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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 110 (1988), S. 2643-2644 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The recent discovery of Acidothermus cellulolyticus genus novum, species novum, ATCC 43068, a moderately thermophilic, aerobic, cellulolytic bacterium in wood samples recovered from the acidic hot springs of northern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, affirms the notion that hitherto unknown ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 334 (1986), S. 393-396 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Isoprenaline ; Uptake2 ; Extracellular potassium ; Rat heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of the inhibitory effect of extracellular K+ on uptake2 of3H-(±)-isoprenaline were determined in isolated hearts obtained from reserpine-pretreated rats; catechol-O-methyl transferase was inhibited. 1. Initial rates of uptake2 of a very low concentration of3H-(±)-isoprenaline (10 nmol/l) were determined in the presence of various extracellular concentrations of K+ (2.7 to 60 mmol/l). The inhibitory effect of K+ was concentration-dependent with an IC50 of about 20 mmol/l. — In these experiments KCl was added to the perfusion solution, and some hypertonicity resulted. In some experiments NaCl was added to a solution containing 5 mmol/l K+ to result in the same degree of hypertonicity as that obtained for 60 mmol/l K+; hypertonicity increased the initial rate of uptake2 of3H-(±)-isoprenaline. Thus, the inhibitory effect of K+ had been slightly underestimated. 2. In subsequent experiments the increase of the concentration of K+ in the perfusion fluid to 30 mmol/l was compensated for by a corresponding reduction of Na+. Initial rates of uptake2 of 10 nmol/l3H-(±)-isoprenaline were determined in the absence and presence of various concentrations of unlabelled (±)-isoprenaline. At 30 mmol/l K+ the IC50 (=K m for uptake2) did not significantly differ from that determined in an earlier study of 2.7 mmol/l K+ (Grohmann and Trendelenburg 1984). Finally, theV max for uptake2 of3H-(±)-isoprenaline was determined at either 2.7 or 30 mmol/l K+. At 30 mmol/l K+ theV max was only about 1/4 of that observed at 2.7 mmol/l K+. 3. Extracellular K+ inhibits uptake2 of3H-(±)-isoprenaline primarily by a reduction ofV max.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Neuronal deamination ; Extraneuronal deamination ; Rat vas deferens ; Rat heart ; Monoamine oxidase ; Pargyline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two different “deaminating systems” were compared (i.e., intact tissues in which an uptake process translocates the 3H-catecholamine from the extracellular space to the intracellular MAO): 1) the adrenergic nerve endings of the rat vas deferens exposed to 10 nmol/l 3H-(−)-noradrenaline, and 2) the extraneuronal deaminating system of the rat heart perfused with 50 nmol/l 3H-(−)-adrenaline. Vesicular uptake and COMT were inhibited. In both systems MAO was partially inhibited by pargyline, and the steady-state tissue content of the 3H-catecholamine was determined as well as the steady-state rate of deamination. 1. Rat vas deferens (preincubated with 10–40 nmol/l pargyline for 30 min). Inhibition of neuronal MAO caused not more than a moderate decrease of the steady-state rate of deamination of 3H-(−)-noradrenaline, but the steady-state tissue content was greatly increased. Determinations of the activity of MAO in homogenates of vasa deferentia showed that preincubation with 10 and 20 nmol/l pargyline inhibited the enzyme by 80 to 95%. 2. Rat heart (of animals pretreated with 1 to 30 mg/kg pargyline). Inhibition of extraneuronal MAO caused a steep decline of the steady-state rate of deamination of 3H-(−)-noradrenaline but only a small rise in the steady-state tissue content. 3. The decisive difference between the two deaminating systems lies in the fact that the ratio “k mao/k out” (where the two k-values characterize the activity of the unsaturated intracellular MAO and the ability of the 3H-catecholamine to leave the relevant cells, respectively) is much higher for the neuronal deaminating system exposed to 3H-(−)-noradrenaline than for the extraneuronal deaminating system exposed to 3H-(−)-adrenaline. Whenever this ratio is high, pronounced (but incomplete) inhibition of MAO results in a very pronounced increase in the intracellular steady-state 3H-amine concentration (during exposure of the tissue to a 3H-catecholamine); as far as the steady-state rate of deamination is concerned, the pronounced rise in substrate concentration largely masks the pronounced degree of inhibition of MAO. When, however, the ratio is close to unity, inhibition of MAO fails to result in any pronounced increase in the intracellular steady-state 3H-amine concentration; as a consequence, any pronoumced inhibition of MAO is then reflected by a pronounced decrease of the steady-state rate of deamination. 4. From the present results it is concluded that, in experiments with intact tissues, the degree of inhibition of MAO cannot be derived from measurements of rates of deamination of 3H-catecholamines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 74 (1985), S. 267-310 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Several years of research on deformational history of the Alps and their Central European foreland led to the development of new models for the driving mechanism of continental drift and intraplate tectonics. It was found that a global rhythm of continental drift exists, which causes the phases of epeirogeny by regular deformation of lithospheric structures. This approach was made possible by the development of a new method of comparing and analysing paleomagnetic and tectonic data. A new map projection provided for the first time the order necessary to analyze on a global scale the relations between the direction of drift and all essential geological and geophysical data. This led to the identification of drift fields as the largest lithospheric structural units. Their geometry controls a narrowing lithospheric flow and thus the direction of plate movements. By redistributing upper mantle isotherms, the drift fields simultaneously control the course of asthenospheric counterflows, whose internal flow patterns can trigger asthenospheric upwellings and epeirogenic uplifts. Thus, besides providing a synthesis of horizontal- and vertical-tectonic hypotheses, the discovery of drift tectonic rules offers a promising framework for the understanding of the Proterozoic tectonomagmatic cycles.
    Abstract: Résumé Des recherches de plusieurs années sur l'histoire déformative des Alpes et de leur avant-pays européen, permettent de développer un nouveau modèle qui répond aux problèmes de la tectonique intra-plaque et du moteur de la dérive continentale. On montre l'existence, à l'échelle mondiale, d'un rythme dans le mouvement de dérive, qui se traduit par une déformation ordonnée des structures lithosphériques aux cours des phases de l'épirogenèse. Cette conclusion résulte de l'emploi d'une méthode nouvelle d'analyse comparée des données paléomagnétiques et tectoniques. Grâce à une nouvelle projection cartographique, on a pu, pour la première fois, mettre toutes les données géologiques et géophysiques actuelles en relation avec la direction de dérive, ce qui a conduit à identifier les champs de dérive comme les unités structurales majeures de la lithosphère. Leur géométrie définit un écoulement convergent de la lithosphère et, partant, la direction des mouvements des plaques. En raison de la distribution de la température dans le manteau, les champs de dérive définissent en même temps la position de contrecourants asthénosphériques, dont la disposition interne conduit au développement de »plumes« et de bombements épirogéniques. La découverte du caractère ordonné de la dérive permet une synthèse des hypothèses »verticalistes« et »horizontalistes« en tectonique et, de ce fait, une meilleure compréhension des cycles tectono-magmatiques du Protérozoïque.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mehrjährige Untersuchungen der Deformationsgeschichte der Alpen und ihres europäischen Vorlands führten zur Entwicklung neuer Modelle für den Antrieb der Kontinentaldrift und zum Problem der intraplate tectonics. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß ein weltweiter Bewegungsrhythmus der Kontinentaldrift existiert, der sich durch gesetzmäßige Deformation von Lithosphärenstrukturen in den Phasen der Epirogenese auswirkt. Dieser Nachweis wurde durch die Entwicklung einer neuen Methode zur vergleichenden Analyse paläomagnetischer und tektonischer Daten ermöglicht. Durch den Entwurf einer neuen Kartenprojektion gelang es erstmals, alle wesentlichen geologischen und geophysikalischen Daten in einer übersichtlichen Abbildung auf ihre Beziehung zur Driftrichtung hin zu untersuchen. Dies führte zur Identifizierung der Driftfelder als größte Bewegungseinheit der Lithosphäre. Ihre Geometrie regelt ein konvergierendes Fließen der Lithosphäre und damit die Richtung der Plattenbewegungen. Zugleich beeinflussen die Driftfelder über die Temperaturverteilung im oberen Mantel den Verlauf asthenosphärischer Gegenströmungen, deren interne Strömungsmuster zur Entwicklung von Aufströmen (plumes) und zu epirogenetischen Aufdomungen führen. So bietet die Entdeckung der drifttektonischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten über eine Synthese horizontal- und vertikaltektonischer Hypothesen hinaus ein vielversprechendes Bezugssystem zum Verständnis der tektonisch-magmatischen Zyklen des Proterozoikums.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 30 (1989), S. 574-579 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Ethanol was produced from xylose by converting the sugar to xylulose, using commercial xylose isomerases, and simultaneously converting the xylulose to ethanol by anaerobic fermentation using different yeast strains. The process was optimized with the yeast strain Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Y-164). The data show that the simultaneous fermentation and isomerization of 6% xylose can produce final ethanol concentrations of 2.1% w/v within 2 days at temperatures as high as 39°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 336 (1987), S. 139-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 3H-catecholamines ; Neuronal deamination ; Extraneuronal deamination ; Extraneuronal O-methylation ; k enzyme rat heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a comparative study the neuronal and extraneuronal metabolism of several 3H-catecholamines (all of which were tritiated in the C-7 position of the side chain only) was determined in isolated rat hearts perfused at a concentration of the 3H-amines of 50 nmol/1. While the neuronal MAO activity was determined after inhibition of extraneuronal uptake (100 μmol/1 OMI) and COMT (10 μmol/1 U-0521), the extraneuronal MAO activity was estimated after inhibition of neuronal uptake (30 μmol/1 cocaine) and COMT. The extraneuronal COMT activity was determined under conditions of inhibition of both neuronal uptake and MAO (pretreatment with pargyline). Hearts were perfused with the 3H-catecholamines until the rate of appearance of the various 3H-metabolites in the venous effluent has reached a steady state. From these rates (v st-st) and the steady-state content of the unchanged 3H-catecholamines in the tissue (S i), the rate constants (V max/K m) for the unsaturated intracellular enzymes COMT (κCOMT) and MAO (κMAO) were calculated. The κCOMTvalues for all four catecholamines, (−)-noradrenaline, dopamine, (−)-adrenaline and (±)-isoprenaline exhibit a range from 0.24 to 0.78 min−1; the metabolism of the catecholamines by the COMT differs: (-)-noradrenaline = dopamine 〈 (−)-adrenaline 〈 (±)-isoprenaline. The extraneuronal MAO activity was low for all three catecholamines, (−)-adrenaline, (−)-noradrenaline and dopamine (range of κMAOfrom 0.05 to 0.28 min−1) and declined in the order: (−)-adrenaline 〈 (−)-noradrenaline 〈 dopamine. The neuronal MAO activity for (−)-adrenaline, (−)-noradrenaline and dopamine was slightly higher than that in the extraneuronal cells (range of kMAO from 0.08 to 0.35 min−1), but the ranking order showed the same pattern: (−)-adrenaline 〈 (−)-noradrenaline = dopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 337 (1988), S. 406-407 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 3H-Isoprenaline ; Extraneuronal efflux ; K+ Gradient ; Rat heart ; Carrier-mediated efflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After loading of the extraneuronal tissues of the perfused rat heart with 3H-isoprenaline the elevation of extracellular K+ concentration (from 2.7 to 15 mmol/1) in the perfusion solution about doubled the rate constant for efflux of the 3H-amine. As this increase was not seen in the presence of 100 μmol/13-O-methyl-isoprenaline (OMI, a potent inhibitor of the uptake2-carrier), it is concluded that the change in the concentration of K+ modulates OMI-sensitive outward transport of 3H-isoprenaline by uptake2, not the diffusional efflux of the amine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 337 (1988), S. 397-405 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Rat cerebral cortex ; Brain COMT ; 3Hisoprenaline ; Central O-methylating system ; Central non-neuronal uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The O-methylation and accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline in slices of the rat cerebral cortex were studied before and after inhibition of COMT. 1. Inhibition of COMT by μmol/l U-0521 virtually abolished the O-methylation and increased the accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline; hence, there is evidence for the existence of a central O-methylating system (with a transport mechanism and intracellular COMT). 2. Experiments were carried out with selective uptake inhibitors for uptake, (cocaine and desipramine) or uptake2 (corticosterone and OMI), with phenoxybenzamine (known to inhibit both carriers) and with changes in the ionic composition of the incubation medium. They revealed that the central carrier differed from both, uptake, and uptake2, although exhibiting some resemblance with uptake2 (lack of dependence on Na+ and Cl−, sensitivity to K+ and phenoxybenzamine, ability to transport 3H-isoprenaline). 3. Although the central carrier was rather sensitive to inhibition by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, carteolol), the effect of propranolol was not stereoselective; hence, beta-adrenoceptors do not seem to be involved. 4. Virtually identical IC30-values were obtained for inhibitors, when determined with or without inhibition of COMT. Only OMI was found to inhibit COMT as well as the central transport system; hence it was more potent in inhibiting the O-methylation than the accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline. 5. IC50-values (against initial rates of accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline; COMT inhibited) were determined for various substrates and inhibitors of peripheral uptake2. There was no correlation with the IC50-values determined earlier for uptake2 in rat heart (Grohmann and Trendelenburg 1984). 6. Unlabelled catecholamines half saturated the intracellular COMT when slices were incubated with 0.22 μmol/l [(±)-dobutamine] to 4.9 μmol/l [(−)-noradrenaline]. As the presence of unlabelled catecholamines increased tissue levels of 3H-isoprenaline, catecholamines are substrates of the central carrier. 7. The carrier of the central O-methylating system differs from uptake2 of peripheral organs, although it resembles the peripheral carrier in some respects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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