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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 2668-2677 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Cycloalkanones, 5. Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of 2-Substituted CyclopentanaminesIn an asymmetric synthesis 2-substituted cyclopentanamines are obtained from racemic cyclopentanones by means of reductive amination in a three-step procedure. Condensation of the ketones 3(n) with optically active 1-phenylethylamines yields imine mixtures 4(n), which are hydrogenated with Raney nickel to give the optically active, diastereomerically pure secondary amines 5(n). Hydrogenolysis with Palladium-on-charcoal leads to high grade enantiomerically pure primary amines 6(n) with good yields. The relative configuration of the amines 5(n) and 6(n) is elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The absolute configuration is determined by X-ray analysis of the 4-bromobenzamide 8 of the primary amine (+)-6(n)e and with the help of CD of the salicylidenes 9(n). The kinetically controlled asymmetric hydrogenation with a first order transformation as proved reaction mechanism in the cyclohexanamine line is confirmed for this investigation. The hydrogenation runs like-induced to the cis-configurated amines 5(n) and 6(n), respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Novel Basic Ligands for the Homogeneous Catalytic Methanol Carbonylation, VI. The Complex Chemistry of Multidentate (Tetrahydrofurfuryl)phosphanes and their Influence on the Selectivity and Conversion for the Synthesis of Ethanol from MethanolThe P,O ligands Ph2PCH2C4H7O (2) and PhP(CH2C4H7O)2 (3) react with (OC)5 MTHF (1a,b) [M=Mo (a), W (b)] to give the pentacarbonylmetal complexes 4b and 5a,b, respectively [eq. (1) and (2)]. Irradiation of 4b, 5a,b and the already known 4a in ether affords the kinetic unstable tetracarbonylmetal complexes (OC)4 MPPh2CH2C4H7O (6a,b) and (OC)4 MPPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (7a,b) with a bidentate function of 2,3 in each case via phosphorus and oxygen. With CO the reactions are reversible without separation of 2, 3 from the core of the complex [eq. (3) and (4)]. From Mo(CO)6 and 2 trans-(OC)4Mo (PPh2CH2C4H7O)2 (trans-8a) is formed which is rearranged to cis-8a via an “opening and closing mechanism” with participation of 2 and the labile Mo—O bond [eq. (5)]. The scission of the W—O bonds in 6b, 7b succeeds also with P(OMe)3 with formation of (OC)4 W[P(OMe)3]PPh2CH2C4H7O (9b) and (OC)4W[P(OMe)3] PPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (10b) [eq. (6)]. The different bonding conditions in 4-7 result from the IR, 31P{1H}, 13C{1H}, and 1H NMR spectra. The influence of 2 and 3 on the homologation of methanol to ethanol was investigated using cobalt as a component of the catalyst and iodine as a promotor. Dependent on the ratio of the synthesis gas, with 2 and equal catalyst composition in good selectivity either ethanol or methyl acetate is formed with conversions of 50 to 70%. The catalyst combination survives several cycles intact.
    Notes: Die P,O-Liganden Ph2PCH2C4H7O (2) und PhP(CH2C4H7O)2 (3) reagieren mit (OC)5 MTHF (1a,b) [M=Mo (a), W (b)] zu den Pentacarbonylmetall-Komplexen 4b bzw. 5a,b [Gl. (1) und (2)]. Bestrahlung von 4b, 5a,b und bereits bekanntem 4a in Ether liefert die kinetisch instabilen Tetracarbonylmetall-Komplexe (OC)4MPPh2CH2C4H7O (6a,b) und (OC)4MPPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (7a,b) mit jeweils zweizähniger Funktionsweise von 2, 3 über Phosphor und Sauerstoff. Mit CO sind die Reaktionen reversibel, ohne daß 2, 3 vom Komplexrumpf abgetrennt werden [Gl. (3) und (4)]. Aus Mo(CO)6 und 2 bildet sich trans-(OC)4 Mo(PPh2CH2C4H7O)2 (trans-8a), das sich über einen „äuf- und Zuklappmechanismus“ unter Beteiligung von 2 und der labilen Mo—O-Bindung in cis-8a umlagert [Gl. (5)]. Die Lösung der W—O-Bindung in 6b, 7b gelingt auch mit P(OMe)3 unter Bildung von (OC)4 W[P(OMe)3]PPh2CH2C4H7O (9b) und (OC)4W[P(OMe)3] PPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (10b) [Gl. (6)]. Die unterschiedlichen Bindungsverhältnisse in 4-7 ergeben sich aus den IR-, 31P{1H}-, 13C{1H}- und 1H-NMR-Spektren. Der Einfluß von 2 und 3 auf die Homologisierung von Methanol zu Ethanol wurde untersucht unter Verwendung von Cobalt als Katalysatormetall und lod als Promotor. In Abhängigkeit vom Synthesegasverhältnis erhält man mit 2 und gleicher Katalysatorzusammensetzung in guter Selektivität entweder Ethanol oder Methylacetat bei Umsätzen von 50 bis 70%. Das Katalysatorgemisch übersteht mehrere Zyklen unbeschadet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 645-658 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of Mixed Substituted (Chloroacetyl)organylphenylphosphanesThe mono-, di- and trichloroacetylorganylphenylphosphanes X1X2CClC(O)PPhR (3av - cz) are obtained by reaction of Me3SiPPhR (2v - z) [R = Me (v), Et (w), iPr (x), nPr (y), Benzyl (z)] with the acid chlorides X1X2CClC(O)Cl (1a - c). Increasing content of chlorine results in a shift of the =O band and the 31P signal to higher wavelengths and fields, respectively, in the IR and 31P{1H} NMR spectra of 3av - cz. Due to the centre of chirality at the phosphorus atom in the 1H NMR spectra one observes diastereotopic protons in the chloroacetyl moiety of 3av - az and of the P-adjacent CH2 protons of 3aw - cw and 3ay - cy. The magnetic inequivalence of both methyl substituents in the isopropyl groups of 3ax - cx is observable also in the 13C{1H} and 1H NMR spectra. Because of steric reasons the free rotation about the P-isopropyl axis is hindered up to 355 K. From the coalescence temperature the free activation energy ΔG≠ is calculated to give 74.7 kJ/mole. The degradation of the thermolabile compounds 3av - cz results in the formation of the chlorophosphanes 5v - z. Individual investigations on 3bv, 3bw and 3by indicate the formation of mono- and dichloroacetyl chloride. The appearance of ClCH2C(O)Cl proceeds via the chloroketene 4b.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Me3SiPPhR (2v - z) [R = Me (v), Et (w), iPr (x), nPr (y), Benzyl (z)] mit den Säurechloriden X1X2CClC(O)Cl (1a - c) erhält man die Mono-, Di- und Trichloracetylorganylphenylphosphane X1X2CClC(O)PPhR (3av - cz). Zunehmender Chlorgehalt bewirkt in den IR- und 31P{1H}-NMR-Spektren von 3av - cz eine Verschiebung der =O-Bande und des 31P-Signals nach höheren Wellenzahlen bzw. höherem Feld. Wegen des Chiralitätszentrums am Phosphor beobachtet man in den 1H-NMR-Spektren diastereotope Protonen im Chloracetylrest von 3av - az und der P-benachbarten CH2-Protonen von 3aw - cw und 3ay - cy. Die magnetische Inäquivalenz der beiden Methylsubstituenten in den Isopropylgruppen von 3ax - cx macht sich auch in den 13C{1H}- und 1H-NMR-Spektren bemerkbar. Bis 355 K ist die freie Drehbarkeit um die P-Isopropyl-Achse aus sterischen Gründen gehindert. Aus der Koaleszenztemperatur von 3ax berechnet sich die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie ΔG≠ zu 74.7 kJ/mol. Beim Zerfall der thermolabilen Verbindungen 3av - cz entstehen die Chlorphosphane 5v - z. Spezielle Untersuchungen an 3bv, 3bw und 3by zeigen die Bildung von Mono- und Dichloracetylchlorid. Das Auftreten von ClCH2C(O)Cl verläuft über das Chlorketen 4b.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Many of the proteins that mediate cell adhesion processes-fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, von Willebrand factor, osteopontin, laminin and various collagens - contain the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp. Short peptides that include this sequence have been shown to inhibit the interactions of cell adhesion proteins with their receptors and to have dramatic effects on developmental processes involving cellular recognition. In order to determine which conformations are accessible to Arg-Gly-Asp containing peptides, we analyzed tri-, tetra- and pentapeptide using molecular mechanics and Monte Carlo methods, and studied the solution conformations of the pentapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser using nuclear magnectic resonance techniques. The Monte Carlo method was used to: (a) identify the low energy conformations of the peptides and (b) evaluate their thermodynamic properties. In the case of the pentapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Gly, the four stable conformations include three with reverse turns and one open structure. The conformations found in this analysis are compatible with the nuclear magnetic resonance (nuclear Overhauser effect) data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 26 (1988), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C NMR ; optically active cyclohexanamines ; diestereomeric 2-methyl-N-(1-phenylethyl) cyclohexamines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR spectra of optically active primary and secondary 2-substituted cyclohexanamines were measured and the chemical shifts were unequivocally assigned. Similar studies were made with four diastereomeric 2-methyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)cyclohexanamines with three chirality centres.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 23 (1985), S. 804-808 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The13C NMR spectra of 15 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with the crinane skeleton were measured and the chemical shifts unequivocally assigned. From the derived specific shift ranges, it is possible to establish both the complete oxygenation pattern of the 5, 10b-ethanophenanthridine skeleton and its stereochemical arrangement.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19 (1987), S. 251-259 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute rate coefficients for the reactions of the hydroxyl radical with dimethyl ether (k1) and diethyl ether (k2) were measured over the temperature range 295-442 K. The rate coefficient data, in the units cm3 molecule-1 s-1, were fitted to the Arrhenius equations k1 (T) = (1.04 ± 0.10) × 10-11 exp[-(739 ± 67 cal mol-1)/RT] and k2(T) = (9.13 ± 0.35) × 10-12 exp[+(228 ± 27 kcal mol-1)/RT], respectively, in which the stated error limits are 2σ values. Our results are compared with those of previous studies of hydrogen-atom abstraction from saturated hydrocarbons by OH. Correlations between measured reaction-rate coefficients and C—H bond-dissociation energies are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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