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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 43 (1965), S. 750-751 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The total body potassium content, as detected in human counter, is adequate for the calculation of body cell mass. For this purpose the total body potassium content expressed in mEq is devided by 92.5 and the cell mass is obtained in kg. This method is valid for all human individuals who do not show any potassium metabolism disturbances. Furthermore a method of fat depot calculation out of the total body potassium content, the body weight and the body height is deduced. It can be employed for distrubances of body composition and for investigations of larger population groups.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Gesamtkörperkalium-Bestand, wie er im human counter erfaßt wird, ist für die Berechnung der Körperzellmasse geeignet. Hierzu dividiert man den in mEq ausgedrückten Gesamtkörperkalium-Wert durch 92,5, und man erhält die Zellmasse in kg. Diese Methode ist bei allen Menschen gültig, die keine Störungen desK-Stoffwechsels aufweisen. Weiterhin wird ein Verfahren der Depotfettberechnung aus dem Gesamtkörperkalium, dem Körpergewicht und der Körperhöhe hergeleitet. Es läßt sich bei Ansatzstörungen und bei Untersuchungen größerer Bevölkerungsgruppen anwenden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 409-416 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The change in body composition was studied in 3292 male and female subjects and children.The cell mass (CM) was calculated with the aid of the potassium-40 content of the body. The latter was determined by means of a whole body radiation counter.The extracellular fluid was derived from the body surface area, quoting 6,1 litre per square meter.Lean body mass was calculated as the sum of the cell mass times 1,1 plus the extracellular fluid.Fat was equalled to total weight minus lean body mass. CM, fat, body weight and height were classified according to sex, age group and percentiles. The regression-formuli for CM were calculated on a logarithmic basis. Comparing these formuli with the formula of body surface established byDubois andDubois in male subjects only a difference in the constants was found. In both formuli the exponents of weight and height are identical. The non gaussian distribution of weight is thought to be do to the skewness in distribution of fat.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Wandel der Körperzusammensetzung bei 7275 Männern, 2874 Frauen und 3143 Kindern untersucht. Die Zellmasse wurde aus dem Kalium-40-Gehalt des Körpers errechnet. Der Kalium-40-Gehalt wurde mit einem Ganzkörperzähler gemessen, die extracelluläre Flüssigkeit wurde aus der Körperoberfläche berechnet, indem 6,1 Liter pro m2 angesetzt wurden und die depotfettfreie Körpermasse wurde berechnet als Summe von 1,1×Zellmasse+extracelluläre Flüssigkeit. Das Depotfett wurde als Differenz zwischen Körpergewicht und depotfettfreier Körpermasse ermittelt. Zellmasse, Fett, Körpergewicht und Körperhöhe wurden nach Geschlecht, Altersgruppen in Perzentilen geordnet. Die Regressionsformeln für Zellmasse wurden auf logarithmischer Basis errechnet. Aus einem Vergleich ergibt sich, daß bei Männern die Zellmasse aus einer Formel errechnet werden kann, die sich von der Körperoberflächenformel nachDubois undDubois nur durch eine Konstante unterscheidet, während in beiden Formeln der Exponent für Gewicht und Körperhöhe übereinstimmen. Die nicht Gaußsche Verteilung des Gewichtes wird auf die Schiefe der Fettverteilung zurückgeführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 109 children and 11 adults with acute infections of the respiratory tract were investigated with serological and virological methods; 80 virus infections were found in 65 patients (54%). From other 29 children without serological tests a virus was isolated in 5 cases. Complement-fixation tests with 13 different viral antigens were particularly successful. The following infections were found: respiratory syncytial virus (38), adenoviruses (13), parainfluenza viruses (10), reoviruses (8), influenza A (6), enteroviruses (4), influenza C (2), herpes simplex (2), ornithosis (1), and infectious mononucleosis (1). Rise and fall of complement-fixing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus antigen were studied in the whole group of patients. Serum pairs of 3 patients, from whom adenoviruses were recovered, failed to exhibit a CF antibody rise against antigens prepared with type 2+3 or type 4; a rise was demonstrated, however, when these sera were tested against an antigen prepared from the adenovirus isolated from the respective patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 605-609 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ; Vitamin E-Vitamin D binding protein ; Chronic cholestasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with chronic cholestasis have reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) and vitamin E levels. We determined serum concentrations of 25 OHD, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and vitamin E before and after oral administration of 10 μg/kg body weight 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 OHD3) and 100 IU/kg body weight vitamin E, respectively, in 4 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and 6 healthy children. Vitamin E increased in all controls but in only one of the four patients. In contrast, oral 25 OHD3 induced a normal rise in circulating 25 OHD and 1,25(OH)2D. The low serum levels of 25 OHD in the patients before the oral bolus may have been due to inadequate parenteral vitamin D administration and/or to the simultaneous phenobarbital treatment. The latter possibility is supported by the increase of serum 25 OHD into the normal range after withdrawal of phenobarbital in one of the four patients. We conclude that vitamin E has to be supplemented parenterally or in water-soluble oral form. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether high-dose long-term oral 25 OHD3 supplementation is sufficient to prevent vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic cholestasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 120 (1975), S. 121-133 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Lean body mass ; Comparison of different calipers ; Skin fold measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zussammenfassung Es wurden an insgesamt 32 männlichen Probanden im Alter von 9 bis 12 Jahren Hautfaltenmessungen an 12 verschiedenen Meßstellen mit den Kalipern von Best, Lange, Harpenden und Holtain vorgenommen, wobei die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Hautfalten Biceps, Triceps, Scapula, Suprailiacal, Abdomen und Oberschenkel vergleichend verwertet wurden. Dabei zeigte sich eine Abhängigkeit der Meßergebnisse sowohl von der Meßstelle als auch vom Typ des verwendeten Kalipers. Aus diesem Grunde sollten Umrechnungen nur durchgeführt werden, wenn man die absolute Größe der fettfreien Körpermasse, z. B. bei der Einbeziehung funktioneller Meßwerte bei Populationsstudien, berücksichtigen muß. Außerdem sind Umrechnungen notwendig, wenn man in Nomogramme zur Bestimmung der fettfreien Körpermasse eingehen will, die — wie z. Z. für das Kindesalter — vornehmlich auf der Benutzung eines eher ungebräuchlichen Kalipertyps aufgebaut sind. Umrechnungen sollte man dagegen unterlassen, wenn es nur auf den Paarvergleich von Meßwerten in Form von Rangreihen ankommt.
    Notes: Abstract Skin folds were measured on 12 different body sites of 32 boys, aged 9–12, by using the calipers of Best, Lange, Harpenden and Holtain successively. We compared the measurements of the biceps, triceps, scapula, suprailiaca, abdominal and thigh skin folds. The results depended on body sites as well as on the type of caliper used. Therefore, conversion is recommendable only when absolute values of body fat must be taken into consideration, as when investigating population parameters in terms of functional performance capacity. Moreover conversion is necessary when using those nomograms which are built up mainly by measurements with an unusual caliper. Conversions must be omited when comparing data by means of rank-correlations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 135 (1980), S. 147-151 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Body cell mass ; Body composition ; Body fat ; Energy metabolism ; Surface area ; Total body potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is a linear relationship between extracellular fluid and body surface area in man. During growth the body cell mass, fat-free solids, and body fat proportions of body weight increase while the extracellular fluid fraction decreases. Growth stops in men as soon as the body cell mass reaches 22.5 kg/m2 body surface area and in women when it reaches 16.9 kg/m2. The non-muscle cell mass and the muscle cell mass reach a 1:4 ratio in men whereas in women a 1:3.5 proportion—which is more favorable for pregnancy and lactation—is reached. The body composition of the newborn and the infant have fetal characteristics with a low body fat: surface area ratio and a low non-muscle cell mass: surface area ratio. The basal metabolic rate depends on the amount of non-muscle cell mass present, and the total energy change depends on body cell mass. This has been established by measurements of total body potassium, thiosulfate space, total body sodium, 24 h urine creatinine values and basal metabolic rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 53 (1988), S. 653-661 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65H10 ; 15A48 ; CR: G1.5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary As shown in preceding papers of the authors, the verification of anR-convergence order τ for sequences coupled by a system (1.1) of basic inequalities can be reduced to the positive solvability of system (3.3) of linear inequalities. Further, the bestR-order $$\bar \tau$$ implied by (1.1) is equal to the minimal spectral radius of certain matrices composed from the exponents occuring in (1.1). Now, these results are proven in a unified and essentially simpler way. Moreover, they are somewhat extended in order to facilitate applications to concrete methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Charge-coupled device (CCD)-based X-ray detectors allow data to be collected much more quickly ( ̃10 times) than with current on-line imaging-plate systems. At the ESRF, X-ray image intensifier/CCD detector systems have been developed. These have great potential as fast read-out detectors for macromolecular and other forms of crystallography. They are relatively large sensitive X-ray detectors but have two inherent weaknesses: convex detection surfaces leading to spatial distortion and non-uniformity of intensity response, and susceptibility to small changes in magnetic fields. A large improvement has been made to the accuracy obtained by non-uniformity of response calibration and correction, using fluorescence from doped lithium borate glasses. Monochromatic macromolecular crystallography demonstration experiments with external user groups have shown that high-quality results may be obtained under real experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 215-221 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The ESRF undulator beamline ID14 `Quadriga' is dedicated to monochromatic macromolecular crystallography. Using two undulators with 23 mm and 42 mm periods and a minimum gap of 16 mm installed on a high-β section, it will provide high-brilliance X-ray beams at around 13.5 keV, as well as a wide tuneability between 6.8 and 40 keV. Based on the Troika concept, this beamline has four simultaneously operating experimental stations: three side stations, EH1, EH2 and EH3, using thin diamond crystals, and an end station, EH4, with a fast-scan double-crystal monochromator. Station EH3 has a κ-diffractometer, and an off-line Weissenberg camera with a large 80 × 80 cm active area combined with a 2048 × 2048 CCD detector. During data collection the image plates are placed and removed by a robot located inside the hutch using a cassette system. After data collection the image plates are scanned with an off-line drum scanner. Station EH4 is designed for MAD applications, including Xe K-edge anomalous experiments, and is equipped with a 2048 × 2048 CCD detector on a pseudo 2θ arm. A common graphical user interface and a database will be available to cover all aspects of data collection, including strategy optimization. First results on the performance of the optics elements and initial crystallographic results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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