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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1801-1808 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the structure of solid films obtained by x-ray diffraction, from several basic polypeptides with a defined sequence. The alterating polypeptides poly(Ala-Lys), poly(Leu-Lys), poly(Val-Lys), and poly(Arg-Leu) all show a cross-β-structure in which layers of hydrophilic side chains alternate with layers containing hydrophobic side chains. The other polypeptides studied are not in the β-conformation and appear to be in the α-helical conformation. The helices obtained from poly(Lys-Ala-Ala) and poly(Lys-Ala-Ala-Lys) appear to be packed in an unusual fashion, which favors interaction between alanine side chains. Such behavior is not found in poly(Lys-Leu-Ala).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crystal structures and electrical properties of radical-cation salts of the chiral organic donor TMET (S,S,S,S,-bis-(dimethylethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) are described. Two structural types, 2:1 with octahedral anions Pf-6, AsF-6, SbF-6, I-3 (incommensurate), and 3:2 with tetrahedral anions BF-4, CIO-4, ReO-4 are observed. Resistivity measurements between 2 and 298 K indicate that the 3:2 types are organic metals, while the other compounds are semiconductors. (TMET)3(CIO4)2 is metallic down to about 120 K at ambient pressure and remains metallic down to 2 K at 8 kbar.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Der vinyloge Tricarbonyl-chromophor. Violerythrin-Endgruppen und verwandte Sechsringverbindungen. Synthese, Konformation, Untersuchung mit Photoelektronen-, UV-, NMR-Spektroskopie und Röntgenstrukturanalyse1)Die Synthese von ungesättigten Fünf- und Sechsringen, 3a, 4, 5b, 5c und 17a, die das Strukturelement des 3-Penten-1,2,5-trions enthalten, wird beschrieben. Diese vinylogen Tricarbonyle werden zusammen mit verwandten Verbindungen auf ihre chromophoren Eigenschaften hin untersucht. Die Konformation in Lösung, insbesondere der Torsionswinkel Ring-Seitenkette, wird mit Hilfe von 3JCH-Kopplungen, NOE-Differenzspektren und Kraftfeldrechnungen abgeleitet. Röntgenstrukturanalysen von 11a, 17a, 18a und 35 liefern die Geometrie im festen Zustand. Die Ionisierungsenergien werden photoelektronenspektroskopisch bestimmt. Zur Berechnung und Interpretation der Absorptionsspektren und der Farbe werden die CNDO/S-CI- und die HAM/3-Methode verwendet.
    Notes: The synthesis of five- and six-membered rings 3a, 4, 5b, 5c, and 17a, containing the structural moiety 3-pentene-1,2,5-trione, is described. The chromophoric properties of these vinylogous tricarbonyls together with related compounds are investigated. The conformation in solution, particularly the torsion angle ring/sidechain, can be derived from measurements of 3JCH coupling constants, NOE difference spectra, and force-field calculations. X-ray structure analyses of 11a, 17a, 18a, and 35 afford geometries in the solid state. Ionization energies are determined by means of photoelectron spectroscopy. The theoretical calculations and interpretation of absorption spectra and colour are carried out using the models CNDO/S-CI and HAM/3.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 767-779 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Molecular twisting ; cis-9,10-Dihydronaphthalenes, persubstituted ; Valence isomerizations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Valence Isomerizations, 17. - Persubstituted cis-9,10-Dihydronaphthalenes and their Valence IsomerizationsThe tricyclic diester 10 is available from 2-butyne in a six-step synthesis with an overall yield of 10%. Thermolysis of 10 gives the bicyclic diester 11 which upon UV irradiation yields 12 as the first persubstituted cis-9,10-dihydronaphthalene. X-ray analysis of 12 shows the molecule considerably twisted along the central bond. In addition, the planes of the ester groups are at an angle of approximately 60° to the „planes“ of the six-membered rings so that conjugation of the diene systems with the carbonyl functions is virtually interrupted, an effect which is reflected by the unusual spectroscopic properties of 12. The same structural features can be found in decamethyl-cis-9,10-dihydronaphthalene (16). When heated slightly, 12 is converted to the tetracyclic valence isomer 34. On reduction of 12 with diisobutylaluminum hydride both, dihydronaphthalene dicarbinol 25 as well as its unexpected positional isomer 26, are formed depending on the reaction conditions. Etherification of the reduction products with CH2N2/Et2O—BF3 furnishes a mixture of the three isomeric bis(methoxymethyl) compounds 31, 32 and 33. They can be separated by chromatography in the cold, but revert to the mixture of the three isomers at room temperature. We consider diradical 38 to be the intermediate of this intriguing valence isomerization.
    Notes: Der tricyclische Diester 10 ist in sechs Stufen in einer Gesamtausbeute von 10% aus 2-Butin zugänglich. Thermolyse von 10 liefert den Bicyclus 11, bei dessen UV-Bestrahlung das erste persubstituierte cis-9,10-Dihydronaphtalin 12 gebildet wird. Eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 12 beweist die starke Verdrillung des Moleküls um die zentrale Bindung. Die Ebenen der Ester-Gruppen stehen ungefähr in einem 60°-Winkel zu den Sechsring-„Ebenen“, so daß die Konjugation der Dien-Systeme mit den Carbonyl-Funktionen praktisch unterbrochen ist, ein Effekt, der sich in den ungewöhnlichen spektroskopischen Eigenschaften von 12 widerspiegelt. Analoge Strukturmerkmale gelten auch für das Decamethyl-cis-9,10-dihydronaphthalin (16). Bicyclus 12 wandelt sich bei leichtem Erwärmen in den valenzisomeren Tetracyclus 34 um. Reduktion von 12 mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid gibt je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen das Dihydronaphthalindicarbinol 25 bzw. das unerwartete Stellungsisomere 26. Veretherung der Reduktionsprodukte mit CH2N2/Et2O—BF3 liefert ein Gemisch der drei isomeren Bis(methoxymethyl)-Verbindungen 31, 32 und 33, die chromatographisch in der Kälte trennbar sind, aber schon bei Raumtemperatur wieder das Gemisch der drei Isomeren zurückbilden, wobei das Diradikal 38 als Zwischenprodukt dieser erstaunlichen Valenzisomerisierung anzunehmen ist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2311-2317 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Allenes, 1,3-diamino- and 1-amino-3-thio- ; Propene iminium salts ; Propyne iminium salts ; MO calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Propyne Iminium Salts: Ambifunctional reactivity reactivity towards Sulfur and Nitrogen NucleophilesPropyne iminium ions 2a-d have been studied by both ab initio (3-21G//3-21G for 2a) and MNDO calculations (2a-d). It is found that the amino group stabilizes the propargyl cation structure at the expense of the allenyl cation structure. Furthermore, the highest positive charge density is located at the amino-substituted carbon atom.  -  Reactions of 2-propyne iminium triflates 6a, b with thiols, thiolates, morpholine, lithium morpholide, and phenylhydrazine have been investigated. C-1 attack at 6, expected under kinetically controlled conditions, is observed in a few cases only. In all other cases, products resulting from C-3 attack takes place leading either to 1,3-donorsubstituted allenes (8, 10, 12) in the absence of proton sources or to their C-2-protonated forms (9, 11, 13-15) otherwise.
    Notes: Für die Propiniminium-Ionen 2a-d werden ab-initio- (3-21G//3-21G für 2a) und MNDO-Rechnungen (2a-d) durchgeführt. Danach stabilisiert die Aminogruppe die Propargylkation- eindeutig gegenüber der Allenylkation-Struktur. Die höchste positive Ladungsdichte befindet sich am aminosubstituierten Kohlenstoffatom.  -  Umsetzungen der 2-Propiniminium-triflate 6a, b mit Thiolen, Thiolaten, Morpholin, Lithium-morpholid und Phenylhydrazin zeigen, daß nur in einigen Fällen unter kinetisch kontrollierten Bedingungen der erwartete C-1-Angriff erfolgt, ansonsten wird C-3-Angriff gefunden. Letzterer führt in Abwesenheit von Protonquellen zu 1,3-donorsubstituierten Allenen (8, 10, 12), andernfalls entstehen deren C-2-protonierte Formen (9, 11, 13-15).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The content of total carotenoids and the ratio astaxanthin/idoxanthin ( = 3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione/3,3′,4′-trihydroxy-β,β-caroten-4-one) in varoius organs and tissues of one Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) reared indoors in a tank were analyzed after feeding ‘racemic’ ((3R,3′R)/(3R,3′S; meso)/(3S,3′S) 1:2:) astaxanthin (90 mg/kg feed) during one yera. Configurational analysis of astaxanthin was carried out via the (-)-dicamphanate derivative and that of idoxanthin after reaction with (+)-(S)-l-(l-naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate. Separation of all eight optical isomers of idoxanthin-tricarbamate derivatives by HPLC is described. In salmon, enzymatic reduction of astaxanthin was found to be sterospecific leading to th (4′R)-hydroxy group irrespective of the configuration at C(3′), thus resulting in four different stereoisomers of idoxanthin formed from (3R,3′R), (3R,3′S; meso)-, and (3S3′S)-astaxanthin present in the diet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H/2H exchange at the methine position of S-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] 2-phenylpropanethioate (DEPP) in solvent/D2O mixtures was taken as a model reaction for the metabolic epimerization of 2-arylpropanoyl-coenzyme-A thioesters and was monitored by 1H-NMR spectroscopy at 37°. The solvents used were (D6)acetone, (D3)acetonitrile, (D6)dimethylsulfoxide, and (D5)pyridine. In the investigated range of D2O percentage (10-50%), the exchange reaction was found to increase linearily with D2O content and with the basicity of the organic solvent, the fastest rates being close to 0.09 h-1 (t½ ca. 8 h). These rates are slower than those observed in vivo for the configurational inversion of profens, and they are elicited in totally unphysiological concentrations of bases. The hypothesis thus formulated is that the metabolic epimerization of 2-arylpropanoyl-coenzyme-A thioesters cannot occur nonenzymatically.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Novel Basic Ligands for the Homogeneous Catalytic Methanol Carbonylation, VI. The Complex Chemistry of Multidentate (Tetrahydrofurfuryl)phosphanes and their Influence on the Selectivity and Conversion for the Synthesis of Ethanol from MethanolThe P,O ligands Ph2PCH2C4H7O (2) and PhP(CH2C4H7O)2 (3) react with (OC)5 MTHF (1a,b) [M=Mo (a), W (b)] to give the pentacarbonylmetal complexes 4b and 5a,b, respectively [eq. (1) and (2)]. Irradiation of 4b, 5a,b and the already known 4a in ether affords the kinetic unstable tetracarbonylmetal complexes (OC)4 MPPh2CH2C4H7O (6a,b) and (OC)4 MPPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (7a,b) with a bidentate function of 2,3 in each case via phosphorus and oxygen. With CO the reactions are reversible without separation of 2, 3 from the core of the complex [eq. (3) and (4)]. From Mo(CO)6 and 2 trans-(OC)4Mo (PPh2CH2C4H7O)2 (trans-8a) is formed which is rearranged to cis-8a via an “opening and closing mechanism” with participation of 2 and the labile Mo—O bond [eq. (5)]. The scission of the W—O bonds in 6b, 7b succeeds also with P(OMe)3 with formation of (OC)4 W[P(OMe)3]PPh2CH2C4H7O (9b) and (OC)4W[P(OMe)3] PPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (10b) [eq. (6)]. The different bonding conditions in 4-7 result from the IR, 31P{1H}, 13C{1H}, and 1H NMR spectra. The influence of 2 and 3 on the homologation of methanol to ethanol was investigated using cobalt as a component of the catalyst and iodine as a promotor. Dependent on the ratio of the synthesis gas, with 2 and equal catalyst composition in good selectivity either ethanol or methyl acetate is formed with conversions of 50 to 70%. The catalyst combination survives several cycles intact.
    Notes: Die P,O-Liganden Ph2PCH2C4H7O (2) und PhP(CH2C4H7O)2 (3) reagieren mit (OC)5 MTHF (1a,b) [M=Mo (a), W (b)] zu den Pentacarbonylmetall-Komplexen 4b bzw. 5a,b [Gl. (1) und (2)]. Bestrahlung von 4b, 5a,b und bereits bekanntem 4a in Ether liefert die kinetisch instabilen Tetracarbonylmetall-Komplexe (OC)4MPPh2CH2C4H7O (6a,b) und (OC)4MPPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (7a,b) mit jeweils zweizähniger Funktionsweise von 2, 3 über Phosphor und Sauerstoff. Mit CO sind die Reaktionen reversibel, ohne daß 2, 3 vom Komplexrumpf abgetrennt werden [Gl. (3) und (4)]. Aus Mo(CO)6 und 2 bildet sich trans-(OC)4 Mo(PPh2CH2C4H7O)2 (trans-8a), das sich über einen „äuf- und Zuklappmechanismus“ unter Beteiligung von 2 und der labilen Mo—O-Bindung in cis-8a umlagert [Gl. (5)]. Die Lösung der W—O-Bindung in 6b, 7b gelingt auch mit P(OMe)3 unter Bildung von (OC)4 W[P(OMe)3]PPh2CH2C4H7O (9b) und (OC)4W[P(OMe)3] PPh(CH2C4H7O)2 (10b) [Gl. (6)]. Die unterschiedlichen Bindungsverhältnisse in 4-7 ergeben sich aus den IR-, 31P{1H}-, 13C{1H}- und 1H-NMR-Spektren. Der Einfluß von 2 und 3 auf die Homologisierung von Methanol zu Ethanol wurde untersucht unter Verwendung von Cobalt als Katalysatormetall und lod als Promotor. In Abhängigkeit vom Synthesegasverhältnis erhält man mit 2 und gleicher Katalysatorzusammensetzung in guter Selektivität entweder Ethanol oder Methylacetat bei Umsätzen von 50 bis 70%. Das Katalysatorgemisch übersteht mehrere Zyklen unbeschadet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 685-689 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Starting with 1,5-cyclooctadiene (1), the title compound 9 is gained in a synthesis of seven steps. 9 exists in two conformations 9a and 9b, of which 9a shows a strong interaction between the oxygen atom and the strained triple bond. Thermal fragmentation of the 1,2,3-selenadiazole 7 is used for the introduction of the triple bond. The structural proof of 7 is performed by 2D-NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Ausgehend von 1,5-Cyclooctadien (1) wird in einer siebenstufigen Synthese die Titelverbindung 9 gewonnen. Sie liegt in zwei Konformationen 9a und 9b vor, wobei in 9a eine starke sterische Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Sauerstoffatom und der gespannten Dreifachbindung auftritt. Zur Einführung der Dreifachbindung dient die thermische Fragmentierung des 1,2,3-Selenadiazols 7. Der Strukturnachweis für die regiospezifische Bildung von 7 wird mit 2D-NMR-Spektroskopie geführt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 373-374 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The He(Iα) photoelectron spectrum of cuneane (1) has been recorded. The ionization energies of 1 are compared with the corresponding data of cubane (2) and dihydrocuneane (3). The distortion from the vertical to the adiabatic radical cation of 1 is analyzed using the same open-shell MINDO/3 method that has been applied to cubane.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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