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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of azido tubulin: a photoaffinity label for tubulin-binding proteins (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 28 (1989), S. 8490-8496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00447a033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference Summary (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 466 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb38484.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule Organizing Centers (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 1 (1985), S. 145-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0743-4634
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cb.01.110185.001045
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Movement and segregation of kinetochores experimentally detached from mammalian chromosomes (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 336 (1988), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When Chinese hamster cells were arrested at the Gl/S boun-dary of the cell cycle by treatment with 2 mM hydroxyurea for 20 h and subsequently treated for 4-6 h with caffeine (5 mM), the cells entered mitosis without completing DNA synthesis as originally observed in BHK (baby hamster kidney) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336251a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and behavior of the nucleolus organizers in mammalian cells (1967)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 23 (1967), S. 137-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The regularly occurring secondary constrictions on metaphase chromosomes of mammalian cells prove to be nucleolus organizers as expected. The expression of nucleolus organizers as secondary constrictions, however, varies from cell to cell and from tissue to tissue, including cultivation in vitro. Electron micrographs of the organizer region show that the nucleolus organizer at metaphase is not a constriction. The width of the organizer area is the same as the condensed chromosomal arms; but the filaments, which are the major components of this region, show a diameter of 50–70 Å. The condensed chromosome arms consist of filaments 150–200 Å in diameter. In some mammalian species, structures similar to the nucleolus organizer are located at the end of chromosomes. These may be terminal nucleolus organizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the kinetochore of a mammalian cell in vitro (1966)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 19 (1966), S. 28-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The chromosomes of Chinese hamster cells were examined with the electron microscope and the following observations were made concerning the structure and organization of the kinetochore. — The kinetochore consists of a dense core 200–300 Å in diameter surrounded hy a less dense zone 200–600 Å wide. The dense core consists of a pair of axial fibrils 50–80 Å in diameter which may be coiled together in a cohelical manner. The less dense zone about the axial elements is composed of numerous microfibrils which loop out at right angles to the axial fibrils. Together the structures comprise a lampbrush-like filament which extends along the surface of each chromatid. Some sections suggested that two such filaments may be present on each chromatid. The fine structure of kinetochores associated with spindle filaments was essentially the same as those free of filaments. The structure and organization of the kinetochore of these mammalian cells was compared to that of lampbrush chromosomes of certain amphibian oöcytes, dipteran polytene chromosome puffs, and the synaptinemal complex seen during meiotic prophase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332792
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrangements of kinetochores in mouse cells during meiosis and spermiogenesis (1986)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 94 (1986), S. 309-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies from the serum of patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma CREST were used to investigate the association and distribution of kinetochores in mouse cells during meiosis and spermiogenesis. The pattern of indirect immunofluorescent staining in pachytene nuclei indicated that each autosomal bivalent contains one fluorescent spot. Throughout pachytene, the kinetochores were arranged non-randomly into several clusters and distributed around the periphery of the nucleus. In subsequent stages of meiotic prophase I, distribution was random and the number of fluorescent spots increased from 21 to 40 corresponding to the diploid chromosome number and the number of halfbivalents oriented to the spindle poles at the metaphase I. Twenty pairs of kinetochores were observed at metaphase II. During spermiogenesis, the number of kinetochores correlated with the haploid chromosome number in early spermatids but tandem association of centromeres and clustering into a conspicuous chromocenter corresponded to a significant reduction in the number of fluorescent foci in mid-spermatid nuclei. The number of stained sites per nucleus continued to decrease during sperm maturation and total absence of staining was apparent in mature spermatozoa. Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from mature sperm however, indicated that a kinetochore antigen of Mr 80,000 was still present. Therefore, the absence of kinetochore staining in mature spermatozoa is probably due to the blockage of epitopes during chromatin condensation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290861
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitotic inhibition and chromosome displacement induced by estradiol in chinese hamster cells (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: diethylstilbestrol ; estradiol ; microtubules ; mitotic apparatus ; cytoplasmic microtubule complex ; indirect immunofluorescence ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We tested diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17 β-estradiol as mitotic arrestants to determine their effects on chromosome distribution, spindle microtubules, and the cytoplasmic microtubule complex (CMTC) in the Chinese hamster strain Don. Cytological experiments assessed micronuclei induction, chromosome displacement, and anaphase recovery Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with antibody to tubulin and electron microscopy were used to illustrate effects on microtubules. Both DES and estradiol were potent inhibitors of mitosis when applied to cells in vitro. Estradiol induced micronuclei at a greater frequency than did DES. Estradiol-arrested metaphases often contained misaligned chromosomes despite the presence of a bipolar spindle and an equatorial plate. Equatorial plates were not observed in DES-arrested cells. Cells recovered quickly from estradiol exposure upon removal of the steroid. The frequency of abnormal metaphases and abnormal anaphases declined as the recovery period increased. Microtubule experiments showed that DES inhibited spindle assembly and disassembled the CMTC, whereas estradiol, at similar concentrations, arrested mitosis in a manner that allowed spindle assembly. A definite effect on the CMTC by estradiol could not be determined. However, changes in cell morphology were observed. In the presence of estradiol, centrosomes organized microtubules that joined with kinet-ochores of chromosomes at the equatorial plate as well as with those of misaligned chromosomes. Misaligned chromosomes appeared predominantly at polar regions of mitotic cells. Following drug removal, the pole-oriented chromosomes reoriented at the equatorial plate. The unique arresting properties of estradiol may prove useful in studies of chromosome migration and segregation during mitosis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070306
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