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  • 1985-1989  (10)
  • Diptera  (4)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4)
  • Salt  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The efficacy of quantitative and qualitative chloride titrators in the estimation of human salt intake (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 62-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Sodium ; Salt ; Chloride ; Epidemiology ; Renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated the utility of chloride titrator sticks for facilitating the assessment of dietary salt intake, in a systematic series of clinical trials. These inexpensive devices were applied daily to 24-h or nocturnal urine specimens, thereby avoiding the inter- and intra-subject variability in salt excretion which confounds the use of occasional 24-h urine collections. Chloride and sodium concentrations in urine were highly correlated (r〉0.92) in either nocturnal, diurnal, or 24-h collections. The quantitative chloride titrator estimates and measured chloride concentrations were highly correlated as well (r〉0.99). The qualitative chloride titrator was graded on a simple scale, and was successfully employed by outpatients attempting to limit their salt intake. Commonly used antihypertensive medications did not interfere with the determinations. Additional chloride intake, such as supplemental potassium chloride, interfered with estimates of salt ingestion, but if the daily amount of potassium chloride supplement was constant, adjustments in interpretation could be made. Renal insufficiency introduced a systematic over-estimation of salt intake by the qualitative chloride tirator, but only at high salt intakes. Relative estimates of salt intake in subjects with renal failure were still possible. We conclude that chloride titrators can facilitate the management of patients who require a prescribed salt intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01733069
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of genetic variance on sodium sensitivity of blood pressure (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Blood Pressure ; Hypertension ; Salt ; Sodium ; Genetics ; Twin Model ; Salt Restriction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine the effect of genetic variance on blood pressure, sodium homeostasis, and its regulatory determinants, we studied 37 pairs of monozygotic twins and 18 pairs of dizygotic twins under conditions of volume expansion and contraction. We found that, in addition to blood pressure and body size, sodium excretion in response to provocative maneuvers, glomerular filtration rate, the renin-angiotensin system, and the sympathetic nervous system are influenced by genetic variance. To elucidate the interaction of genetic factors and an environmental influence, namely, salt intake, we restricted dietary sodium in 44 families of twin children. In addition to a modest decrease in blood pressure, we found heterogeneous responses in blood pressure indicative of sodium sensitivity and resistance which were normally distributed. Strong parent-offspring resemblances were found in baseline blood pressures which persisted when adjustments were made for age and weight. Further, mother-offspring resemblances were observed in the change in blood pressure with sodium restriction. We conclude that the control of sodium homeostasis is heritable and that the change in blood pressure with sodium restriction is familial as well. These data speak to the interaction between the genetic susceptibility to hypertension and environmental influences which may result in its expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728599
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pungent spices, ground red pepper, and synthetic capsaicin as onion fly ovipositional deterrents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 719-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition ; deterrent ; capsaicin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory choice experiments, the spices dill, paprika, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, and red pepper deterredDelia antiqua oviposition by 88–100%. Dose-response choice tests demonstrated that 1 mg of ground cayenne pepper (GCP) placed within 1 cm of artificial onion foliage reduced oviposition by 78%. A synthetic analog of capsaicin, the principal flavor ingredient of red peppers, deterred oviposition by 95% when present at 320 ppm in the top centimeter of sand (the ovipositional substrate). However, in no-choice conditions 10 mg GCP was not an effective deterrent. Sevana Bird Repellent and Agrigard Insect Repellent both use red pepper as a principal ingredient; at recommended field rates, neither of these materials was an effective ovipositional deterrent either in laboratory or field. Capsaicin-based materials do not appear to be candidates for onion maggot control via behavioral modification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014714
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of onion fly attractants and ovipositional stimulants by bacterial isolates cultured on onion (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 905-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; Erwinia carotovora varcarotovora ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; food attractant ; ovipositional stimulant ; dipropyl disulfide ; 2-phenylethanol ; pentanoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Decomposing onions at certain microbial successional stages produce potent volatile attractants and ovipositional stimulants of the onion fly,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). A reproducible source of these compounds was obtained by culturingErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (EC) on sterile onion tissue. In laboratory choice tests, EC-inoculated onion was more attractive thanKlebsiella pneumoniae (KP) cultured on onion, EC cultured on potato (a nonhost of onion fly), or the chemical synthetic baits dipropyl disulfide and an aqueous solution of 2-phenylethanol and pentanoic acid. Onion flies were mildly attracted to potato after inoculation with EC, but females did not accept EC-inoculated potato for oviposition. This work emphasizes that sources of semiochemicals may need to be defined microbiologically as well as physically and chemically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015186
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of cage design on precision of tube-trap bioassay for attractants of the onion fly,Delia antiqua (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Delia (Hylemya) antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; onion fly ; onion maggot ; tube trap ; insect attractants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Responses of onion flies,Delia antiqua, to known attractants were measured in the laboratory with a novel tube-trap bioassay. The relative numbers of flies caught in tube traps baited with enzymatic yeast hydrolysate, brewer's yeast, andn-dipropyl disulfide were similar to those obtained previously with cone traps in the field. Changing the shape of the bioassay cage from a cuboid to a cylinder decreased the experimental error obtained from analysis of variance, as did rotating the floor of the circular cage. This bioassay should be useful in evaluating attractants for other insects that orient along the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989554
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses ton-dipropyl disulfide by ovipositing onion flies: Effects of concentration and site of release (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1261-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Hylemya antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; host selection ; oviposition ; dipropyl disulfide ; behavior ; herbivore ; plant-insect interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Onion fly females,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) laid the most eggs on ovipositional dishes havingn-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) release rates of 1–6 ng/sec from polyethylene capsules placed beneath a sand substrate. When dipropyl disulfide was released from the wax coating of surrogate foliage rather than from the substrate, ovipositing females again responded differentially to various concentrations, laying more eggs around stems containing 0.075 and 0.089 mg/stem. Factorial combinations of several concentrations released from surrogate foliage and substrate showed that releases from surrogate foliage stimulated four times more egg-laying than releases from the substrate. Females tended to lay more eggs around surrogate stems having Pr2S2 at the base rather than on the upper half of foliage. Observations of individual females performing preovipositional examining behaviors on Pr2S2-treated surrogate stems indicated that females tended to land on the upper portions of the foliage, but after landing, spent most of their time examining areas of soil and surrogate within 1 cm of the soil-surrogate foliage interface. Surrogate stems provide a realistic context for investigating effects of plant chemicals on host-acceptance behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020553
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid transport and exchange in unfertilized mouse eggs (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 15 (1986), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: methionine uptake ; methionine efflux ; kinetic parameters ; trans-stimulation ; trans-inhibition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mouse egg is an ideal model for the kinetic study of neutral amino acid exchange transport in development in that it possesses strong exchange-mediated uptake/efflux with little other efflux. Exchange transport was examined by preloading eggs in unlabeled or labeled amino acid and then measuring subsequent amino acid fluxes. The existence of two L-like (leucine-preferring) systems, a low-affinity exchange system, and a high-affinity weakly exchanging system is suggested by the differences between preloaded and control eggs in uptake specificity and in the kinetic parameters of methionine uptake (respectively, Km = 220 and 69 μM, Vmax = 98 and 32 fmol/min/egg). The Vmax of exchange-mediated efflux of methionine is similar to that for uptake into preloaded eggs, but the Km is about an order of magnitude higher. Preloading in alanine and serine (preferred substrates, along with cysteine, of system ASC) decreased the subsequent uptake of radiolabeled methionine, suggesting some ASC activity in the unfertilized mouse egg. The plateau in accumulation of leucine and phenylalanine, characteristic of simple exchange (mediated by system L), is not shared by methionine, suggesting the existence of another system (possibly an A, or alanine-preferring, system) for the transport of methionine. Amino acid transport in the mouse egg is more complex than previously thought, the egg possessing four interacting systems for the transport of the neutral amino acids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120150102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Load displacement behavior of the human Lumbo-sacral joint (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 5 (1987), S. 488-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Lumbo-sacral joint ; Lumbar spine ; Stiffness ; Apophyseal joints ; Mechanical properties ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The three-dimensional load displacement behavior of nine fresh adult L5-S1 spine motion segments was studied. Static test forces up to 160 N in anterior, posterior, and lateral shear, test forces up to 320 N in compression, and test moments up to 15.7 Nm in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion were used. The six displacements of the center of the inferior L5 endplate were measured 15 and 60 s after the load was applied. Specimens were then retested after posterior element excision. The results show that at the maximum test force, intact specimen mean (sd) displacements ranged from 1.65 mm (0.63 mm) in lateral shear to 2.21 mm (0.87 mm) in posterior shear. Posterior element excision resulted in an average 1.66-fold increase in shear translations. At the maximum moment, rotations ranged from 3.38° (1.03°) in torsion to 7.19° (1.77°) in flexion. Posterior element excision resulted in an average 2.09-fold increase in bending rotations and a 2.74-fold increase in the average torsional rotation. In general, these L5-S1 joints were stiffer than more cranial lumbar segments in flexion, extension, and lateral bending and were less stiff in torsion tests.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100050404
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motions and loads within the human pelvis: A biomechanical model study (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 6 (1988), S. 840-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Pelvis ; Sacroiliac joints ; Symphysis pubis ; Spine biomechanics ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pelvis, a major load carrying component of the musculoskeletal system, is sometimes suspected as a site of mechanically provoked low back pain. Thus, studies of its basic biomechanics seem warranted. This study used biomechanical model simulations to examine how pelvic geometry and joint soft tissue properties influence relative motions among its bones and internal loadings of its joints. A biomechanical model of a pelvis was loaded by forces of up to 1000 N and moments of up to 25 Nm. Its resulting motions and joint loadings were determined. The effects on these responses due to pelvic geometry changes of 20% in lengths and 10° in angles, and soft tissue stiffness changes, most of which were 25%, were also examined. For all situations examined, model pelvis relative displacements were at most a few mm, and relative rotations were at most a few degrees. Internal forces and moments were always less than 530 N and 30 Nm, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100060608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Load-displacement behavior of sacroiliac joints (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 5 (1987), S. 92-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Pelvis ; Sacroiliac joint ; Sacral geometry ; Spine biomechanics ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We measured the load-displacement behavior of both single and paired sacroiliac (SI) joints in fresh cadaver specimens obtained from eight adults between the ages of 59 and 74 years. With both ilia fixed, static test loads were applied to the center of the sacrum along and about axes parallel and normal to the superior S1 endplate. Test forces up to 294 N were applied in the superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, and lateral directions. Moments up to 42 N-m were applied in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial torsion. Displacement of the center of the sacrum were measured 60 s after each load increment was applied, using dial gauges and an optical lever system. The tests were then repeated with only one ilium fixed. Finally, the three-dimensional location and overall geometry of each SI joint were measured. For an isolated left joint at the maximum test loads, the mean (SD) sacral displacements in the direction of the force ranged from 0.76 mm (1.41) in the medial to 2.74 mm (1.07) in the anterior direction. The mean rotations in the direction of the moments ranged from 1.40° (0.71) in right lateral bending to 6.21° (3.29) in clockwise axial torsion viewed from above. We also examined load-displacement behavior under larger loads. Single sacroiliac joints resisted loads from 500 to 1440 N, and from 42 to 160 N-m without over failure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100050112
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