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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 119 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Elevated levels of serum interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) represent an early measure of T cell activation. The concentration of IL2R was measured in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis (n= 58) or psoriasis, without psoriatic arthritis, (n= 26), who had moderate to severe disease activity, and in non-atopic healthy controls (n= 37) by an ELISA technique. Serum IL2R levels were found to be significantly elevated in both disease groups compared with the controls. The increase in serum IL2R may be due to T cell activation in the dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 115 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 278 (1986), S. 274-276 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Interferon α2 ; Interferon γ ; Granulocytes ; Chemiluminescence ; Lucigenin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interferon (IFN) has been described to influence various cellular functions. In this study we investigated whether the oxidative response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is also affected by IFN. In order to exclude the possible influence of impurities in IFN preparations, only recombinant human IFN α2 or γ were used. Lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of PMN was measured to assess the production of oxygen radicals. IFN γ at a concentration of more than 10 ng/ml elicited a minimal CL response in PMN. When PMN were incubated with IFN γ for 1 h and then stimulated with chemotactic peptide f-met-phe (FMP), zymosan-activated serum (ZAS), zymosan particles, or phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA), the CL response was increased as consequence of the generally enhanced oxidative metabolism. IFN α2 showed no such effect at any concentration tested. A 5-min pretreatment with IFN γ decreased the ZAS response but did not affect the reaction to the other stimuli. The possibility of a generation of IFN by PMN during the assay could be excluded as no IFN activity could be detected in an antiviral assay after stimulation of PMN for 6 h with PolyIxPolyC, LPS, ConA, C. parvum, PMA, zymosan, or FMP. The modulation of granulocyte activity by IFN γ may be important in the regulation of the anti-inflammatory response of PMN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 278 (1985), S. 41-43 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Complement ; Anaphylatoxins ; C5a ; Chemiluminescence ; Granulocytes ; Lucigenin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The complement system can be activated by many factors, including immune complexes, leading to the generation of biologically active split products like C5a anaphylatoxin. This study presents a technique which may be used for measuring C5a activity in human serum. The tetanus-anti-tetanus immune complex and aggregated human IgG were used as model activators of the complement cascade. The C5a activity was measured by C5a-induced chemiluminescence of granulocytes; furthermore, a radioimmunoassay was used to detect the C5a peptide. There was a strongly positive correlation between the two assay systems. The described method should be useful as an alternative means of detecting complement activation in the serum of patients with inflammatory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 359-361 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Complement ; Anaphylatoxins ; Psoriasis ; Atopic dermatitis ; C3a ; C5a
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normal complement components and activation products were determined in the peripheral blood of 35 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 24 patients with psoriasis at a mild to intermediate stage. None of the patients had received systemic or local steroid therapy 6 weeks prior to blood collection. Levels of C3, C4 and C1 inactivator (C1 INA) were determined in serum by radial immunodiffusion, whereas C3a and C5a levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In comparison to healthy non-atopic controls, the levels of C3, C4 and C1 INA were found to be significantly increased in both diseases. No substantial differences were detected between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis guttata, which suggests that the dissimilarities found were not due to preceding or concomitant infections. In AD, there was a tendency towards increased C3a levels, whereas in psoriasis, C3a levels were significantly increased. In both diseases, no measurable amounts of C5a could be detected. The results indicate that, in both AD and psoriasis, the complement participates in the inflammatory process. Elevated levels of C3a suggest that there is a continuous activation of the complement system leading to the generation of inflammatory mediators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 470-477 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Granulocyte-activating ; mediators (GRAM) ; Epidermoid carcinoma ; Lipopoly-saccharide ; Cytokines ; Langerhans cells ; Epidermal cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we investigated the capability of human epidermal cells to generate granulocyte-activating mediators (GRAM). It could be shown that human epidermal cells as well as an epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431) produce an epidermal cell-derived granulocyte-activating mediator (EC-GRAM) which stimulates human granulocytes to release significant levels of toxic oxygen radicals as measured by a lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). For further characterization of EC-GRAM the A431 cell line was used. Supernatants of A431 cells usually contained maximal EC-GRAM levels within 24 h of incubation. Factor production was enhanced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not by silica particles and PHA. Moreover, freeze-thaw lysates of A431 cells and extracts of heat-separated human epidermis contained significant levels of EC-GRAM. Preincubation of granulocytes with EC-GRAM resulted in an enhanced response to subsequent stimulation with the chemotactic peptide f-met-phe. In contrast EC-GRAM did not affect the response to PMA or zymosan particles. However, EC-GRAM treated granulocytes were unresponsive to restimulation with EC-GRAM. Upon high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gel filtration EC-GRAM eluted within two major peaks exhibiting a molecular weight of 17 kD and 44 kD. According to its biochemical and biological properties EC-GRAM can be separated from other cytokines such as ETAF/-interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interferons, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). However, an antibody to human GM-CSF neutralized about 75% of the activity. These results indicate that EC-GRAM activity stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species by granulocytes is probably due to GM-CSF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Interferon ; Lymphoproliferative response ; Atopic dermatitis ; Whole blood cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enhanced susceptibility to viral infections has been reported repeatedly in atopic dermatitis (AD). A difference in the capacity to produce interferons (IFN) in response to viral antigens may be the cause. In the present study we investigated the in vitro IFN production of leukocytes from AD patients in response to different stimuli. Furthermore, the lymphoproliferative responses were tested. The patients showed moderate to severe diesease activity. Whole blood cultures of 25 AD patients and 21 healthy nonatopic controls were stimulated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), with tuberculin derivative (PPD) and tetanus antigen as IFN-γinducers, and withC. parvum, poly I-poly C, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) as inducers of IFN-a Lymphoproliferation was assayed in 5-day cultures in parallel. In AD no significant difference of the IFN production was found in comparison with the controls with any stimuli tested. The lymphoproliferative response of leukocytes of patients with AD was significantly decrased upon stimulation with PHA, Con A, PWM, and PPD. We suggest that in AD the described susceptibility to viral infections is not due to an altered capability of leukocytes to generate IFN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. S254 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Co-trimoxazol vermag, wie viele andere Medikamente, eine Vielzahl von Hautreaktionen, vorwiegend allergischer Pathogenese, auszulösen. Die Mehrzahl dieser Hautreaktionen, wie urtikarielle, purpuriforme, makulo-papulöse, pustulöse Exantheme sowie photoallergische Reaktionen, sind im allgemeinen nicht lebensbedrohlich. Abgesehen vom sehr seltenen anaphylaktischen Schock besteht beim Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom und dem Lyell-Syndrom ein Letalitätsrisiko von etwa 1% bzw. 30%. Mit Hilfe einer umfangreichen epidemiologischen Studie wurden die Inzidenzen von schweren Hautreaktionen (Lyell-Syndrom, Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom) in Deutschland in den Jahren 1981–1985 geschätzt und der Zusammenhang mit den Medikationen bestimmt. Bei einer vorläufigen Auswertung der Studie konnten 217 Fälle von Lyell-Syndromen und 296 Fälle von Stevens-Johnson-Syndromen identifiziert werden. Die Erfassungsrate aus einer nahezu vollständigen Befragung der in Frage kommenden Medizinischen Einheiten (Dermatologien, Verbrennungseinheiten, Intensivstationen) betrug 92%. Die Basisrisiken für Lyell-Syndrom und Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom in der Bevölkerung berechnen sich für den Zeitraum 1981 bis 1985 auf 0,8 (Lyell-Syndrom) und 1,0 (Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom) pro Jahr und 1 Million Einwohner in der medikamentenbezogenen Inzidenzberechnung. Für Lyell-Syndrom liegt Co-trimoxazol im oberen Drittel, für Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom im Mittelfeld der Liste von Medikamenten mit einem möglichen, wahrscheinlichen oder gesicherten Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten dieser schweren Hautreaktionen.
    Notes: Summary Like many other drugs co-trimoxazole can induce a large number of different skin reactions, mainly of allergic pathogenesis. The majority of these reactions, such as urticarial, purpuric, maculo-papular, and pustular exanthemas as well as photallergic reactions, generally do not endanger the life of the patient. Apart from very rare cases of anaphylactic shock, there is a risk of lethality associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Lyell's syndrome of approximately 1% and 30%, respectively. Between 1981 and 1985, an extensive epidemiological survey was carried out in Germany which enabled approximation of drug induced severe skin reactions (Lyell's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Preliminary evaluation of the survey allowed the identification of 217 Lyell's syndromes and 296 Stevens-Johnson syndromes. The total registration rate resulting from an almost complete survey of all applicable medical units (dermatology, burns, intensive care) was 92%. The basic risk amongst the population of acquiring Lyell's syndrome and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, as calculated from the data gathered between 1981 and 1985, is 0.8 and 1.0 per year, and per one million inhabitants respectively, in the drug-related incidence calculation. Co-trimoxazole is in the upper third of the table of drugs which certainly, probably, or possibly induced a Lyell's syndrome and in the middle of the table of those that induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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