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  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1975-1979
  • emulsion polymerization  (2)
  • IgM-rheumatoid factor  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pH on emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric emulsifier (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 950-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Amphoteric emulsifier ; emulsion polymerization ; latex ; ionic forms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric emulsifier of the betaine type; N,N-dimethyl-n-laurylbetaine (LNB), has been studied at various pH values. The relationships between the physicochemical properties of LNB aqueous solutions, the emulsion polymerization process and the characteristics of the synthesized latex particles were studied under various pH conditions. The polymerization rate and the particle number concentration decreased with increasing pH of LNB aqueous solution and changed in shape at both ca. pH 4 and pH 8–10. The properties of LNB aqueous solution also changed with the pH and changed in shape at the same pH as that of the emulsion polymerization. These pH values were in good agreement with the pH at which the LNB molecule changed its ionic form. The number of synthesized latex particles was proportional to the number of LNB micelles in the solution, below pH 10. The particle size of the synthesized latex particles and the molecular weight of the latex polymers also changed with the properties of LNB aqueous solutions, accompanying the change of the ionic form of LNB molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412396
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polystyrene latex with amphoteric surfactant and its characterization (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 737-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Amphoteric surfactant ; emulsion polymerization ; latex ; zeta-potential (ZP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric surfactant; N,N-dimethyl-n-laurylbetaine (LNB) was carried out at pH 7.0. The polymerization rate and the concentration of the latex particle were proportional to the LNB concentration of 0.6 power. The latex particle sizes became smaller with increasing concentrations of LNB. The molecular weights of polystyrene latices increased with the concentration of LNB. The zeta-potentials of latex particles were significantly dependent on the pH, and showed the existence of an isoelectric point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01500747
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of Ia positive T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1986)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 6 (1986), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis ; IgM-rheumatoid factor ; Ia+ T cells ; Pokeweed mitogen ; Helper T cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), increased levels of Ia antigen-positive (Ia+) T cells have been demonstrated. Therefore, we examined these Ia+ T cells in vitro to identify their role in the production of rheumatoid factor (RF) and to study the immunologic abnormalities of RA. When Ia+ T cells from peripheral blood of RA patients were added to pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-non-stimulated autologous B cells, the amount of IgM-RF production was 25.8±6.4 (mean±SE) (p〈0.001) as compared to 16.0±4.6 ng/ml (mean±SE) in the presence of Ia− T cells. When Ia− OKT4+ cell fractions, obtained by excluding Ia+ T cells from OKT4+ cells, were added to B cells, the increase in IgM-RF production was markedly lower than that obtained with the OKT4+ cell fraction. These results indicate that the helper T cells which induce the production of IgM-RF may derive from the Ia+ OKT4+ cell fraction. B cells from rheumatoid synovial fluid produced IgM-RF levels as high as 102.7±19.2 ng/ml (mean±SE) even without stimulation. When T cells from autologous synovial fluid were added, IgM-RF production was not increased. These data suggest that B cells from RA synovial fluid had already been activated. When synovial fluid T cells were added to B cells from autologous peripheral blood, larger amounts of IgM-RF were produced as compared to experiments in which T cells from peripheral blood were added, suggesting that T cells from synovial fluid induce an enhanced IgM-RF production by B cells. The presence or absence of Ia antigen on the surface of synovial fluid T cells did not affect the level of IgM-RF production. Our results indicate that Ia+ T cells from the peripheral blood of RA patients induce the production of IgM-RF by autologous B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270657
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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