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  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 25 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article focuses on the pattern of relationship that develops over time between a state-owned firm and its owner. the main hypothesis is that there is not a single, permanent pattern of relationship. Instead, it is proposed that there are three possible modes of interaction, which can be combined into a cycle. the state-SOE relationships are thus shown to evolve from mutual dependance and co-operation to autonomy via an adversarial stage.The article first provides detailed examples of the various types of relations that have been revealed by research, then combines them into the idea of cycle, before investigating the forces that lie under the cycle. It finally offers several implications for both practice and research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 126 (1985), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 15-18 (Jan. 1987), p. 1329-1336 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 190-193 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A fosfomycin disk (200 µg) placed on blood agar was used to select diphtheroids from clinical specimens. AllCorynebacterium type strains tested, representing ten different groups of diphtheroids, and 150 toxigenic strains ofCorynebacterium diphtheriae from different outbreaks, overgrew the fosfomycin disk, while other aerobic gram-positive rods had a large inhibition zone. The method increased the rate of isolation of diphtheroids in 1267 clinical specimens fivefold, from 1.4 % to 7.6 %, especially when the diphtheroids were found concomitantly with other bacteria. Overgrowth of the disk by other microorganisms occurred in 11 % of the samples tested, but such microorganisms could easily be distinguished by culture morphology or Gram stain. Fosfomycin disks provide a simple, highly sensitive but not very specific aid for isolation ofCorynebacterium diphtheriae and diphtheroids from clinical specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 16 (1988), S. S106 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine Übersicht über die Histomorphologie der experimentellen Listeriose dar. Sie beruht auf Untersuchungen, welche von unserer Arbeitsgruppe in den vergangenen zehn Jahren durchgeführt wurden. Dabei wurde der Einfluß sowohl des infektiösen Agens (pathogeneListeria monocytogenes Serovar 4b, apathogeneListeria innocua Serovar 6b etc.) als auch des Wirtsorganismus (NMRI-Mäuse konditioniert mit Dextransulfat 500 oder Cyclosporin A, Thymus-defekte nackte Mäuse etc.) auf den Verlauf und die Morphologie der Listerieninfektion untersucht. Aus den tierexperimentellen Beobachtungen ergaben sich wichtige Rückschlüsse auf die Faktoren, welche die histomorphologischen Manifestationen der Listeriose beim Menschen bestimmen.
    Notes: Summary This paper is a survey of the histomorphology of experimental listeriosis based on cooperative studies performed within the past ten years. The influence of various parameters of the infectious agent (pathogenicListeria monocytogenes serovar 4b, non-pathogenicListeria innocua serovar 6b etc.) as well as of the host (euthymic NMRI-mice conditioned with dextran sulfate 500 or cyclosporin A, athymic nude mice etc.) on the course, morphology and outcome of the Listeria infection was investigated. From the experimental models used and the studies performed much could be learned concerning the factors that determine the histomoraphological manifestations of listeriosis in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die experimentelle Infektion von Mäusen mitListeria monocytogenes wird häufig als Modell für eine zellvermittelte Immunreaktion gegen fakultativ intrazelluläre Bakterien benutzt. Bei der Messung der spezifischen Immunantwort ist jedoch zu berücksichtigen, daß auch die unspezifische Resistenz gegenüber den Mikroorganismen von einer Vielzahl endogener und exogener Faktoren verändert werden kann. Der wichtigste endogene Faktor für die unspezifische Resistenz von Inzuchtmäusen gegenüberListeria monocytogenes ist ihre genetisch bedingte Resistenz oder Empfindlichkeit. Weiterhin spielt das Alter der untersuchten Tiere eine wichtige Rolle. Nach der Geburt kommt es zu einer nur langsamen Entwicklung der Resistenzmechanismen, während alte Tiere im Vergleich mit jungen erwachsenen Mäusen über eine gesteigerte Abwehr verfügen. Die Resistenz kann ferner durch den Ernährungszustand, durch eine Schwangerschaft oder durch eine simultan ablaufende zweite Immunantwort beeinflußt werden. Exogen zugeführte Substanzen, die die Funktion des mononukleär-phagocytierenden Systems blockieren, können die Abwehr des Organismus gegenüber Listerien völlig zunichte machen. Andere Immunmodulatoren, wie BCG, abgetötete Zellen vonBordetella pertussis oderPropionibacterium acnes, Lipopolysaccharide, Suramin usw., können die unspezifische Resistenz sowohl steigern als auch abschwächen. Die beobachtete Wirkung hängt wesentlich von der zeitlichen Beziehung zwischen der Injektion von Immunoadjuvans und Listerien ab, wobei das monunukleär-phagocytierende System der zentrale Angriffspunkt für die Immunmodulatoren zu sein scheint. Bei einer gleichzeitigen Injektion von Bakterien und Immunmodulator kommt es regelmäßig zu einer Verminderung der Resistenz, während sich durch die Injektion der Immunadjuvantien einige Tage bis einige Wochen vor der Infektion die Resistenz signifikant steigern läßt. Bei der Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegenL. monocytogenes oder bei der Prüfung von Immunmodulatoren sollte daher die Wirkung der Substanzen auf das labile Gleichgewicht des mononukleär-phagocytierenden Systems besonders sorgfältig geprüft werden.
    Notes: Summary The experimental infection of murine hosts withListeria monocytogenes is often used as a model for cell-mediated immunity. However, the natural immunity or non-specific resistance to listeriosis can be influenced by the parasite itself and also by a wide array of endogenous and exogenous host factors. The most important host factor in inbred mouse strains is their genetically determined susceptibility or resistance toListeria monocytogenes. Secondly, the age of the mice is crucial for the outcome of infection. Resistance is only slowly developed by newborn mice, while aged mice possess an increased non-specific resistance as compared to young adult animals. Resistance is further influenced by the nutritional status, by pregnancy or by a simultaneous second antigenic stimulation. Regarding exogenous factors, macrophage blocking agents can totally abolish the resistance to listeriosis, while a lot of immunomodulating agents, such as BCG, killedBordetella pertussis orPropionibacterium acnes organisms, lipopolysaccharides, suramin etc., can either increase or decrease the resistance. The mononuclear phagocyte system seems to be the main target of all these immunomodifiers. The timing between listeria infection and application of the immunomodulator determines the effect on non-specific resistance. A simultaneous injection of parasite and immunomodulator results in a decrease of resistance, while the application of immunoadjuvants several days before infection can dramatically increase the resistance to listeriosis. The delicate equilibrium of the mononuclear phagocyte system must therefore be taken into account, when infection withListeria monocytogenes is used to test for immune-modifying agents, which are intended for use in humans or animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 8 (1989), S. 633-636 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The adenylate cyclase activity ofBordetella pertussis in clinical isolates was measured in calmodulin-supplemented Stainer-Scholte broth by the rate of conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP. Analysis of 250 stock strains ofBordetella pertussis showed that measurable adenylate cyclase activity was produced by all strains. In clinical testsBordetella pertussis was isolated from 135 (22 %) of 605 swab samples. Increased adenylate cyclase activity was detected in 124 (92 %) Stainer-Scholte broth cultures of these samples. A total of 475 swabs contained other bacteria or had no growth; only one of the Stainer-Scholte broth cultures of these swab samples contained measurable adenylate cyclase activity. The results indicate that testing for adenylate cyclase activity provides a specific and sensitive means for detectingBordetella pertussis in clinical specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 502-504 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence of group JK corynebacteria in the skin flora of the axilla and inguinal regions was monitored for several months in three groups comprising 45 oncological patients, 49 dialysis patients and 36 healthy staff members. Oncology patients were colonised significantly more often (51 %) than dialysis patients and staff members (33 % and 36 % respectively). The frequency of isolation did not differ between male patients and staff whereas female patients were colonised significantly more often than female staff members. The inguinal region was colonised more often than the axilla. Oncological patients had the highest proportion of antibiotic resistant group JK corynebacteria strains on their skin and staff members the lowest proportion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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