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  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1975-1979  (8)
  • 1915-1919  (1)
  • Chemistry  (18)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
  • Primidone
  • Recombinant DNA
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo interaction of anticonvulsant drugs (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 218 (1978), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Diphenylhydantoin ; Primidone ; Phenobarbital ; Plasma level ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Plasmakonzentration von Phenytoin wurde bei 45 Epileptikern, die nur dieses Medikament erhielten, bestimmt. Bei 20 weiteren Patienten, die auch Phenobarbital erhielten, wurde im Serum Dekonzentration der beiden Antiepileptika, bei 18 Patienten, die außerdem auch Primidon einnahmen, Dekonzentration der drei Medikamente bestimmt. Es wurde die Plasmakonzentration von Phenytoin auf die eingenommene Medikamentendosis bezogen und der Einfluß der gleichzeitigen Einnahme von Phenobarbital bzw. sowohl von Phenobarbital wie auch von Primidon auf die Phenytoinkonzentration analysiert. Aufgrund der eigenen Untersuchungsergebnisse können folgende Schlußfolgerungen gezogen werden: 1. Die Epileptiker können mit Bezug auf die Phenytoinkonzentration im Serum in zwei Gruppen unterteilt werden. In einer ersten Gruppe wird ein Gleichgewicht bei einem relativ hohen Phenytoinspiegel im Serum, bezogen auf eine bestimmte Medikamentendosierung, erreicht, in einer zweiten Gruppe besteht die Tendenz zu einer deutlich niedrigeren Plasmakonzentration bei gleicher Dosis. Beide Gruppen entsprechen ihrem Verhalten mathematisch einer exponentiellen Kurve, die für jede Gruppe spezifisch ist. 2. Bei gleichzeitiger Einnahme mit Phenytoin senkt Phenobarbital tendenzmäßig den Phenytoin-Plasmaspiegel. Aufgrund der vorgelegten Kurvenbilder kann man den zu erwartenden Phenytoinspiegel bei gleichzeitiger Verwendung beider Medikamente errechnen. 3. Wenn zusätzlich zum Phenytoin sowohl Primidone als auch Phenobarbital gegeben werden, senkt dies den Phenytoinspiegel weit mehr, als aus der alleinigen Gabe von Phenobarbital zu erwarten wäre.
    Notes: Summary The phenytoin plasma levels were measured in 45 epileptic patients whose only treatment was phenytoin. The plasma of 20 other patients receiving both phenytoin and phenobarbital was also tested for the concentration of these two drugs and 18 patients treated with phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone were investigated in the same way. The results were used to calculate the plasma levels of phenytoin in relation to dosage and to measure the effect of the simultaneous use of phenobarbital on the phenytoin plasma levels and of primidone together with phenobarbital on phenytoin concentration. The results led to the following conclusions: The population of epileptic patients can be divided into 2 groups. In the first group the patients reach equilibrium at the relatively high phenytoin plasma level for a given dose of phenytoin, and in the second group the phenytoin plasma level tends to be significantly lower for parallel dosages. Both groups, in their behavior, obey mathematically an exponential graph specific for each group. Phenobarbital tends to lower the plasma phenytoin level when the two drugs are used simultaneously. It is also possible, by the graphs produced, to calculate the expected phenytoin plasma levels when using the drugs together. Primidone and phenobarbital together decrease the phenytoin level much more than expected from the effect of phenobarbital alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313070
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo interaction of anticonvulsant drugs (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 218 (1978), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Diphenylhydantoin ; Primidone ; Phenobarbital ; Plasma level ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Plasmakonzentration von Phenytoin wurde bei 45 Epileptikern, die nur dieses Medikament erhielten, bestimmt. Bei 20 weiteren Patienten, die auch Phenobarbital erhielten, wurde im Serum Dekonzentration der beiden Antiepileptika, bei 18 Patienten, die außerdem auch Primidon einnahmen, Dekonzentration der drei Medikamente bestimmt. Es wurde die Plasmakonzentration von Phenytoin auf die eingenommene Medikamentendosis bezogen und der Einfluß der gleichzeitigen Einnahme von Phenobarbital bzw. sowohl von Phenobarbital wie auch von Primidon auf die Phenytoinkonzentration analysiert. Aufgrund der eigenen Untersuchungsergebnisse können folgende Schlußfolgerungen gezogen werden: 1. Die Epileptiker können mit Bezug auf die Phenytoinkonzentration im Serum in zwei Gruppen unterteilt werden. In einer ersten Gruppe wird ein Gleichgewicht bei einem relativ hohen Phenytoinspiegel im Serum, bezogen auf eine bestimmte Medikamentendosierung, erreicht, in einer zweiten Gruppe besteht die Tendenz zu einer deutlich niedrigeren Plasmakonzentration bei gleicher Dosis. Beide Gruppen entsprechen ihrem Verhalten mathematisch einer exponentiellen Kurve, die für jede Gruppe spezifisch ist. 2. Bei gleichzeitiger Einnahme mit Phenytoin senkt Phenobarbital tendenzmäßig den Phenytoin-Plasmaspiegel. Aufgrund der vorgelegten Kurvenbilder kann man den zu erwartenden Phenytoinspiegel bei gleichzeitiger Verwendung beider Medikamente errechnen. 3. Wenn zusätzlich zum Phenytoin sowohl Primidone als auch Phenobarbital gegeben werden, senkt dies den Phenytoinspiegel weit mehr, als aus der alleinigen Gabe von Phenobarbital zu erwarten wäre.
    Notes: Summary The phenytoin plasma levels were measured in 45 epileptic patients whose only treatment was phenytoin. The plasma of 20 other patients receiving both phenytoin and phenobarbital was also tested for the concentration of these two drugs and 18 patients treated with phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone were investigated in the same way. The results were used to calculate the plasma levels of phenytoin in relation to dosage and to measure the effect of the simultaneous use of phenobarbital on the phenytoin plasma levels and of primidone together with phenobarbital on phenytoin concentration. The results led to the following conclusions: The population of epileptic patients can be divided into 2 groups. In the first group the patients reach equilibrium at the relatively high phenytoin plasma level for a given dose of phenytoin, and in the second group the phenytoin plasma level tends to be significantly lower for parallel dosages. Both groups, in their behavior, obey mathematically an exponential graph specific for each group. Phenobarbital tends to lower the plasma phenytoin level when the two drugs are used simultaneously. It is also possible, by the graphs produced, to calculate the expected phenytoin plasma levels when using the drugs together. Primidone and phenobarbital together decrease the phenytoin level much more than expected from the effect of phenobarbital alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02402173
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic properties of proteoglycan subunit from bovine nasal cartilage. Self-association behaviour and interaction with hyaluronate studied by laser light scattering (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 1727-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements of translational diffusion coefficients by quasielastic laser light scattering, sedimentation coefficients, and intrinsic viscosities at zero shear of proteoglycan subunit fraction A1-D1-D1 isolated from bovine nasal septa are reported. Molecular weights and hydrodynamic dimensions are compared with those expected on the basis of structural models previously proposed. Comparison of the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient in the presence of NaCl and GdnHCl leads to the conclusion that significant self-association behaviour of subunit occurs in the absence of GdnHCl. In the absence of added salt, anomalous nonlinear concentration dependence of Dt estimated from wide-angle light-scattering experiments is observed. In addition, Dt apparently becomes angle dependent. These results are interpreted in terms of the perturbation of normal translational diffusion of the monomer by strong repulsive intermolecular interactions due to the combined effects of long-range electrostatic forces and macromolecular congestion at higher concentrations. By carrying out experiments at small scattering angles, it is possible to determine Dt0 for proteoglycan subunit in the absence of supporting electrolyte. Titration of a dilute solution of subunit with hyaluronic acid results in a sigmoidal behaviour of the Stokes radius, indicating the formation of complexes of higher molecular weight results from the noncovalent association of proteoglycan subunits with hyaluronate. Observation of Dt appears to provide a useful method for studying the proteoglycan subunit-hyaluronate interactions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1979.360180711
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,2,3-Tricarbonylverbindungen, XII. Konstitutionsermittlung der Reaktionsprodukte von Ninhydrin mit 2-Aminophenol bzw. 2-Aminothiophenol (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 3954-3958 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2,3-Tricarbonyl Compounds, XII. Elucidation of the Constitution of the Reaction Products of Ninhydrin with 2-Aminophenol and 2-AminothiophenolNinhydrin (1) reacts with 2-aminophenol (2) and 2-aminothiophenol (6) to give products the constitutions of which were elucidated by means of the 1H- and 13C NMR spectra to be 10a-hydroxy-indeno[2,1-b]benz[1,4]oxazine-11(10aH)-one (3) and 10a-hydroxy-indeno[2,1-b]benz-[1,4]thiazine-11(10aH)-one (7), respectively. Structures mentioned in the literature are on the one hand corrected and on the other hand doubtless established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19771101229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Umwandlungen nichtsteroider Strukturen. IX Mikrobiologische Hydroxylierung von Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3606-3614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiological Transformations of Nonsteroidal Structures, IX Microbiological Hydroxylation of Δ8TetrahydrocannabinolΔ8Tetrahydrocannabinol (5) is hydroxylated at the ring system and the side chain by fermentations with Pellicularia flilamentosa or Streptomyces lavendulae. P. filamentosa yields the compounds 7β,3′- (1) und 7β,4′-dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (3) as well as 8β,9α-dihydroxy-(2a) und 8β,9α,4′-trihydroxy-6a,10a-trans-hexahydrocannabinol (4a), whereas S. lavendulae leads to 7α-hydroxy- (6), 7α,2′- (7), 7α,3′- (8), 7α4′-Dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (9) und 4′-hydroxy-7-oxo-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (10).
    Notes: Δ8Tetrahydrocannabinol (5) wird durch Fermentationen mit Pellicularia filamentosa oder Streptomyces lavendulae gleichzeitig am Ringsystem und in der Seitenkette hydroxyliert. P. filamentosa ergibt die Produkte 7β,3′- (1) und 7β,4′-Dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (3) sowie 8β,9α-Dihydroxy-(2a) und 8β,9α,4′-Trihydroxy-6A,10a-trans-hexahydrocannabinol (4a), während S. lavendulae zu 7α-Hydroxy-(6), 7α,2′- (7), 7α,3′- (8), 7α4′-Dihydroxy-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (9) und 4′-Hydroxy-7-oxo-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (10) führt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761091114
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Umwandlung von Steroiden, XV: Mikrobiologische Hydroxylierung von 3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnan-20-carbonsäure und deren Methylester mit Calonectria decora und Syncephalastrum racemosum (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 2143-2151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbial Transformations of Steroids, XV: Microbial Hydroxylation of 3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnane-20-carboxylic Acid and of its Methyl Ester by Calonectria decora and Syncephalastrum racemosum3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnane-20-carboxylic Acid (1) is hydroxylated by fermentation with Calonectria decora in 12β- (3), 7β,11β- (4), and 1β,12β-position (5) with hydrolysis of the 3-acetoxy group. The methyl ester 2 is attacked in 7α,12β- (6), 7β, 11α- (7), and 12β,15α-position (8), Syncephalastrum racemosum forms from 1 the hydroxy products in positions 11β (9), 12β (3), 7β,11β (4), and 11β,15β (10) as well as the further transformation products 3α-hydroxy- (13), 3α,11β-dihydroxy- (14), 3α,12β-dihydroxy-5β,20α-pregnane-20,18-carbolactone (11), and 11,18-epoxy-3α-hydroxy-5β,20α-pregnane-20,18-carbolactone (16), 1 is transformed by Mycobacterium smegmatis into methyl 3-oxo-pregnane- (18) and 3-oxo-1,4-pregnadiene-20-carboxylate (20).
    Notes: 3α-Acetoxy-5β-pregnan-20-carbonsäure (1) wird durch Fermentation mit Calonectria decora unter Verseifung der 3-Acetylgruppe in 12β- (3), 7β,11β- (4) und 1β,12β-Stellung (5) hydroxyliert. Der Methylester 2 wird analog in 7α,12β- (6), 7β,11α- (7) und 12β, 15α-Position (8) angegriffen. Syncephalastrum racemosum bildet aus 1 die Hydroxylierungsprodukte in den Positionen 11β (9), 12β (3), 7β,11β (4) und 11β,15β (10) sowie die weiteren Umwandlungsprodukte 3α-Hydroxy- (13), 3α,11β-Dihydroxy- (14), 3α,12β-Dihydroxy-5β,20α-pregnan-20,18-carbolacton (11) sowie 11,18-Expoxy-3α-hydroxy-5β,20α-pregnan-20,18-carbolacton (16). Durch Mycobacterium smegmatis wird 1 zu 3-Oxo-4-pregnen- (18) und 3-Oxo-1,4-pregnadien-20-carbonsäure-methylester (20) umgewandelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19781110611
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uranium binding by emulsan and emulsanosols (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1725-1735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Emulsan, the extracellular bioemulsifier of Acinetobacter RAG-1, bound up to 0.9 μm of uranium per 1 mg emulsan. The dissociation constant for the emulsan-uranium complex, KappI was 1.2 × 10-4M. Much larger amounts of uranium were bound to emulsan when the biopolymer occurred on hexadecane-water interfaces. Under these conditions, more than 3.5 µm uranium were bound per 1 mg emulsan and the dissociation constant KappII was 5.1 × 10-5M. At pH 2, more than 90% of the uranium bound to emulsan on the hexadecane-water interface was desorbed, while less than 10% bioemulsifier was released from the interface. The different binding parameters of emulsan when free in solution and while adsorbed onto the hexadecane water interface are discussed in view of potential applications and as a model system for studying the properties of an extracellular amphipathic polymer bound to a hydrophobic surface.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250704
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions stabilized by Acinetobacter RAG-1 emulsan (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Emulsan is a polymeric extracellular emulsifying agent produced by Acinetobacter RAG-1. Hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions (Vf of hydrocarbon of 0.01-0.10) were stabilized by small quantities of emulsan (0.02-0.2 mg/mL). Although both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon emulsions were stabilized by emulsan, mixtures containing both aliphatics and aromatics were better substrates for emulsan than the individual hydrocarbon by themselves. The emulsan remained tightly bound to the hydrocarbon even after centrifugation as determined by (a) residual emulsan in the aqueous phase and (b) the fact that the resulting “cream” readily dispersed in water to reform stable emulsions. With hexadecane-to-emulsan weight ratio of 39 and 155, the noncoalescing oil droplets had average droplet diameters of 2.0 and 4.0 μm, respectively. Dialysis studies showed that the water-soluble dye Rhodamine B adsorbed tightly to the interface of hexadecane-emulsan droplets although the dye did not bind to either hexadecane or emulsan alone. At saturating concentrations of dye, 2.2 μmol of dye were bound per mg emulsan.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solution of liquid-phase multicomponent adsorption in fixed beds (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 765-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized mathematical model is developed to describe the process of multicomponent adsorption on activated carbon in fixed beds. Numerical, finite difference, solutions for the adsorption of binary, and ternary organic mixtures are shown to satisfactorily match previously published experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280510
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the precipitation of proteins by polymers: The hemoglobin - polyethylene glycol system (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2761-2779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of MW 6000 to solutions of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobins results in an increase in the thermodynamic activity of these proteins. This in turn results, when PEG concentration is high enough, in phase separation into two phases; a protein-rich, PEG-poor phase and a PEG-rich, protein-poor phase. With increasing PEG concentration, the protein-rich amorphous phase becomes metastable and is converted into a well-defined crystalline or polymer phase. The logarithm of protein solubility is a linear function of PEG content up to a protein concentration of 150 g/L because the expression for the activity coefficient can, up to this concentration range, be approximated by a logarithmic function. Curvature appears at higher protein concentrations. Activities obtained by extrapolation from linear portions of the function, showing an unchanged, well-defined crystalline state, yield an activity coefficient for the saturated PEG-free protein solution in agreement with the appropriate values obtained from hard-sphere calculations of excluded volume [Ross, P. D. & Minton, A. P. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 112, 437-452]. Solutions containing two hemoglobin species showed cocrystallization of the hemoglobins with a triple point where two crystal forms can be shown to coexist.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231206
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