large amounts necessary for induction. We developed a system in which IPTG as inducer was replaced by lactose which induces the tac-promoter with the same efficiency. In E. coli CW3011 (pOF1.0) lactose is utilized as inducer and carbon source even in the presence of glucose, presumably as a consequence of the overproduction of lac-permease.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370110107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presentation of cell membranes by freeze-fracture electron microscopy (1990)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 10 (1990), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Freeze-fracturing is especially suitable for the investigation of membrane structures. In contrast to ultrathin sectioning, large areas of the membranes are exposed. The true surface of membranes, however, can be seen only after etching (vacuum sublimation of ice) because during fracturing the frozen membrane is split between the two lipid layers. The representation of the hydrophobic region of the membrane reveals particles representing integral membrane proteins or, exceptionally, micelles of membrane lipids. Special structures on microbial membranes are, e.g., regular particle arrangements, invaginations and lipid domains with a periodic pattern of curvatures. There are still many unsolved questions concerning these structures, but the occurrence or the alteration of such structures as well as the density of “etching holes” on the membrane fracture face can be used as indicators for membrane perturbations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370100206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The differential expression of the G surface antigen alleles in Paramecium primaurelia heterozygous cells correlates to macronuclear DNA rearrangement (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 306-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Surface antigen ; Paramecium primaurelia ; macronuclear DNA ; DNA rearrangement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Paramecium primaurelia cell surface is covered with a high molecular weight protein called the surface antigen. Several genes encode alternative surface antigens, but only one is expressed at a time. In addition, each of these genes shows a high degree of allelic polymorphism. Paramecium primaurelia strains 156 and 168 have different alleles of the G antigen gene whose respective antigens can be distinguished in vivo using specific antibodies. An interallelic exclusion phenomenon has been previously described: 94% of the 156/168 heterozygotes express only the 156 allele of the G gene; 6% express both the 156 and the 168 alleles. The phenotype of the heterozygotes is determined at the time of macronuclear differentiation. We have investigated the molecular basis for the different heterozygous phenotypes. Both mRNAs are always produced, and the 156 mRNA is always more abundant than the 168 mRNA. The relative amounts of these messages, however, vary greatly between different heterozygotes and parallel their phenotype. Pushing the analysis further, we show that the copy number of each allele in the macronucleus correlates with the relative amounts of the mRNAs. However, allelic dosage alone is not sufficient to explain the variations of the mRNA ratio. The G antigen gene is located near a telomere in the macronucleus. We show that the distance between the 156G gene and the telomere is different in homozygotes and heterozygotes. It also varies among heterozygotes and is correlated with the mRNA ratio. Thus, we have identified two different parameters, both linked to the genome rearrangements occurring during macronuclear differentiation, that correlate with the relative expression of the two alleles. Two hypotheses concerning the influence of the telomere position on the expression of the gene are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020130408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suicide is not the inevitable outcome of “perpetual” selfing in tetrahymenines collected from natural habitats (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Perpetual selfers ; stable progeny from selfers ; Tetrahymena australis ; T. elliotti ; T. shangaiensis ; tetrahymenines ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A significant fraction of the Tetrahymena clones isolated from natural habitats self (mating occurs within a clone). Early attempts to study such clones failed because stable subclones were rarely, if ever, observed, and isolated pairs all died. Isozyme analysis revealed that these wild selfers were a diverse group; some were very similar to T. australis, a species with synclonal mating type determination and to T. elliotti, shown recently to have a karyonidal mating type system. One originally stable clone of T. australis included some selfing clones after a few years in our laboratory. Other clones manifested unique zymograms.Subclones isolated from 18 selfer strains were heterogeneous. All subclones of several selfers mated massively at each transfer through 100 fissions. Selfing among subclones of other selfers was highly variable or not observed. Although 77% of the pairs isolated died, and 9% of the pair cultures selfed, 15 selfers yielded some viable nonselfing “immature” progeny. Additional immature progeny were obtained by isolating pairs from macronuclear retention synclones. Although some “immature” progeny eventually selfed, most remained stable. Giemsa staining revealed macronuclear anlagen in nearly all mating pairs and some anomalies. Crosses among the F1 progeny clones of the T. elliotti selfers yield viability data comparable to those from crosses among normal strains. Perhaps perpetual selfing is a mechanism of getting rid of deleterious combinations of genes and uncovering better combinations in homozygous state by playing genetic roulette. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020130108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone 4 gene of Euplotes octocarinatus (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 16-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Nucleotide sequence of macronuclear chromosome ; multiple introns ; ciliate pheromone ; UGA codon translation ; leader peptide ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have cloned and sequenced a 1.7 kb macronuclear chromosome encoding the pheromone 4 gene of Euplotes octocarinatus. The sequence of the secreted pheromone is preceded by a 42 amino acid leader peptide, which ends with a lysine residue. The sequence coding for the leader peptide contains information for a putative signal peptide and is interrupted by a 772 bp intron as shown by comparison with a cDNA clone. A 64 bp intron and a 145 bp intron interrupt the sequence coding for the secreted pheromone. The three introns contain typical 5′ and 3′ splice junctions and a putative branch point site. The small introns have a low GC content. The large intron has a GC content similar to that of the pheromone 4 gene exons. The amino acid sequence of pheromone 4, deduced from both the genomic DNA and the cDNA of pheromone 4, shows that the secreted pheromone consists of 85 amino acids. One of its amino acids is encoded by a UGA codon. Since it has been shown for pheromone 3 of E. octocarinatus that UGA is translated as cysteine, it is assumed that the UGA codon encodes cysteine in pheromone 4 as well. The 164 bp noncoding region upstream of the leader peptide is AT-rich and contains an inverted repeat capable of forming a stem-loop structure with a stem of 11 bp. The 151 bp noncoding region at the 3′ end of the chromosome contains a putative polyadenylation sequence and an inverted repeat. The macro-nuclear molecule is flanked by telomeres and carries the pentanucleotide motif TTGAA, located at a distance of 17 nucleotides from the telomeres. This motif has been suggested to be involved in the formation of macronuclear chromosomes. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020130104
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