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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crassulacean Acid Metabolism: A Curiosity in Context (1978)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 29 (1978), S. 379-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.29.060178.002115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathway and products of CO2-fixation by green prokaryotic algae in the cloacal cavity of Diplosoma virens (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 47 (1978), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Light-dependent 14CO2 fixation by the algae of Diplosoma virens (Hartmeyer) ranged between about 3 and 27 μmoles mg-1 chlorophyll h-1. The principal first products of 14C fixation were 3-phosphoglyceric acid and phosphorylated sugars, indicating that ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase was the primary carboxylation enzyme. The activity of this enzyme in crude extracts of the algae was 4 to 6 μmoles CO2 mg-1 chlorophyll h-1. The principal end product of 14C fixation by these algae in the ascidian host was a water-soluble oligosaccharide which was an α-1,4-glucan. A maximum of 7% of the 14C fixed was found in insoluble materials of the algae or its host after 60 min 14CO2 fixation. Whether the α-1,4-glucan is a product of algal or animal metabolism remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388923
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal responses to humidity in Opuntia inermis in relation to control of CO2 and H2O exchange patterns (1979)
    Springer
    Oecologia 41 (1979), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary At constant cladode temperature the stomatal resistance of O. inermis increased when the cladode-air vapor pressure difference was increased and stomatal resistance decreased when the cladode-air vapor pressure difference was lowered. Net CO2 fixation in the dark was very responsive to these humidity dependent changes in stomatal resistance. Net CO2 fixation and stomatal resistance in the light did not respond to changes in cladode-air vapor pressure differences in the light under the conditions tested. When temperature response functions for dark CO2 fixation were examined at constant ambient humidity, the reduction in dark CO2 fixation at higher temperatures was largely due to stomatal closure in response to the increased vapor pressure difference. The water requirement for net CO2 fixation in the dark at typical nocturnal vapor pressure differences was about 10 times lower than that of net CO2 fixation in the light at vapor pressure differences typical of the late afternoon. The role of the stomatal responses to humidity in determining the patterns and rates of net CO2 exchange in the light or dark, and its possible ecological significance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344837
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal mechanism as the basis of evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 314 (1985), S. 200-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] KEELEY ET AL. REPLY-We agree with Cockburn that, although the presence of CAM in astomatous Stylites does not support his theory on the stomatal origin of CAM, it does not necessarily falsify the theory either. We also agree with Thomas that Stylites most reasonably should be included with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314200c0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon isotope discrimination in alpine succulent plants supposed to be capable of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) (1975)
    Springer
    Oecologia 18 (1975), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The 4 alpine species of Sempervivum (S. arachnoideum L., S. montanum L., S. soboliferum Sims, S. wulfenii Hoppe) analyzed in this study showed acidification during the dark period in their natural habitat. The δ13C value of these species varied according to the water supply at their natural habitat, being less negative at dry sites. These data are consistent with a larger contribution of dark CO2 fixation via Phosphoenolpyruvate-Carboxylase in relation to light CO2 fixation via Ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate Carboxylase. These alpine Sempervivum spp. behave, therefore, like typical CAM-plants. 2. In contrast, the 3 alpine species of Sedum analyzed in this respect (S. acre. L., S. alpestre Vill., S. rosea (L.) Scop.) showed no pronounced dark acidification. The δ13C value of the 8 alpine Sedum species examined in this study (the 3 mentioned above and S. album L., S. atratum L., S. dasyphyllum L., S. reflexum L., S. sexangulare L.) was much more negative than in the Sempervivum spp., indicating that the dark CO2 fixation does not play a great role in the carbon metabolism of the alpine Sedum spp. in the natural habitats. Water supply in the natural habitat has no clear-cut influence on the δ13C value. 3. All alpine species of Saxifraga analysed (S. seloides L., S. oppositifolia L., S. bryoides L., S. aizoides L., S. squarrosa Sieber, S. paniculata Mill., S. caesia L.) show δ13C values typical of C3 plants and they were not influended by the water conditions in the natural sites. Saxifraga paniculata showed no dark acidification in its natural habitat and we suspect that alpine Saxifrages are not CAM plants. 4. Based on δ13C values the alpine plants Pinguicula alpina L., Thesium alpinum L., and Linaria alpina (L.) Mill. are typical C3 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345423
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen supply as a factor influencing photoinhibition and photosynthetic acclimation after transfer of shade-grown Solanum dulcamara to bright light (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 168 (1986), S. 563-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nitrogen nutrition and photosynthesis ; Photoinhibition of photosynthesis ; Photosynthesis (acclimation) ; Solanum (photosynthetic acclimation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have compared the ability of shadegrown clones of Solamum dulcamara L. from shade and sun habitats to acclimate to bright light, as a function of nitrogen nutrition before and after transfer to bright light. Leaves of S. dulcamara grown in the shade with 0.6 mM NO 3 - have similar photosynthetic properties as leaves of plants grown with 12.0 mM NO 3 - . When transferred to bright light for 1–2 d the leaves of these plants show substantial photoinhibition which is characterized by about 50% decrease in apparent quantum yield and a reduction in the rate of photosynthesis in air at light saturation. Photoinhibition of leaf photosynthesis is associated with reduction in the variable component of low-temperature fluorescence emission, and with loss of in-vitro electron transport, especially of photosystem II-dependent processes. We find no evidence for ecotypic differentiation in the potential for photosynthetic acclimation among shade and sun clones of S. dulcamara, or of differentiation with respect to nitrogen requirements for acclimation. Recovery from photoinhibition and subsequent acclimation of photosynthesis to bright light only occurs in leaves of plants provided with 12.0 mM NO 3 - . In these, apparent quantum yield is fully restored after 14 d, and photosynthetic acclimation is shown by an increase in light-saturated photosynthesis in air, of light-and CO2-saturated photosynthesis, and of the initial slope of the CO2-response curve. The latter changes are highly correlated with changes in ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase activity in vitro. Plants supplied with 0.6 mM NO 3 - show incomplete recovery of apparent quantum yield after 14 d, but CO2-dependent leaf photosynthetic parameters return to control levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392277
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    O2-dependent inhibition of photosynthetic capacity in intact isolated chloroplasts and isolated cells from spinach leaves illuminated in the absence of CO2 (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 142 (1978), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chloroplasts ; Leaf cells ; Photoinhibition ; Photorespiration ; Photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When isolated intact chloroplasts or cells from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves are incubated in the light in the absence of CO2, their capacity for subsequent CO2-dependent photosynthetic oxygen evolution is drastically decreased. This inhibition is light and oxygen-dependent and can be prevented by addition of bicarbonate. It is concluded that the normal dissipation of photosynthetic energy by carbon assimilation and in processes related to photorespiration is an essential condition for the physiological stability of illuminated intact chloroplasts and cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388218
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stem photosynthesis in a desert ephemeral, Eriogonum inflatum (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: δ13C ; Eriogonum inflatum ; Great Basin ; Mojave ; Photosynthetic morphology ; Stem photosynthesis ; Water-use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seasonal patterns in plant morphology, phenology, and physiology were monitored in several populations of Eriogonum inflatum, a desert ephemeral which produces a large photosynthetic inflorescence above a basal leaf rosette. Green stems accounted for 66–77% of whole plant photosynthetic surface area when integrated over a developmental cycle, whereas only 40–67% of the yearly transpirational water loss could be attributed to stems. Stems were found to have lower nitrogen and chlorophyll contents than leaves, and lower stomatal conductance under all physiological conditions encountered. However, because stems occur later in the year than leaves, comparison of physiological patterns was complicated by the two structures being exposed to different climatic regimes during their developmental cycles. Stems exhibited higher δ13C values than leaves, indicating that stems operated at higher water-use efficiencies than leaves, at least during periods when both leaves and stems were present. Higher water-use efficiency in stems of E. inflatum is attributed to both more conservative water use patterns and to their vertical orientation, allowing stems to remain photosynthetically active longer into the dry season after senescence of the horizontal leaf rosette.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378979
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stem photosynthesis in a desert ephemeral, Eriogonum inflatum (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 542-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Eriogonum inflatum ; Internal CO2 concentration ; Stem photosynthesis ; Water-use efficiency ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The gas exchange characteristics of photosynthetic tissues of leaves and stems of Eriogonum inflatum are described. Inflated stems were found to contain extraordinarily high internal CO2 concentrations (to 14000 μbar), but fixation of this internal CO2 was 6–10 times slower than fixation of atmospheric CO2 by these stems. Although the pool of CO2 is a trivial source of CO2 for stem photosynthesis, it may result in higher water-use efficiency of stem tissues. Leaf and stem photosynthetic activities were compared by means of CO2 fixation in CO2 response curves, light and temperature response curves in IRGA systems, and by means of O2 exchange at CO2 saturation in a leaf disc O2 electrode system. On an area basis leaves contain about twice the chlorophyll and nitrogen as stems, and are capable of up to 4-times the absolute CO2 and O2 exchange rates. However, the stem shape is such that lighting of the shaded side leads to a substantial increase in overall stem photosynthesis on a projected area basis, to about half the leaf rate in air. Stem conductance is lower than leaf conductance under most conditions and is less sensitive to high temperature or high VPD. Under most conditions, the ratio C i /C a is lower in stems than in leaves and stems show greater water-use efficiency (higher ratio assimilation/transpiration) as a function of VPD. This potential advantage of stem photosynthesis in a water limited environment may be offset by the higher VPD conditions in the hotter, drier part of the year when stems are active after leaves have senesced. Stem and leaf photosynthesis were similarly affected by decreasing plant water potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378980
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crassulacean acid metabolism in the shade. Studies on an epiphytic fern, Pyrrosia longifolia, and other rainforest species from Australia (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 68 (1986), S. 224-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) was studied in a tropical epiphytic fern, Pyrrosia longifolia, from a fully sun-exposed and from a very shaded site in Northern Queensland, Australia. Measurements of instantaneous net CO2 exchange showed carbon gain via CO2 dark fixation with some net CO2 uptake also occuring during late afternoon, in both sun and shade fronds. Maximum rates of net CO2 uptake and the nocturnal increase in titratable acidity were lower in shade than in sun fronds. δ13C values of sun and shade fronds were not significantly different, and ranged between-14 and-15‰ suggesting that, in the long term, carbon gain was mainly via CO2 dark fixation. Sun fronds had a higher light compensation point of photosynthesis than shade fronds but the same quantum yield. Yet there was no acclimation of photosynthetic O2 evolution, (measured at 5% CO2) in sun and shade fronds and photosynthesis saturated at between 200 and 400 μmol quanta m-2 s-1. Use of higher light intensities for photosynthesis of sun fronds was probably precluded by low nutrient availability. Total nitrogen was less than 1% of dry weight in fully expanded sun and shade fronds. Exposure of shade fronds to full sunlight for 6 h led to a 60% decline in the quantum yield of photosynthesis and to a decline in variable fluorescence measured at room temperature. Photoinhibition by high light was also observed in Hoya nicholsoniae, a rainforest climber growing in deep shade. This species also exhibited CAM as demonstrated by nocturnal net CO2 uptake, nocturnal acidification and a δ13C value of-14‰. Photosynthetic O2 evolution in this species was saturated at 2.5% of full sunlight. Two species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) from sun-exposed sites, one species exhibiting CAM and the other one exhibiting net CO2 uptake exclusively during daytime via conventional C3 photosynthesis, showed similar light response curves and the same quantum yield for photosynthetic O2 evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384791
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