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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA image cytometry in malignant and benign sweat gland tumours (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histopathological differentiation between well-differentiated carcinomas and atypical adenomas of sweat gland origin may be difficult, even if immunohistochemical methods are used. Therefore, additional techniques may be helpful. We previously demonstrated that DNA image cytometry (ICM-DNA) can be useful in distinguishing between malignant and benign clear cell hidradenoma. In the present study, a larger series of sweat gland tumours, with a clear-cut diagnosis as malignant or benign on histopathological criteria, was examined by ICM-DNA. Enzymatic cell separation specimens were prepared from paraffin-embedded tissues of 18 sweat gland carcinomas (14 porocarcinomas, one classic eccrine adenocarcinoma, two microcystic adnexal carcinomas and one mostly ductal apocrine carcinoma) and 47 benign sweat gland tumours (three syringocystadenomas, five spiradenomas, 14 cylindromas, three syringomas, seven nodular hidradenomas, 10 cutaneous mixed tumours, four poromas and one apocrine hidrocystoma). Specimens were examined by ICM-DNA according to the current recommendations of the European Society for Analytical Cellular Pathology with the AutoCyte QUIC-DNA workstation using mesenchymal cells as an internal reference. DNA aneuploidy was detected by the stemline interpretation according to Böcking and/or at least three 5[c]-exceeding events. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 16 of 18 (89%) of the sweat gland carcinomas, but in none of the 47 adenomas. These results suggest that the detection of DNA aneuploidy in sweat gland tumours using ICM-DNA is a clear and specific indicator of prospective malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03413.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of imiquimod by suppositories (anal tampons) efficiently prevents recurrences after ablation of anal canal condyloma (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background After surgical removal, anal canal condyloma (ACC) has a higher risk of recurrence compared with extragenital warts. Objectives To reduce local recurrences of ACC using follow-up treatment with imiquimod-containing suppositories (anal tampons). Methods After ablation of ACC, 10 male patients received treatment with imiquimod suppositories three times weekly for 3–4 months. Results Treatment with imiquimod anal tampons was well tolerated. Early initial recurrences in some patients cleared after treatment with the imiquimod suppositories. Within a mean follow-up of 9 months no patient demonstrated recurrence of ACC. Conclusions These data suggest that imiquimod anal tampons may represent a new therapeutic option to prevent recurrences of ACC following ablative surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04979.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful treatment of anogenital Bowen's disease with the immunomodulator imiquimod, and monitoring of therapy by DNA image cytometry (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Imiquimod (Aldara®, 3M) is an immune response modifier used for the treatment of anogenital warts. We report a 55-year-old non-immunocompromised woman with extensive, human papillomavirus (HPV) 16-positive anogenital Bowen's disease. After 5 months of local treatment with imiquimod, the lesions completely regressed clinically and histologically, and HPV 16 DNA was no longer detectable. Moreover, DNA image cytometry revealed DNA aneuploidy (an indicator of prospective malignancy) in pretreatment samples but not in post-treatment samples. Therefore, imiquimod might be a treatment option for Bowen's disease, particularly in patients where other treatment modalities such as surgery are contraindicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04729.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The incidence of atopic dermatitis in school entrants is associated with individual life-style factors but not with local environmental factors in Hannover, Germany (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease in childhood. Micro- and macro-environmental factors have not yet been studied simultaneously in a large cohort of the same area in detail. Objectives The incidence of AD was investigated in 97% of all school entrants (n = 4219) in the city of Hannover, Germany, with regard to the influence of individual and environmental factors. Methods A standardized questionnaire based on the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka that has the sensitivity and specificity of 97% compared with the clinical diagnosis of a dermatologist and a logistic regression model were used. Multiple local-based environmental factors were analysed for all 49 city quarters. Results Of all children studied, 10·5% suffered from AD at some time in their lives. The frequency of AD was significantly increasing with more privileged socio-economic status (P 〈 0·01). Independent factors that were associated with a higher frequency of AD were German nationality (12·4% AD compared with 2·1% in non-German), higher paternal socio-economic status (i.e. father's profession), higher daily duration of the fathers' professional work and the lack of paternal shift work. In contrast, there was no significant association between the frequency of AD and local environmental factors such as the biological effective level of air pollution and urbanization. Conclusions In conclusion, we confirm an association between a privileged life-style and a higher incidence of AD in a large number of investigated children between 5 and 9 years of age (97·6% of children were 6 or 7 years old) for the German city of Hannover. We propose the socio-economic status as a marker for different life-styles and social micro-environments in further studies as there were multiple significant correlations between individual social and environmental factors. The macro-environment seems to be less important for the disease outcome in this context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04782.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Staphylococcus aureus: colonizing features and influence of an antibacterial treatment in adults with atopic dermatitis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background  The skin of up to 100% of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Of all S. aureus strains isolated from lesional skin, up to 65% have been shown to produce exotoxins with superantigenic properties. Patients colonized with S. aureus have been treated with antibiotics in several open and double-blind placebo-controlled studies, with conflicting results. These studies did not consider the anterior nares as a reservoir of S. aureus, or the possibility of transmission between patients and their contacts. Moreover, adult patients have not so far been investigated. Objectives  To investigate the colonizing features of S. aureus in adults with AD and in their contacts, and the effect of an antimicrobial treatment of the patients and their partners. Methods Swabs were taken from the skin and anterior nares of 66 adults with AD. S. aureus strains were screened for the production of exotoxins in 32 patients. Ten patients (two with toxigenic strains, eight with non-toxigenic strains) were treated orally with cefalexin, chlorhexidine ointment was applied to the skin, and the anterior nares were treated with mupirocin ointment. A bath containing potassium permanganate was taken daily. In addition, their partners were treated topically. Results  Sixty-two of 66 patients (94%) were carriers of S. aureus, and mostly harboured the bacteria on both skin and anterior nares. Ten of 32 (31%) patients were colonized with toxigenic strains. The Severity Scoring in AD (SCORAD) score decreased in nine of 10 patients who received antimicrobial treatment (P 〈 0·001), and this effect was more pronounced in patients with a baseline SCORAD 〉 50. Conclusions  S. aureus may play an important role as an aggravating factor in adults with AD, as antimicrobial treatment leads to a significant improvement of AD in patients who are colonized with the bacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04872.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated levels of interleukin 2 receptor in sera of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 119 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Elevated levels of serum interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) represent an early measure of T cell activation. The concentration of IL2R was measured in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis (n= 58) or psoriasis, without psoriatic arthritis, (n= 26), who had moderate to severe disease activity, and in non-atopic healthy controls (n= 37) by an ELISA technique. Serum IL2R levels were found to be significantly elevated in both disease groups compared with the controls. The increase in serum IL2R may be due to T cell activation in the dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03491.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble E-selectin in sera of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis—correlation with disease activity (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary E-selectin endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 is expressed on endothelial cells in distinct inflammatory skin diseases. E-selectin mediates the adhesion between activated endothelium and different inflammatory cells. To evaluate soluble E-selectin as a marker of disease activity in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, the concentration of soluble E-selectin, determined by ELISA, was studied in sera of patients before and after treatment and compared with normal non-atopic controls. The disease severity was established using clinical scoring systems. Levels of soluble E-selectin were significantly elevated in sera of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (as compared with controls). Clinical improvement, after treatment, in patients with atopic dermatitis, but not in psoriasis, was associated with a significant decrease in serum levels of soluble E-selectin. There was a significant correlation of soluble E-selectin and disease activity in patients with atopic dermatitis. These data indicate that soluble E-selectin is another parameter to evaluate the inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Determination of soluble E-selectin may be a useful measure of disease activity in atopic dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-740.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in human skin lymph derived from sodium lauryl sulphate-induced contact dermatitis (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 127 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A superficial peripheral lymph vessel draining the skin of the upper and medial part of the foot was cannulated on the lower leg of six healthy human volunteers. After 2 days an irritant contact dermatitis was induced by application of 10% sodium lauryl sulphate to the area of skin drained by the lymph vessel. Three days later the spontaneously regressing skin reaction was treated with clobetasol propionate. Lymph was collected twice daily for 7 days, and the levels of various cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2 and soluble IL-2 receptors. IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, GM-CSF) were determined by ELISA technique. In the majority of the volunteers all cytokines examined were detected in several lymph samples, with the exception of IL-lα and IL-8. In parallel with the clinical symptoms of the contact dermatitis the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased 8–l0-fold, whereas for IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2 receptors, and GM-CSF there was a delayed, 2–3-fold increase. These results suggest that cytokines, in particular IL-6 and TNF-α, may actively participate in the immunological reactions in the skin and in the regional lymph nodes during contact dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00123.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a sensitive measure for disease activity in atopic dermatitis (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 126 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by alterations in cellular and humoral immunity including elevated serum levels of IgE, IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). In order to evaluate the relevance of these serum parameters as indicators of disease activity, the concentrations of IgE, IL-2R and ECP were measured in serum samples of patients with an acute exacerbation of AD (n=19) on admission to hospital and every 6 days up to discharge, and compared with those from normal non-atopic controls (n= 15). The severity of the disease in the AD patients was examined using an established clinical scoring system. On admission, AD patients showed significantly elevated serum levels of IgE, IL-2R and ECP compared with normal controls (P≤0.0001). Clinical improvement was associated with a decrease of both the clinical score (P≤0.001) and serum ECP levels (P≤0.005). No significant changes in serum IgE and serum IL-2R were observed. In addition, there was a significant correlation between serum ECP and the clinical score (R=0.67, P≤0.001). These data indicate that serum ECP may be a helpful tool for monitoring disease activity in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00677.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapy of noninfectious granulomatous skin diseases with fumaric acid esters (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Noninfectious granulomatous skin diseases are inflammatory disorders of unknown aetiology which are often recalcitrant to common anti-inflammatory treatment regimens. Recently, in several case reports, fumaric acid esters (FAE) have proved beneficial in granulomatous skin diseases, but studies on a larger collection of consecutive patients have not yet been performed.Objectives  To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of FAE for the treatment of granulomatous skin diseases.Patients and methods  The therapeutic efficacy and side-effects of FAE were analysed retrospectively in 32 patients with disseminated granuloma annulare (n = 13), annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (n = 3), sarcoidosis (n = 11), necrobiosis lipoidica (n = 4), or granulomatous cheilitis (n = 1).Results  Three patients discontinued treatment within 4 weeks because of side-effects. Of the remaining 29 patients, 18 patients responded to treatment with FAE. Marked improvement or complete clearance was seen in seven patients. We observed a slight to moderate improvement in 11 patients, and 11 patients did not respond. In patients showing a complete remission, the maximum effect was observed after 8·5 months (SD ±6 months, range 3–20 months). In two patients with systemic sarcoidosis, the pulmonary changes improved in parallel with the skin. Side-effects were usually mild and resolved spontaneously upon dose reduction or discontinuation of the therapy.Conclusions  The data presented here indicate that FAE may be considered for the treatment of recalcitrant granulomatous skin disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06585.x
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