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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effects of nifedipine on plasma levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in hypertensive hemodialyzed patients (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 1291-1291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: 25 Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) ; 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2-D) ; Nifedipine ; Regular Hemodialysis Therapy (RDT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01785712
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nifedipine inhibits granulocyte activation during cardiopulmonary bypass (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 581-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Granulocyte elastase ; Nifedipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727628
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of alcohol in clinical nephrology (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 948-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Alcoholism ; Fetal alcohol syndrome ; Genitourinary tract malformations ; Phosphate and magnesium depletion ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Acute renal failure ; Hypertension ; Alkohol ; Alkoholische Embryopathie ; Urogenitaltraktschädigung ; Phosphatund Magnesiumdepletion ; Rhabdomyolyse ; Akutes Nierenversagen ; Hypertonie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nephrologisch wichtige Störungen des schwereren Alkoholismus manifestieren sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Eine direkte Schädigung der Nieren und abführenden Harnwege ist bislang ausschließlich bei alkoholischer Embryopathie nachgewiesen. Beim Erwachsenen dominieren unspezifische und komplexe Elektrolytstörungen mit Akzentuierung im Alkohol-Entzugssyndrom. Die Niere ist nicht selten primäre Ursache verschiedener Störungen, sie trägt ferner zur — oft inadäquaten — Kompensation extrarenal entstandener Stoffwechselstörungen (z.B. Phosphatmangel, Hypoglykämie) bei. Der alkoholassoziierten Uratretention, hervorgerufen durch Hyperlaktatämie oder Erhöhung derβ-Hydroxybuttersäure, kommt — wegen meist mäßiger Ausprägung — für die Entwicklung einer hyperurikämischen Nephropathie nur geringe Bedeutung zu. Alkoholexzeß (akut oder chronisch) prädisponiert zur Rhabdomyolyse mit konsekutivem Nierenversagen. Möglicherweise ist bei schwerem Alkoholismus und Myopathie die Vulnerabilität der Nieren für andere Noxen gesteigert. Bei der Ratte wird das Glyzerin-induzierte akute Nierenversagen durch Alkoholvorbehandlung verstärkt. Alkohol begünstigt ferner bei Normotonikern und Hypertonikern einen Blutdruckanstieg, der seinerseits das Risiko einer Nierenschädigung erhöht.
    Notes: Summary Different nephrological derangements are observed in severe alcoholics. Until now the direct toxicity of ethanol is only shown in the fetal alcohol syndrome with various malformations of the genitourinary tract. In the adult the kidney is often involved in the development, maintenance and counterregulation of complex electrolyte disturbances like phosphate and potassium hypoglycemia etc. The alcohol associated retention of urate, induced by hyperlactatemia and/or increasedβ-hydroxybutyrate concentration is only rarely complicated by urate nephropathy. Alcohol intoxication (acute and chronic) predisposes to rhabdomyolysis with the risk of acute renal failure. There are some hints that chronic alcoholism with myopathy increases the vulnerability of the kidney for further toxic agents. In rats glycerol induced renal failure is enhanced by alcohol pretreatment. Finally, regular alcohol consumption raises the blood pressure, which per se is a risk factor for renal damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01738150
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential role of carnitine in patients with renal insufficiency (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 579-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Carnitine ; Carnitine esters ; Carnitine palmityl transferase ; Hemodialysis ; Peritoneal dialysis ; End-stage renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carnitine metabolism is altered in renal insufficiency and influenced by the treatment modalities. Chronically uremic patients with end-stage renal disease under conservative therapy, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis show low, normal, or elevated serum levels of TC and a distorted pattern of FC, SCAC, and LCAC. HD induces a marked depletion of FC, while predialytic elevated SCAC and LCAC are in the normal range at the end of dialysis treatment. All carnitine fractions rapidly return to predialysis levels 6 h after HD due to a transport of carnitine from muscle stores to plasma pool. Muscle carnitine content is elevated in chronic uremic patients under conservative therapy. Normal or decreased levels are observed in patients on long-term HD treatment. In addition, weekly losses of carnitine in patients undergoing HD or peritoneal dialysis do not exceed urinary carnitine excretion of CO. Supplementation with currently recommended doses (1–2 gl-carnitine i.v. at the end of each HD) is followed by a marked rise in plasma carnitine levels, suggesting limited carnitine utilization in uremia. Therefore, lower carnitine doses and modified application regimens should be considered to avoid exaggerated plasma levels of carnitine and carnitine esters. Furthermore, carnitine application has been reported to show beneficial, worsening, or no effect on the deranged lipid metabolism of the uremic patients. In patients undergoing CAPD or IPD predominantly normal serum carnitine levels have been reported. On the other hand, SCAC and LCAC esters are markedly elevated in these patients. After kidney transplantation the pattern of carnitine fractions is fully normalized in patients with plasma creatinine ≤120 µmol/l. Increased levels for TC and its ester fractions are observed in case of an impaired kidney function. Acute renal failure due to massive rhabdomyolysis may occur in rare cases of CPT deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01735259
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effects of nifedipine on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in hypertensive hemodialyzed patients (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 1124-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Insulin ; Glucagon ; Glucose ; Hemodialysis ; Nifedipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate long-term effects of nifedipine on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, 15 hypertensive patients undergoing regular hemodialysis treatment were investigated before nifedipine therapy, after 3 and 9 weeks, and 2 weeks after stopping nifedipine therapy. Three weeks following the administration of nifedipine, both glucose and insulin concentrations decreased significantly from 102.1±2.6 to 94.9±2.2 mg/dl and from 19.9±2.9 to 13.9±1.7 µU/ml and also remained significantly lower after 9 weeks of nifedipine therapy. This effect was paralleled by a fall of noradrenaline and dopamine. Glucagon levels remained constant. Glucose tolerance tests performed during nifedipine medication and 2 weeks after stopping of nifedipine therapy did not differ significantly. An increase of pyruvate, citric acid cycle intermediates, and ketone bodies — but not of lactate — was registered during nifedipine medication. The observed effects were not completely abolished after the 2-week placebo phase. Our data indicate that nifedipine lowers serum glucose values despite decreased insulin and constant glucagon levels in hypertensive hemodialyzed patients. Considering additionally the behavior of catecholamines and organic acids, the effects could be explained by the improvement of peripheral glucose utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726873
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 924-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Skeletal muscle ; Glycogen ; Glucose ; Glycogen synthetase ; Glycogen phosphorylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was performed to investigate as to whether peripheral insulin resistance exists in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). After a 12 h fasting period, SHR had significantly higher serum glucose and higher plasma glucagon values in comparison to normotensive control rats (WKY). There was a tendency for higher serum insulin concentrations as well, but this difference did not reach significance. After oral glucose loading or glucose/insulin administration, serum glucose and insulin levels were also higher in SHR compared to WKY rats. Muscle glycogen and glucose concentrations were identical in fasted SHR and WKY rats. With an oral glucose load or glucose/insulin treatment there was a significant increase in muscle glycogen, whereas glucose values declined in skeletal muscle. Both total (a+b-form) phosphorylase activity as well as the active a-form of the enzyme were similar in skeletal muscle of SHR and WKY rats. Glucose/insulin administration or oral glucose loading induced a considerable reduction of both a+b-form and a-form activities. The decrease in muscle phosphorylase activities was almost identical in both groups of animals. There was also a comparable activity of muscle glycogen synthetase activity in all groups of rats. Despite subtile changes of glucose, glucagon and to a lesser degree insulin levels which would be suggestive of insulin resistance, the data obtained from skeletal muscle argue against peripheral insulin resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728956
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine and metabolic abnormalities following kidney transplantation (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 907-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney transplantation ; Cyclosporin ; Azathioprine ; Lipoproteins ; Carbohydrate metabolism ; Hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various endocrine and metabolic disturbances associated with long standing uremia persist after kidney transplantation or arise from the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Hyperlipidemia for long time being implicated as the cause of corticosteroids is also observed in renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin A monotherapy. After conversion from cyclosporin to azathioprine serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration fall, and elevation of LDL-cholesterol may also be reversed. There is a tendency for higher HDL-cholesterol in azathioprine and prednisolone treated transplant patients. Those patients who are at risk for clinically significant cholesterol elevations can be predicted by their pretransplant lipid levels, specifically the LDL-fraction. Risk-benefit ratio of conversion and of treatment with lipid-lowering drugs, especially with lovastatin, should be carefully examined, also in view of glucose intolerance. Higher incidence of diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy in cyclosporin treated transplant recipients has been reported. Cyclosporin may cause toxic effects on pancreatic beta-cells resulting in inhibition of insulin secretion. High doses of cyclosporin induce inhibition of glycogen synthesis in rat liver. Glucose intolerance is reversible after reduction of cyclosporin dose or conversion to azathioprine. Therefore glucose metabolism in kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin should be carefully followed. Immunosuppressive therapy may affect reproductive function, arachidonate metabolism and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as posttransplant calcium and phophate metabolism. Endocrine and metabolic abnormalities are associated with long standing uremia. After successful kidney transplantation several observations are normalized but further complications arise from the use of immunosuppressive drugs. The present paper reviews various endocrine and metabolic disturbances described following renal transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01717348
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The key role of sex dependency on kidney citrate metabolism in the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 185 (1985), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Sex dependency ; Kidney citrate metabolism ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An evaluation of the potential role of the kidney in the regulation of the blood citrate level under different acid-base statuses and various diets was performed. Twenty-four hours after bilateral nephrectomy there was a highly significant increase in the blood citrate concentrations in female rats, whereas the blood citrate levels either remained unchanged or decreased in bilateral nephrectomized male animals. Our data clearly indicate a key role of sex dependency on kidney citrate metabolism in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851530
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nifedipine on carbohydrate metabolism in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 187 (1987), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Nifedipine ; Carbohydrate metabolism ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glycogenolysis ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The potential role of an oral administration of nifedipine was investigated in the rat. Therefore, animals were fed on a nifidipine-containing or control diet for 12 days. Nifedipine caused a significant decrease of liver glycogen (47.9 ± 4.9 vs 132.6 ± 17.1 µg/mg protein), whereas liver glucose (213.1 ± 15.3 vs 110.4 ± 6.4 µg/mg) and lactate (44.8 ± 4.1 vs 26.5 ± 1.8 nmol/mg) concentrations increased. Various concentrations of nifedipine failed to influence glycogenolysis but stimulated gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Blood lactate and pyruvate levels were significantly elevated in the nifedipine pretreated rats, whereas ketone bodies remained constant. Nifedipine pretreatment also increased the rates of excretion of various electrolytes and water followed by significantly lower plasma sodium, potassium, phosphate, and normal glucose values. We conclude that nifedipine-induced liver glycogenolysis may deteriorate glucose tolerance in patients with an already impaired carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852084
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