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  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • Tolerance  (3)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance to ethanol's disruptive effects on operant behavior in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Tolerance ; Operant performance ; Delayed ethanol effect ; Drug-induced compensatory learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of pre-session and post-session daily ethanol injections on the development and loss of tolerance to ethanol's effects on fixed ratio operant performance in rats was assessed using a cumulative dosing procedure. Daily pre-session ethanol administration produced a greater decrease in ethanol sensitivity than did daily post-session ethanol. Both tolerance effects persisted for at least 1 month after the chronic injection phase. No changes in ethanol sensitivity were apparent in the saline control group and no changes in estimated blood ethanol levels were found after the chronic treatments. The post-session ethanol groups displayed a performance decrement during the initial segment of the chronic injection period, but improved significantly across the chronic phase. These data suggest that some delayed effect of ethanol initially impaired performance but that tolerance to this ethanol effect also occurred and probably contributed to the decline in ethanol sensitivity seen in these groups. Compensatory learning as the mechanism for tolerance development in the pre-session and post-session ethanol groups was supported by the finding of no change in ethanol sensitivity in rats exposed to comparable daily ethanol without any concurrent operant task on which the direct, immediate, or indirect, delayed ethanol effects could operate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589895
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schedule-controlled behavior as an index of the development and loss of ethanol tolerance in the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 414-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Behavioral tolerance ; Ethanol ; Operant behavior ; Rats ; Residual tolerance ; Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats, following training on one of two food-motivated operant schedules (Fixed-Ratio 30 or Variable Interval 30 s), were exposed to an escalating regimen of daily ethanol (1.125–3.0 g/kg, IP) administration. This increasing dose regimen continued until the maximally tolerable dose for each subject was reached. Tolerance was then monitored for approximately 6 months by periodic ethanol challenge doses (1.5 g/kg). Dose-effect curves (DECs) were obtained prior to chronic ethanol (DEC1), immediately after ethanol tolerance development (DEC2), and 6 months (DEC3) following termination of ethanol exposure. At DEC1, ethanol produced dose-dependent decreases in rate on both schedules with no significant schedule differences in ED50 (the dose effective at reducing the maximal response rate by one-half) values. Maximal tolerance was achieved in means of 46 and 55 days on the VI and FR schedules, respectively. Differences in rate of tolerance acquisition on the initial dose of the chronic regimen (1.125 g/kg) account for most of the difference in the overall rate of acquisition. Comparison of the ED50 data from DECs 1 and 2 indicated that daily ethanol exposure resulted in a 2-fold decrease in ethanol sensitivity (i.e., tolerance) on both operant schedules. The ED50 data from DECs 1 and 3 demonstrated a 1.7-fold decrease in ethanol potency on DEC3. This duration of tolerance was considerably longer than that generally reported, and possibly related to the extended ethanol exposure and the sensitivity of operant schedules to drug effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432505
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and loss of tolerance to the effects of ethanol on DRL performance of rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: DRL ; Ethanol ; Operant behavior ; Rats ; Residual tolerance ; Tolerance ; Rate increases and decreases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on a DRL-20 operant schedule for food presentation. When stable performance was established, they were exposed to an escalating regimen of daily ethanol administration (1.125–3.75 g/kg. IP). This dosing regimen continued until the maximally tolerable dose for each subject was reached. Tolerance loss then was monitored for approximately 6 months by periodic ethanol challenge doses (1.5 g/kg). Dose-effect curves (DECs) were obtained prior to (DEC-1), immediately after (DEC-2), and 6 months following termination of (DEC-3) the ethanol exposure. Rate-increasing effects (DEC-1) were noted at low doses (0.75 and 1.125 g/kg), with a higher dose (2.25 g/kg) resulting in a decreased rate of responding. Tolerance, following chronic ethanol exposure, developed to both the rate-increasing and ratedecreasing effects of ethanol (DEC-2). While some tolerance was lost within the 6 months following the daily ethanol exposure (DEC-3), a significant degree of tolerance was still indicated by most of the response measures. This duration of tolerance was considerably longer than that generally reported, and is probably attributable to persistent learned compensatory behavior and/or intermittent ethanol challenge tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443411
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of phase anomalies in 13C FT NMR spectra (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 25 (1987), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C NMR ; Phase anomalies ; Echoes Sampling effects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some controversy exists on the origin(s) of phase anomalies observed in 13C FT NMR spectra. Two separate explanations, based on either echo or sampling effects, have been proposed by previous workers. We now show experimentally that these two effects can occur separately or together and, in the latter case, the effects can interfere with one another. Methods to ameliorate or remove phase anomalies are briefly reviewed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260250511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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