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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 3631-3635 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ellipticity of the vapor–liquid interface above mixtures of methanol (CH3OH) and deuterated cyclohexane (C6D12) has been measured in the vicinity of the consolute point. The data above and below Tc are consistent with models for the structure of the interface adapted from the theory of Widom and Ramos-Gomez and Widom. As three-phase coexistence is approached, the quantity of methanol adsorbed at the interface increases whether ordinary or deuterated cyclohexane is used in the mixture. If ordinary cyclohexane were used for studies within the three-phase region below Tc, thick, unstable, lenticular films of the methanol-rich liquid phase would form at the interface and lead to nonreproducible data. In the present measurements lenticular films do not form when deuterated cyclohexane is used in the mixture. (The entire methanol-rich phase then forms on top.) The gravitationally stable interface above the deuterated mixture can be studied reliably in the three-phase region below Tc even though the liquid phases are nearly density matched.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 584-589 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have performed an optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR) study of one of the low-lying triplet excitations in the charge transfer complex anthracene/tetracyanobenzene. The study shows that the spectroscopic characteristics associated with this specific excitation are related to an almost complete charge transfer from anthracene to a nearest neighbor tetracyanobenzene molecule. This photoinduced charge transfer results in a reorientation of the (effectively charged) partners of the EDA complex. The possible impact of this result for the other types of low-lying triplet excitations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 5755-5756 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new, pulsed pump–cw probe technique, transient gain spectroscopy, has been used to measure the zero pressure lifetime (279±10 ns) and self-collision depopulation rate (110.5±3.1 μs−1 Torr−1) for the H2CO A˜ 1A2 41 JKa,Kc =132,12 level as well as the 122,11←132,12(31±8 μs−1 Torr−1) and 142,13←132,12(40±6 μs−1 Torr−1) rotational relaxation rates. The dominant collisional process is rotational energy transfer, which, for the H2CO(A˜)+H2CO(X˜) process examined here, appears to follow dipole–dipole scaling and propensity rules. The 110.5 μs−1 Torr−1 depopulation rate in the A˜ state agrees with the vibrationless X˜ state rate obtained from microwave power broadening scaled by the 1.46 D/2.33 D electric dipole moment ratio. The two strongest a-dipole rotational state-to-state rates account for more than 50% of the total removal rate from H2CO A˜ 41 132,12.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 36 (1986), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65D07 ; 41A15 ; 90C20 ; Convexity conditions ; weakly coupled system of inequalities ; numerical algorithms ; quadratic programming ; unconstrained dual program with tridiagonal Hessian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während die Aufgabe der konvexen Interpolation im Falle kubischer Splines im allgemeineen nicht lösbar ist, kann jetzt gezeigt werden, daß sie bei Verwendung von Exponentialsplines Lösungen besitzt sofern die vorkommenden Parameter hinreichend roß sind, und es werden konkrete hinreichende und notwendige Lösbarkeitsbedingungen hergeleitet. Da eindeutige Lösbarkeit in der Regel nicht vorliegt, wird eine Auswahlfunktion eingeführt und das entstehende quadratische Optimierungsproblem nach Dualisierung numerisch behandelt.
    Notes: Abstract Sufficient and necessary conditions are derived under which interpolating splines are convex if the data set is in convex position. In order to select one of the interpolants, by means of a well-known objective function a quadratic optimization problem is stated which can be solved effectively by passing to a dual program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 35 (1985), S. 219-229 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65K05 ; 65D07 ; 90C20 ; 41A15 ; Existence conditions ; quadratic programming ; dual optimization problem ; tridiagonal Hessian ; Newton's method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Problem, konvexe Interpolationssplines mit minimaler mittlerer Krümmung zu ermitteln, führt auf eine speziell strukturierte quadratische Optimierungsaufgabe. In der vorliegenden Note wird eine zugehörige duale Aufgabe aufgestellt, die ohne Nebenbedingungen auskommt, deren Zielfunktion stückweise quadratisch ist und die daher eine effektive numerische Behandlung erlaubt.
    Notes: Abstract The problem of finding convex spline interpolants with minimal mean curvature leads to a quadratic optimization problem of special structure. In the present note a corresponding dual problem without constraints is derived. Its objective function is piecewise quadratic and therefore admits an effective numerical treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 38 (1987), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65D07 ; 41A15 ; Existence conditions ; construction os positive splines ; minimization of the curvature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter positiver Interpolation wird die Aufgabenstellung verstanden, zur einer nichtnegativen Datenmenge nichtnegative Interpolierende zu konstruieren. Im Fallen rational-quadratischer Splines wird eine notwendige und hinreichende Bedingung für die Durchführbarkeit positiver Interpolation hergeleitet, und es wird gezeigt, daß diese sich bei passender Wahl der vorkommenden Parameter stets erfüllen läßt.
    Notes: Abstract A necessary and sufficient criterion is presented under which the property of positivity carry over from the data set to rational quadratic spline interpolants. The criterion can always be satisfied if the occuring parameters are properly chosen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 143-171 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: host examination ; host recognition ; locomotion ; parasitoid ; Trichogramma minutum ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host examination behavior of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutumon spherical Manduca sextahosts is described. The mean walking speed during host examination was 0.64 ± 0.03 mm s −1 and is independent of wasp size. The paths taken by the wasps are not evenly distributed over the host surface; the majority of time is spent below 45 ° latitude. The distribution of oviposition sites is also nonrandom with respect to latitude and is not influenced by phototaxic and geotaxic responses. The initial transit made by the wasps over the host surface is a straight path which frequently passes across the highest point on the host. The length and duration of the initial transit are independent of wasp body length. However, stride length and stepping rates are proportional to wasp body length, and small wasps take more steps to complete their initial transit. The roles of the examination walk in host recognition and host volume measurement by Trichogrammaare also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BIT 29 (1989), S. 140-147 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) 65D07 ; 41A15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A method is presented for the construction of positive rational splines of continuity classC 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 53 (1988), S. 653-661 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65H10 ; 15A48 ; CR: G1.5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary As shown in preceding papers of the authors, the verification of anR-convergence order τ for sequences coupled by a system (1.1) of basic inequalities can be reduced to the positive solvability of system (3.3) of linear inequalities. Further, the bestR-order $$\bar \tau$$ implied by (1.1) is equal to the minimal spectral radius of certain matrices composed from the exponents occuring in (1.1). Now, these results are proven in a unified and essentially simpler way. Moreover, they are somewhat extended in order to facilitate applications to concrete methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Trichogramma minutum ; oviposition ; measurement ; progeny allocation ; parasitoid ; host volume ; lepidopterous eggs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei dem Insekten-Eiparasiten Trichogramma minutum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) hängt die Anzahl der abgelegten Eier vom Volumen der Wirtseier ab. Es wurden Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der sensorischen Grundlagen dieses Verhaltens unternommen. Die Wespe weist sowohl im Tageslicht, als auch in totaler Dunkelheit jenen Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Eiwirten (Diameter c. 1.3 mm) weniger eigene Eier zu, die teils (30%) in Substrat eingebettet sind, als solchen, die ganz herausragen. Da die Wirte einen identischen Radius und gleichen Oberflächengeruch haben, kann der Mechanismus der Volumenbestimmung weder chemisch noch optisch sein, sondern ist dem Wesen nach mechanosensorisch, und von der zugänglichen Oberfläche abhängig. Vor de Eiablage untersucht die Wespe die Wirtsoberfläche, indem sie darüber läuft, an den Ecken umkehrt und mit ihren Antennen ‘trommelt’. In Experimenten mit Glaskugelmodellen war die Anzahl der von der Wespe gemachten Wendungen an den Ecken (Nt) umgekehrt proportional zur Oberfläche, aber unabhängig vom Radius. Im Gegensatz dazu, war die Untersuchungszeit (Te) direkt proportional zum Radius, aber unabhängig von der Oberfläche. Ein Mechanismus für die Volumenmessung wird vorgeschlagen. Gleich beim Besteigen des potentialen Wirtes wird die relative Kurve (und infolgedessen der Radius), wahrscheinlich durch den Antennenwinkel gemessen. Wenn diese Messung innerhalb einer bestimmten Spanne liegt, beginnt die Wespe ihren Trommelgang. Die Messung wird auch dazu benutzt, ein maximales Volumen (und folglich die Anzahl der Nachkommen) des Wirtes und eine maximale Untersuchungzeit (Te) zu erzielen. Wird Te konstantgehalten, hängt die Anzahl der Wendungen (Nt) von der zugänglichen Oberfläche ab, wobei die Wespe öfter bei kleineren Oberflächen wendet. Die Anzahl der Wendungen gestattet der Wespe, die ursprüngliche Einschätzung des Wirtsvolumens so zu verändern, daß eine angemessene Anzahl von Eiern in nicht kugelige Wirte gelegt wird. Die Anwendung von kurven-und oberflächenabhängigen Messungen ermöglicht eine optimale Zuweisung von Nachkommen für eine Anzahl von unterschiedlichen Wirtsgrössen und-formen. Die Oberflächenmessung gestattet eine bessere Volumenbestimmung von nicht-kugeligen Objekten. Die gezeigte Abhängigkeit von der Oberfläche ist wahrscheinlich auch eine Anpassung an Wirte, die ihre Eier in Gruppen ablegen. Unter solchen Bedingungen von grosser Wirtsdichte ist es günstiger für die Wespe, weniger Eier in jeden Wirt der Gruppe zu legen, weil diese Verteilung zu grösseren, fruchtbareren Nachkommen führt.
    Notes: Abstract The number of eggs laid into its insect-egg host by Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) depends on the volume of its lepidopterous host. The wasps allocated fewer progeny into Manduca sexta (L.) (Sphingidae) egg hosts partially embedded in the substrate than into fully exposed hosts, both in daylight and in total darkness. Since the hosts are of identical diameter and surface chemistry, the mechanism of volume determination is neither chemical nor visual, but essentially mechanosensory, based on accessible surface area. Before oviposition, the wasp examines the host surface by walking over it, turning at the edge, and ‘drumming’ with its antennae. The number of edge turns (Nt) made by wasps when they examined glass beads presented as model hosts was inversely dependent on surface area, but independent of diameter. Conversely, the examination time (Te) was directly dependent on diameter, but independent of surface area. A mechanism is proposed for host volume measurement. While the wasp examines a potential host, the relative curvature (and hence diameter) is measured, possibly by antennal angle. If this measure is within an acceptable range, the wasp initiates its drumming walk. The measure is also used to set Tc and to establish an estimate of a maximum possible volume (and hence progeny number) to the host object. With Tc fixed, the value for Nt depends on accessible surface area, the wasp turning more often on restricted surfaces. Nt allows the wasp to correct the estimate of host volume such that an appropriate number of eggs is laid in non-spherical hosts. The use of curvature to set Te increases the accuracy of the wasp's measure of Nt, while also improving its coverage of the surface. The use of curvature and surface area allows Trichogramma to optimize its progeny allocation for a variety of host sizes and shapes.
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