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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The blink reflex and muscle tenderness in tension-type headache (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1406391-6.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of peppermint and eucalyptus oil preparations on neurophysiological and experimental algesimetric headache parameters (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : American Association for the Study of Headache/Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of peppermint oil and eucalyptus oil preparations on neurophysiological, psychological and experimental algesimetric parameters were investigated in 32 healthy subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over design. Four different test preparations were applied to large areas of the forehead and temples using a small sponge and their effect was evaluated by comparing baseline and treatment measure. The combination of peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil and ethanol increased cognitive performance and had a muscle-relaxing and mentally relaxing effect, but had little influence on pain sensitivity. A significant analgesic effect with a reduction in sensitivity to headache was produced by a combination of peppermint oil and ethanol. The essential plant oil preparations often used in empiric medicine can thus be shown by laboratory tests to exert significant effects on mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of headache.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.014003228.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epidemiology of headache in Germany: a nationwide survey of a representative sample on the basis of the headache classification of the International Headache Society (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study presents the first account of the prevalence of headache syndromes, defined according to the International Headache Society criteria, in a large representative sample of the German population; 5000 persons representative of the total population were selected from 30,000 households. Subjects were requested to answer a questionnaire about headache occurrence during their lifetime. The completion rate was 81.2%. Seventy-one point four percent (n = 2902) reported a history of headache. Twenty-seven point five percent fulfilled the criteria for migraine. Thirty-eight point three percent (n = 1557) met the criteria for tension-type headache and 5.6% (n = 229) did not fulfil criteria for either migraine or tension-type headache. Significant correlations were found between the prevalence of the different headache syndromes and sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and place of residence. The prevalence of headache did not exhibit any significant differences between the various länder (states or regions) of Germany. When extrapolated to the total population these results reveal that 54 million people in Germany suffer from headache at least occasionally or persistently. These findings suggest that the magnitude of the neurological disorders, migraine and tension-type headache, is seriously underestimated and thus constitutes a major contemporary health problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1402097.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity during migraine attack and migraine interval before and after treatment with sumatriptan (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We compared the early (ESI) and late (ES2) exteroceptive suppression (ES) periods of temporalis muscle activity in 18 migraine patients during both the migraine interval and migraine attack and investigated the effect of sumatriptan and placebo on ES parameters. The measurements were performed in a balanced sequence at four different times on each patient, twice during the migraine interval and once in each of two migraine attacks. First ES1 and ES2 were measured (stimulus intensity 20 mA, stimulus duration 0.2 ms, stimulation frequency 2 Hz, averaging of 10 responses), then the medication was given on a double-blind basis with an autoinjector using either 6 mg sumatriptan or a placebo solution. Thirty minutes after application the measurements were repeated. No significant differences were found in early and late exteroceptive suppression latencies and durations between baseline measurements. Treatment did not affect the latencies of ESI and ES2. While sumatriptan caused a significant increase in ES1 duration (p £ 0.05) both during the migraine interval and during the migraine attack, placebo showed no significant effect on ES1 duration. Treatment with sumatriptan during the migraine attack was accompanied by a significant increase in the duration of ES2 (p £ 0.05), but no significant changes in the durations of the late suppression periods were observed under any other conditions. The results do not support the assumption that under the experimental conditions chosen migraine attacks are accompanied by a paroxysmal change in the brain-stem mechanisms involved in the modulation of the ES parameters. Since sumatriptan during the migraine interval selectively lengthens ES1 but not ES2, it can be assumed that the substance has a primary effect on brain-stem mechanisms in migraine patients that cannot be explained in terms of secondary pain-induced mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1402143.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deactivation of a Palladium-Supported Alumina Catalyst by Hydrogen Sulfide during the Oxidation of Methane (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 3567-3570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00022a032
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdiffusion and short-range order in amorphous Ta-Si multilayer structures (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2694-2701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sequential sputter deposition of amorphous 4-nm-thick Ta and 7-nm-thick Si layers leads to the formation of a periodic multilayer that can be regarded as a synthetic one-dimensional crystal. A simple kinematical diffraction model is presented to discuss x-ray diffraction patterns obtained from the multilayer structure during annealing. Post-deposition annealing up to temperatures above 530 °C, where the lattice structure disappears, leads to Si diffusion into the Ta layers forming a nonstoichiometric Ta-Si phase. The high diffusion rate of Si in Ta leads to a homogeneous distribution of Si in the Ta (silicide) regimes. As shown by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, the interfaces remain sharp during the interdiffusion process. This makes the observation of low-angle Bragg reflections up to the 12th order possible. The local atomic structure around the Ta atoms was analyzed by measuring the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure above the Ta LIII edge at different probing depth conditions. During annealing the local Ta environment was found to be TaSi2 like, even if only a small portion of the Si has diffused into the Ta layers, and the silicide formation is far from stoichiometry. The formation of a Ta suboxide was detected in the surface region of the top Ta layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346469
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of growth associated protein 43 and neural cell adhesion molecule in congenital fibre type disproportion with interstitial myositis (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Congenital fibre type disproportion (CFTD) ; FInterstitial myositis ; GAP43 ; NCAM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on the expression of growth associated protein (GAP)43 and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in congenital fibre type disproportion (CFTD) with myopathological additional signs of interstitial myositis. We assume that sarcolemmal GAP43 in developmental disordered myocytes plays a role in maintenance of growth morphology. In muscular dystrophy light microscopical evaluation reveals no GAP43 immunoreactivity in regenerating fibres. The expression of GAP43 seems to be a characteristic feature of CFTD. The expression of NCAM, particularly in the sarcolemma of small muscle fibres of CFTD, indicates a functional state of permanent partial denervation. Whether the steroid-responsive interstitial myositis is pathogenetically related to CFTD or a coincidental inflammation is not known. Because of the clinical and myopathological data the differential diagnosis of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193957
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the Texture Determination of Thin Films from X-Ray Diffraction Measurements (1994)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 157-162 (May 1994), p. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/00/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.157-162.159.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rietveld Refinement of the Phase of NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 Measured In-Situ under Different Diffraction Geometries (1994)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 166-169 (July 1994), p. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/00/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.166-169.489.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the dispersive correction f'(E) to the atomic form factor from X-ray reflection (1992)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 48 (1992), S. 626-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is shown in this paper that the reflectivity of X-rays at smooth and fiat surfaces gives the dispersive correction f′(E) to the atomic form factor with an accuracy comparable to that obtained by X-ray interferometry. A detailed set of values of f′(E) in the energy range 7–27 keV is given for Ni, Cu, CuO, Ta, LiTaO3, Pt and Au, together with the corresponding linear absorption coefficients μ/ρ. Whenever comparison is possible the values of f′(E) agree very well with those obtained by interferometry or by Kramers–Kronig transformation. Data calculated according to Cromer & Liberman [J. Chem. Phys. (1970). 53, 1891–1898] agree well with our data far from absorption edges. At the edges there are substantial differences because the calculations do not take into account the structure of the edges, their chemical shift in compounds and the EXAFS structure above the edges. Below absorption edges the values of f′(E) for metals and their oxides are equal, provided the chemical shift in the position of the edges is taken care of. This feature is interesting in anomalous scattering experiments, where the variation off' with energy is used to vary the scattering contrast of a given atomic species. Once f′(E) is known, X-ray reflectivity measurements can be used to determine the density and the thickness of layers on fiat substrates. In addition, the roughness of the air-layer and layer-substrate interfaces have been determined with high precision in the metals and oxides mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767391009790
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