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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of sulfidoleukotrienes in vitro: Its relevance in the diagnosis of pseudoallergy to acetylsalicylic acid (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Acetylsalicylic acid ; Pseudoallergy ; Invitro diagnosis ; Sulfidoleukotrienes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudo-allergic reactions (PAR) are caused by a variety of drugs, of particular interest by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The clinical symptoms often resemble immediate type hypersensitivity reactions and consist of bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. Antigen specific immune mechanisms, however, are not involved. In general, skin tests are not reliable and the diagnosis of PAR is based mainly on risky provocation tests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish procedures for in vitro diagnosis of PAR to ASA. A controlled study was performed including patients with PAR to ASA based on history and positive oral provocation test and non-atopic as well as atopic controls. In this in vitro study the production of sulfidoleukotrienes (sLT) by isolated leukocytes was measured by cellular allergen stimulation test (CAST), which is based on detection of LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 by a monoclonal antibody. Accordingly, the direct effect of ASA as well as the modulatory effect of ASA on C5a-induced production of sLT in leukocytes in vitro was investigated. In patients with PAR to ASA, C5a-induced generation of sLT was significantly increased as compared to normal controls. In contrast, there was no difference in the spontaneous release of sLT in vitro in patients and controls. Preincubation of leukocytes with ASA did not exert a significant modulatory effect on the spontaneous or the C5a-induced production of sLT in patients and controls. In summary, the present study provides a novel in vitro test system for the diagnosis of PAR to ASA by measurement of sLT release in leukocytes. Moreover, it is attempting to speculate, that C5a induced production of sLT might be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of PAR to ASA in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032571
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine content of human eosinophil granulocytes (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 19-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050377
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wertigkeit des zellulären Antigenstimulationstests (CAST) (1997)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 48 (1997), S. 347-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050595
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of complement in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis — Measurement of C3a and C5a, C3, C4 and C1 inactivator (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Complement ; Anaphylatoxins ; Psoriasis ; Atopic dermatitis ; C3a ; C5a
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normal complement components and activation products were determined in the peripheral blood of 35 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 24 patients with psoriasis at a mild to intermediate stage. None of the patients had received systemic or local steroid therapy 6 weeks prior to blood collection. Levels of C3, C4 and C1 inactivator (C1 INA) were determined in serum by radial immunodiffusion, whereas C3a and C5a levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In comparison to healthy non-atopic controls, the levels of C3, C4 and C1 INA were found to be significantly increased in both diseases. No substantial differences were detected between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis guttata, which suggests that the dissimilarities found were not due to preceding or concomitant infections. In AD, there was a tendency towards increased C3a levels, whereas in psoriasis, C3a levels were significantly increased. In both diseases, no measurable amounts of C5a could be detected. The results indicate that, in both AD and psoriasis, the complement participates in the inflammatory process. Elevated levels of C3a suggest that there is a continuous activation of the complement system leading to the generation of inflammatory mediators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00509233
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of interferon and lymphoproliferative response in whole blood cultures derived from patients with atopic dermatitis (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. S55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Interferon ; Lymphoproliferative response ; Atopic dermatitis ; Whole blood cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enhanced susceptibility to viral infections has been reported repeatedly in atopic dermatitis (AD). A difference in the capacity to produce interferons (IFN) in response to viral antigens may be the cause. In the present study we investigated the in vitro IFN production of leukocytes from AD patients in response to different stimuli. Furthermore, the lymphoproliferative responses were tested. The patients showed moderate to severe diesease activity. Whole blood cultures of 25 AD patients and 21 healthy nonatopic controls were stimulated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), with tuberculin derivative (PPD) and tetanus antigen as IFN-γinducers, and withC. parvum, poly I-poly C, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) as inducers of IFN-a Lymphoproliferation was assayed in 5-day cultures in parallel. In AD no significant difference of the IFN production was found in comparison with the controls with any stimuli tested. The lymphoproliferative response of leukocytes of patients with AD was significantly decrased upon stimulation with PHA, Con A, PWM, and PPD. We suggest that in AD the described susceptibility to viral infections is not due to an altered capability of leukocytes to generate IFN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585921
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin is differentially expressed in various skin tumors (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin is important in cell recognition processes, both during tissue formation in embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult epithelia. In addition, uvomorulin appears to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, in the present study, the expression of uvomorulin in normal human skin and several benign and malignant proliferative skin lesions was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy using affinity purified antibodies. In normal human epidermis, basal and suprabasal keratinocytes showed a strong and homogeneous staining of the cell membrane. In contrast, uvomorulin expression was decreased in squamous cell, as well as in solid basal cell, carcinoma. Interestingly, solid basal cell carcinoma showed a dimorphic staining pattern with a reduced fluorescence of the inner cell layers and normal staining of the peripheral basal cells. In contrast, no such dimorphic staining pattern could be observed in squamous cell carcinoma, in which uvomorulin expression was homogeneously reduced. Decreased expression of uvomorulin was not specific for malignant skin lesions, since it could also be observed in condylomata acuminata. These studies demonstrate that human uvomorulin is differentially expressed in proliferative skin disorders, which may account at least in part for the differences observed in the clinical course between squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1993.tb00236.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence: new perspectives - Wiley, Chichester, 1987 (ISBN 0-471-91470-3). xv + 600 pp. Price £55.00.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 199 (1987), S. 273-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003-2670(00)82832-9
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha-toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Staphylococcus aureus is a well known trigger factor of atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides the superantigens, further exotoxins are produced by S. aureus and may have an influence on the eczema.Objective To explore the impact of staphylococcal α-toxin on human T cells, as those represent the majority of skin infiltrating cells in AD.Methods Adult patients with AD were screened for cutaneous colonization with α-toxin producing S. aureus. As α-toxin may induce necrosis, CD4+ T cells were incubated with sublytic α-toxin concentrations. Proliferation and up-regulation of IFN-γ on the mRNA and the protein level were assessed. The induction of t-bet translocation in CD4+ T cells was detected with the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay.Results Thirty-four percent of the patients were colonized with α-toxin producing S. aureus and α-toxin was detected in lesional skin of these patients by immunohistochemistry. Sublytic α-toxin concentrations induced a marked proliferation of isolated CD4+ T cells. Microarray analysis indicated that α-toxin induced particularly high amounts of IFN-γ transcripts. Up-regulation of IFN-γ was confirmed both on the mRNA and the protein level. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells with α-toxin resulted in DNA binding of t-bet, known as a key transcription factor involved into primary T helper type 1 (Th1) commitment.Conclusion α-toxin is produced by S. aureus isolated from patients with AD. We show here for the first time that sublytic α-toxin concentrations activate T cells in the absence of antigen-presenting cells. Our results indicate that α-toxin is relevant for the induction of a Th1 like cytokine response. In AD, this facilitates the development of Th1 cell dominated chronic eczema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02295.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late eczematous reactions to food in children with atopic dermatitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Food allergy is a common problem in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), particularly in children. While immediate reactions to food are well characterized, the importance of food as a provocation factor for late eczematous reactions has been a subject of debate for several decades.Objective To investigate the importance of food for the induction of late eczematous reactions in children with AD and to correlate the clinical outcome to the results of specific IgE determinations and atopy patch tests (APTs).Methods One hundred and six double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) to cow's milk, hen's egg, wheat and soy in 64 children with AD (median age 2 years) were analysed retrospectively. Total and food-specific IgE were determined by CAP RAST FEIA and APTs with native foodstuff were performed. The diagnostic values of specific IgE and APT results were calculated.Results Forty-nine (46%) of the challenges were related to a clinical reaction. An exacerbation of AD (late eczematous reaction) commonly occurred 24 h after the ingestion of food. Isolated late eczematous reactions were seen in 12% of all positive challenges. Forty-five percent of the positive challenges were associated with late eczematous responses, which followed immediate-type reactions. The sensitivity of food-specific IgE and the APT was 76% and 70%, respectively. Specific IgE and APT were often false positive, which resulted in low positive predictive values (64% and 45%, respectively).Conclusions Late eczematous reactions may often be observed upon food challenge in children with AD. Due to the poor reliability of food-specific IgE and APT results DBPCFCs have still to be regarded as the gold standard for the appropriate diagnosis of food responsive eczema in children with AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1953.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of a κ-casein-specific lymphocyte response in milk-responsive atopic dermatitis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Bovine casein leads to an expansion of lymphocytes expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and to specific lymphocyte proliferation in a subgroup of patients with milk-responsive atopic dermatitis (AD). The casein fraction is composed of different proteins with defined and completely different sequences.Objective To define the stimulatory capacity of the major casein protein (α and k) in lymphocyte proliferation assays with cells from milk-allergic and non-allergic individuals.Methods Proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to lipopolysaccharide-depleted casein subfractions were measured by thymidine incorporation. Lymphocytes from milk-responsive patients with AD were compared with cells from non-responsive patients with AD and to non-atopic individuals, Atopic individuals with immediate symptoms following consumption of cow's milk were included as positive controls. Casein-specific T-cell clones (TCC) from four patients with milk-responsive AD were restimulated with unfractioned casein and K-casein.Results Higher proliferative responses to unfractionated casein and α-,β and casein were observed in milk-responsive patients compared with non-responders. Unfractionated casein and K-casein discriminated best between the milk-responsive patients with AD and non-responders. Twenty-five of 31 TCC from patients with milkresponsive AD reacted to the mixed casein preparation and K-casein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00539.x
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