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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Multisulphated N-Linked Glycans in the L2/HNK-1 Carbohydrate Epitope Expressing Neural Adhesion Molecule P0 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: P0, the most abundant glycoprotein of PNS myelin, is a homophilic and heterophilic adhesion molecule. P0 is known to contain a glycofonn population that expresses the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope found on other neural adhesion molecules, and to be functionally implicated centrally in neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. This carbohydrate epitope has been characterized previously from glycolipid structures and contains a sulphated glucuronic acid residue. However, the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope has not been characterized in glycoproteins. Because P0 possesses only one glycosylation sequon, the number of P0 glycoforms is equal to the heterogeneity of the glycan species. Here we report that the carbohydrate analysis of L2/HNK-1-reactive P0 showed the presence of anionic structures containing sialic acid and sulphate in various combinations. At least one sulphate residue was present in 80% of the monosaccharide sequences, and 20% contained three sulphates. High-resolution P4 gel chromatography of the desialylated and desulphated oligosaccharides showed substantial heterogeneity of monosaccharide sequences. Sequential exoglycosidase digestions indicated that the majority of the structures were of the hybrid class, although the sulphated structures were found to be en-doglycosidase H-resistant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09353.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The L2/HNK-1 Carbohydrate Epitope is Involved in the Preferential Outgrowth of Motor Neurons on Ventral Roots and Motor Nerves (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Based on the observation that in adult mice the carbohydrate epitope L2/HNK-1 is detectable on Schwann cells in ventral spinal roots, but only scarcely in dorsal roots (Martini et al., Dev. Biol., 129, 330–338, 1988), the possibility was investigated that the carbohydrate is involved in the outgrowth of regenerating motor neuron axons on peripheral nerve substrates expressing the epitope. To monitor whether the L2 carbohydrate remains present during the time periods in which regenerating axons penetrate the denervated distal nerve stumps, the expression of L2 in motor and sensory branches of the femoral nerve was investigated in normal animals and after a crush lesion. During the first two postoperative weeks, L2 immunoreactivity remained high in the myelinating Schwann cells of the motor branch, whereas L2 immunoreactivity was virtually absent in the sensory branch. In a first experimental approach, cryosections of ventral and dorsal spinal roots and of motor and sensory nerves of adult rats and mice were used as substrates for neurite outgrowth. Neurites of motor neurons from chicken embryos were ∼35% longer after 30 h of maintenance on ventral roots than on dorsal roots. Neurites from sensory neurons had the same length on dorsal as on ventral motors and were as long as neurites from motor neurons grown on dorsal roots. L2 antibodies reduced neurite outgrowth of motor neurons on ventral roots but not on dorsal roots. Neurite outgrowth of sensory neurons on both roots was not altered by the antibodies. Neurite outgrowth of motor neurons on a mixture of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin and the L2 carbohydrate-carrying glycolipid was significantly higher than on the laminin substrate mixture with GD1b ganglioside or sulphatide. L2 antibodies reduced neurite outgrowth of motor neurons by 50% on the L2 glycolipid, but not on GD1b or sulphatide. These observations indicate that the L2 carbohydrate promotes neurite outgrowth of motor neurons in vitro and may thus contribute to the preferential reinnervation of motor nerves by regenerating motor axons in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00171.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hearing through the lungs: Lung-eardrum transmission of sound in the frogEleutherodactylus coqui (1990)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 77 (1990), S. 192-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131168
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Range of motion after total condylar knee arthroplasty (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 111 (1992), S. 280-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study the function of the knee measured at a medium-follow-up of 5–6 years was correlated with influencing factors concerning the implant of total condylar knee prosthesis in 90 patients. The only variable affecting postoperative extension was the preoperative range of extension whereas postoperative flexion was influenced by the preoperative flexion, valgus deviation of the preoperative AP tibal-femoral angle, position of the patella, and thickness of the resection of the distal femur cut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571524
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations of tetrachloroethene in blood and trichloroacetic acid in urine in workers and neighbours of dry-cleaning shops (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 63 (1992), S. 393-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Tetrachloroethene ; Trichloroacetic acid ; Dry cleaning ; Staff ; Neighbours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tetrachloroethene concentrations in blood and trichloroacetic acid concentrations in urine were determined — primarily over the course of a week — for 29 persons living in the vicinity of dry-cleaning shops. The mean levels of tetrachloroethene increased during the week. In some neighbours concentrations were exceeding the German biological threshold limit value for tetrachloroethene (1000 μg/l blood), persisting over the whole week in one case. The concentrations of tetrachloroethene in blood depended on the floor and the construction type of the building where these people were living, but not of the type of system used in the dry-cleaning shops. 5 of 12 drycleaners were found to have tetrachloroethene levels exceeding the German biological threshold limit value, some of them by a considerable amount.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386934
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of large-scale hydrazinolysis in the preparation ofN-linked oligosaccharide libraries: application to brain tissue (1992)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 9 (1992), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: N-linked ; oligosaccharide library ; L2/HNK-1 epitope ; anionicity ; murine brain ; large scale hydrazinolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this report, we describe the preparation of a library ofN-linked glycans from whole murine brain obtained by the large-scale hydrazinolysis of an acetone powder of the tissue followed by chromatographic procedures. 84% of the characterized oligosaccharides were found to be anionic, the remainder neutral. The anionic species were successively neutralized by neuraminidase (29%), aq. hydrofluoric acid (30%), and methanolysis (26%), indicating that approximately equal portions were sensitive to desialylation, dephosphorylation and desulfation, respectively. The presence of the sulfated fraction was confirmed by direct35SO4 metabolic labelling. A residual partially characterized fraction was found to be anionic through possession of carboxylic acid groups, unrelated to sialic acid. The purified oligosaccharides, in the absence of their original protein conjugates, were shown to retain those immunological characteristics essential for recognition by a specific monoclonal antibody, LS (412), that is known to recognize a carbohydrate epitope present on a number of neural adhesion molecules and functional in neural cell adhesion. These properties confirm the viability of scaling up the size of the hydrazinolysis procedure and adapting it to whole tissue for the production of glycan libraries and for the probing of structures of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00731089
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of structural elements of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope required for its function (1994)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 11 (1994), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate ; antibody recognition ; laminin binding ; neural migration and process outgrowth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope has been shown to carry an unusual 3′-sulfoglucuronic acid linkedO-glycosidically through a neolactosyl-type back bone to a ceramide residue. Using monoclonal antibodies, the same or a closely related epitope has also been detectedN-glycosidically linked to glycoproteins, amongst them several neural cell adhesion molecules. We used synthetic glycolipids carrying sulfated or non-sulfated glucuronic acid attached to ceramide through glycans of different length to show that not only the sulfated glucuronic acid but also the neolactosyl-type backbone is essential for the recognition of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate by a monoclonal antibody, its binding to laminin and its role in neural cell migration and outgrowth of processes from neurons and astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00731208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S8.5 The fourth immunoglobulin-like domain of NCAM contains a carbohydrate recognition domain for oligomannosidic glycans implicated in association with LI and neurite outgrowth (1993)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 10 (1993), S. 267-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209947
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