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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binary transition metal dinitrogen complexes. I. Matrix infrared and Raman spectra, structure and bonding of Ni(N2)n and Pd(N2)m(n = 1-4 and m = 1-3) (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 332-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00783a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic investigation of oxide states responsible for hot-carrier degradation (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 168-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hole-trap states in the gate oxide of a Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) are investigated by inhomogeneous excimer laser irradiation. Subbandgap ultraviolet light photons with an energy exceeding a threshold lying between 5.5 and 6.4 eV were found to excite electrons from these originally neutral states into the SiO2 conduction band. A fixed positive charge is left behind. The degradation in MOSFET performance due to the irradiation is comparable to that accompanying hot-hole injection. Also, subsequent hot-electron stress changes the device characteristics in a way similar to hot-electron stress following hot-hole stress. It is concluded that the traps responsible for hot-carrier degradation cause the optically induced charge trapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposure instrumentation for the application of x-ray lithography using synchrotron radiation : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2140-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper reviews the recent progress in the development of exposure equipment for x-ray lithography consisting of compact synchrotron radiation source, beamline, and x-ray stepper. This exposure facility is situated door by door to a CMOS-pilot line. The compact storage ring COSY, under assembly in Berlin, is described and calculations are presented, that show that relatively low accumulated current exposure times of some seconds can be expected using a highly sensitive x-ray resist. A simple, inexpensive, and highly reliable beamline has been realized to connect an x-ray stepper and a light source. Several x-ray steppers have been installed for field testing in the nearby lithography laboratory at BESSY, that are equipped with x-ray reflecting mirrors, or a scanning mask and wafer unit for full-field exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140803
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and infrared spectroscopic detection of rhenium pentacarbonyl (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 96 (1974), S. 5585-5586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00824a054
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1960)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 38 (1960), S. 1221-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01491161
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ quantification of T-cell subsets, NK-like cells and macrophages in hodgkin's disease: Quantity and quality of infiltration density depends on histopathological subtypes (1986)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 53 (1986), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Tumor immunology Immunohistology ; Hodgkin's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present investigation addressed itself to the in situ quantification of reactive cells in tumour tissues affected by Hodgkin's disease. Immunostaining was used for identification and stereology was used for enumeration of T-helper/inducer (CD4+) T-cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8+), NK-like (Leu7+) and cells of macrophage origin (Mono2+). The evaluation of 50 cases showed that [1] CD4+ cells always outnumbered CD8+ cells but the degree of this predominance varied depending on the histopathological subtypes (n. s.〉m. c.〉1. d.). [2] Lymph nodes contained more CD4+ as well as CD8+ cells compared to spleens. Therefore, no changes in the T4:T8 ratio occurred. [3] No significant differences in the densities of NK-like cells were observed, comparing the different histopathological subtypes as well as lymph nodes and spleens. [4] Similarly, macrophage (Mø) density was comparable in all histopathological subtypes. However, lymph nodes contained significantly more Mø compared to spleens. [5] On comparison of reactive cells in (a) Hodgkin's tissues to (b) non-Hodgkin lymphomas (79 cases) and (c) normal controls (7 cases) significantly higher numbers of CD4+, CD8+ and Mono2+ cells were found in Hogdkin's compared to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In contrast, the density of NK-like cells in NHL as well as in normal tissues was fivefold compared to that observed in Hodgkin's tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320582
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Schwangerschaftsanämien (1961)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 195 (1961), S. 319-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00815596
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5,6-Diphenyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazin-4-carbonsäureamid, ein neues Reagens zum qualitativen Nachweis von Natrium (1974)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 62 (1974), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A sensitive qualitative test for sodium by means of a pyridazine derivative is described. The reaction is not specific and consequently requires the prior separation of all analytical groups except the alkalis. Lithium interferes with the test and must likewise be removed. The sensitivity of the reaction was compared with that of magnesium uranyl acetate and hexahydroxoantimonate(V).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein empfindlicher qualitativer Nachweis von Natrium mit einem Pyridazinderivat wird beschrieben. Die Reaktion ist nicht spezifisch und erfordert daher die vorhergehende Abtrennung aller analytischen Gruppen bis auf die Alkalien. Lithium stört den Nachweis und muß ebenfalls abgetrennt werden. Die Empfindlichkeit der Reaktion wird mit jener von Magnesiumuranylacetat und Hexahydroxoantimonat(V) verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271420
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographisch-zytophotometrische Untersuchungen zur Hämatopoese primär refraktärer und sideroachrestischer Anämien (1972)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 24 (1972), S. 142-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary On 3 patients suffering from primary refractory anaemia, 3 patients with sideroachrestic anaemia, 7 with stem cell leukaemia and 6 normals, the portion of DNA synthetizing bone marrow precursors was investigated using 3H-TDR puls labelling in vitro. In addition the distribution of the erythroblasts within the different stages of the cellcycle has been evaluated by combining autoradiography with quantitative cytochemical determination of the relative DNA content. In all cases the frequency of DNS-synthetizing erythroblasts was reduced. In particular that reduction was marked on polychromatic erythroblasts. In primary refractory anaemia and in sideroachrestic anaemia an increased number of G2-cells and of erythroblasts which were arrested in the stage of DNA-synthesis were observed and referred to an ineffective erythropoiesis. In contrast on patients suffering from stem cell leukaemia an increased number of erythroblasts displaying diploid DNA-values was demonstrable. Whilst the results on red cell precursors showed clear differences between primary refractory anaemia and stem cell leukaemia; the results obtained on white cell precursors were similar. In 2 out of 3 cases with primary refractory anaemia a decrease in the number of DNA-synthetizing white cell precursors could be observed, which was comparable to the degree of reduction of the proliferative activity in cases of stem cell leukaemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Knochenmarkvorstufen von 3 Patienten mit primär refraktären Anämien (pRA), 3 essentiellen sideroachrestischen Anämien (eSA), 7 unreifzelligen Leukämien wurde nach 3H-Thymidin-Pulsmarkierung in vitro der Anteil DNS-synthetisierender Zellen ermittelt. Weiter wurde an den Erythroblasten dieser Patienten durch eine Kombination von Autoradiographie mit der quantitativ-zytochemischen Bestimmung des relativen DNS-Gehaltes die Häufigkeitsverteilung dieser Vorstufen innerhalb der verschiedenen Zellzyklusphasen ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse Normalpersonen gegenübergestellt. Erythroblasten im Stadium der DNS-Synthese waren bei allen untersuchten Krankheitsbildern in ihrer relativen Häufigkeit vermindert. Von dieser Störung waren insbesondere polychromatische Erythroblasten betroffen. Unmarkierte Synthesezellen und eine Vermehrung von G2-Zellen wiesen bei pRA und eSA auf eine ineffektive Erythropoese hin. Demgegenüber war bei unreifzelligen Leukämien eine Vermehrung von Erythroblasten außerhalb des Proliferationspools nachweisbar. Während die Ergebnisse an roten Vorstufen zwischen den refraktären Anämien und den unreifzelligen Leukämien deutliche Unterschiede zeigten, waren die Befunde bei der Untersuchung granulopoetischer Vorstufen ähnlicher. Bei 2 von 3 Fällen mit pRA wurden Verminderungen des Anteils DNS-synthetisierender Vorstufen beobachtet, die an den Schweregrad der Teilungsstörung unreifzelliger Leukämien heranreichten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01631461
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic and prognostic value of immunohistological bone marrow examination: Results in 212 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (1987)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 54 (1987), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Bone marrow ; Immunohistology ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Lymphoproliferative disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cryostat sections of 246 consecutive bone marrow biopsies from 212 patients with lymphoproliferative disease were investigated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MOAb's) and an immunoperoxidase technique. Bone marrow involvement was demonstrated by immunohistological examination in 121/160 patients (76%) with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 16/23 patients (70%) with plasma cell malignancies; the definite immunological diagnosis could be performed in 77% and 88%, respectively. Reactivity with the MoAb Ki-67 correlated with clinical parameters: in all cases exhibiting more than 5% positive cells an unfavourable course was seen, independent of the histological subtype. Another MoAb of potential prognostic relevance is KiM4b, which reacts with follicular dendritic cells (FDC). Besides the presence of FDC in germinal center tumors (CB/CC and CC-NHL) we found FDC in a minority of cases with B-CLL (5/44) and IC lymphoma (4/18). In the latter group 3/4 patients showed a favourable clinical course (vs 2/14 without FDC). The MoAb Tü1 could discriminate between the lymphoplasmocytoid (11/12 positive) and the lymphoplasmocytic (0/6 positive) subtype of IC lymphoma and has proven of diagnostic importance. Expression of IL-2 receptors, detected by MoAb anti-Tac (CD25), was demonstrated on leukemic cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia (100%), B-CLL (82%), IC (61%), CC (50%) and CB/CC lymphoma (50%). A considerable number of reactive T-lymphocytes (5%–60% of tissue cells) were identified among the neoplastic B cells with a predominance of CD4+ cells in most cases with NHL, whereas the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly lower in myelomas and non-infiltrated bone marrows. The potential meaning of these findings is discussed. The immunohistological bone marrow analysis represents an important additional method in the diagnostic procedures of lymphoproliferative diseases involving the bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00594196
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