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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bovine muscle samples were fractionated and assayed to assess the effects of high postmortem temperatures on lysosomal enzymes and muscle fragmentation values. Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were excised from both sides of six animals. One muscle was held at 37°C (HT) and the other was maintained at 2°C as control (C). The pH of the muscles was determined at 1, 4, and 12 hr postmortem. After 12 hr the muscles were homogenized and centrifuged to separate sedimen-table and unsedimentable fractions which were assayed for β-glucuronidase and cathepsin C activities. A fragmentation value was also determined for each sample. The pH of the HT samples dropped more rapidly and was significantly lower at both 4 and 12 hr. No detectable difference in total β-glucuronidase activity was observed between HT and C samples but the distribution was markedly altered as shown by significant differences in the percent of total activity that was unsedimentable (HT 〉 C, P 〈 0.025) and specific activities of the sedimen-table (HT 〉 C, P 〈 0.025) and unsedimentable (HT 〉 C, P 〈 0.025) fractions. For cathepsin C there was a significant drop in total enzyme activity (HT 〉 C, P 〈 0.005) resulting from an apparent degradation of the unsedimentable enzyme which had been released by the HT treatment. The fragmentation values were significantly different showing that the HT samples had probably undergone limited proteolysis resulting in a reduction of muscle fragment size after homogenization. These results add support for the role of lysosomal enzymes in postmortem tenderization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 30 (1984), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This report discusses two primary liver tumours which developed spontaneously and which have not been described in roe deer before. These were a Haemangioma cavernosum in a liver celladenom and a solitary, primary malignes Lymphom which is best classified as a B-cell Lymphom.
    Abstract: Résumé Il est rendu compte de deux cas, inconnus jusqu'alors, de tumeurs hépatiques primaires, apparues spontanément chez le Chevreuil. Is s'agit, en l'occurence, d'un Hémangiome caverneux dans un Adénome de cellules hépatiques de même que d'un Lymphome primaire de nature maligne qui doit plutôt être classé comme un Lymphome B-cellulaire.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über zwei bisher beim Reh nicht beschriebene spontan entstandene primäre Lebertumoren berichtet. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Haemangioma cavernosum in einem Leberzelladenom sowie um ein solitäres, primär malignes Lymphom, das am ehesten als ein B-Zell-Lymphom zu klassifizieren ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 98-108 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei dieser Untersuchung der Oberflächeneigenschaften von ungeschlichteten, vakuumwärmebehandelten „Thornel-50”-Graphitfasern haben wir Tieftemperatur-absorption von Stickstoff und Argon mit Mikrogravimetrie und die massenspektroskopische Analyse angewendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die spezifische Oberfläche der Graphitfasern niedrig ist, von der Größenordnung 1 m2/g. Diese spezifische Oberfläche nimmt zunächst ab und wächst dann langsam an, wenn die Fasern zu immer höheren Temperaturen aufgeheizt werden. Die Gestalt der Adsorptionsisothermen und der Vergleich der Adsorptionsdaten für Fasern, die bei verschiedenen Temperaturen wärmebehandelt waren, die Analyse der Massenspektren der Gase, die beim Aufheizen entstehen, und die bekannten Größenabmessungen der Graphitkristalle legen streng die Annahme für drei Arten von Adsorptionsstellen an den Fasern nahe. Die Flächenanteile der drei Bereiche sind etwa 0,67, 0,26 und 0,07. Wärmebehandlung bei Vakuum verringert die oxidierten Kanten und erhöht die nichtoxidierte Oberfläche. Das Fehlen einer Hysterese bei hohen relativen Drucken läßt eine vernachlässigbare Zahl an großen Poren vermuten, die mit der Außenseite der Faser verbunden sind. Dagegen ist die Anwesenheit einer relativ hohen Zahl von Mikroporen anzunehmen. Der Vergleich der BET-Oberfläche, gemessen mit Stickstoff bei 77°K mit einer Berechnung, die auf einer scanningelektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahme beruht, führt zu einem Faserrauhigkeitsfaktorr = 3.
    Notes: Summary A study was made of the surface properties of unsized vacuum heat treated “Thornel–50” graphite fibers. The techniques used were low temperature N2 and Ar adsorption by microgravimetry, and mass spectrometry. The experiments showed that graphite fiber specific surface area was low — on the order of 1 M2/g. This specific surface first decreased and then increased slightly as the fibers were heated to higher and higher temperatures, The shape of the adsorption isotherms, comparison of adsorption data for fibers heat treated to different temperatures, analysis of the mass spectra of gases evolved during heating, and the known dimensions of the graphite crystallites provided strong evidence for three kinds of adsorption site patches on the fiber. These were identified as planar faces, edges (of the basal planes), and oxidized edges of oriented graphite crystallites in the fiber surface. The fractions of the fiber surface composed of these three patch types were ca. 0.67, ca. 0.26, and ca. 0.07. Vacuum heat treatment decreased the oxidized edge and increased the unoxidized edge surface. Lack of adsorption hysteresis at high relative pressures suggested a negligible number of large pores opening to the outside of the fiber. However, presence of a relatively large number of micropores was indicated. Comparison of the BET surface area obtained with nitrogen at 77°K with a calculation based on scanning electron microscopy indicated a fiber roughness factor of 3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 297-306 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Neuronal tumours ; Neuronal differentiation ; Lectin histochemistry ; Concanavalin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concanavalin A (Con A) acceptors have been demonstrated in large differentiated neurons in a previous paper. In order to elucidate the correlation between Con A binding in normal and neoplastic neurons and lectin binding dependence upon the differentiation grade, 26 tumours of the neuronal series were examined using formalin fixed and paraffin embedded biopsy specimen. The neoplasms included 3 gangliocytomas, 7 gangliogliomas, 1 central neuroblastoma, 11 medulloblastomas, 2 retinoblastomas, and 2 sympathicoblastomas. Well differentiated neurons in gangliocytomas and gangliogliomas expressed a high intracytoplasmic Con A acceptor density comparable to the feature in large non-neoplastic neurons. Less differentiated neurons and neuroblasts showed a weak perinuclear fine granular binding or an absolute lack of binding molecules, respectively. Our results suggest that in a variety of tumours, Concanavalin A receptor density in neurons depends upon the degree of differentiation of the cell. Well differentiated cells have a higher density than poorly differentiated neoplastic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 213-224 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: B-CLL ; B-immunoblastic lymphoma ; Richter's syndrome ; J chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 66-year old male with Richter's syndrome died 52 month after diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The clinical course was characterized by a marked IgM hypoglobulinaemia which paralleled a chronically relapsing Herpes simplex infection. Autopsy showed a large retroperitoneal and intraabdominal tumour mass and well defined supradiaphragmatic lymphomas. Histological examination revealed a composite tumour consisting of CLL B-cell type (B-CLL) and immunoblastic malignant lymphoma of B-cell type (B-IbL). The lymphocytes bear μ-chains on their surface and to a lesser extend within their cytoplasm, the obviously defective immunoblasts produce J chains exclusively. Flow cytophotometric data seem to indicate an identical diploid stem line of the two tumours. The majority of the cells are in G0/1 phase. The CLL rarely produces mitoses, however, the IbL has a mitotic rate of 7% and a considerable proportion (33%) of cells in the phase of DNA-synthesis. This is the fourth malignant lymphoma and the second immunoblastic lymphoma to be reported that produces J chain in the absence of immunoglobulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma ; Peanut lectin ; Ulex europaeus lectin ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten tumours of tonsillar or epipharyngeal localization showing the histological picture of “lymphoepithelial carcinoma” (Schmincke 1921) were examined immunohistochemically using Peanut lectin, Ulex europaeus lectin-I and an antiserum to S-100 protein. The findings suggest a close relationship of this type of carcinoma to the normal tonsillar crypt epithelium. The majority of tumour cells are UEA-I-positive and PNL-negative, as is the crypt epithelium, while oral mucosa is both PNL- and to a lesser extent UEA-I-reactive. Tumour areas expressing this pattern contain a large number of asteroid-shaped PNL-positive histiocytes and arachnoid-shaped histiocytes reacting with anti-S-100 protein; both cell types being probably identical and representing typical elements of the normal tonsillar crypt epithelium. Consequently, the WHO-term “nasopharyngeal carcinoma, undifferentiated type” seems to be inadequate for this type of tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peanut lectin (PNL) ; Human brain tumors ; Granular cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was selected for visualizing the binding of peanut lectin (PNL) to the most frequent human brain tumors. The randomly selected material included neoplasms of neuroectodermal and mesenchymal origin. We employed 1–5 μm sections of routinely processed and paraffin-embedded tissues. PNL receptors were detected to a variable extent on the cell surface of astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningotheliomatous meningeoma, and plexus papilloma. In gliomas an increase in malignancy seems to be associated with a decrease in PNL binding. Except for the plexus papillomas, neuraminidase pretreatment had neither a qualitative nor a quantitative influence on the binding behavior of PNL. Intracellular PNL receptors could be detected in “granular cells” and in the perinuclear region of malignant gliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 80 (1984), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peanut lectin (PNL), Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ulex europaeus lectin I (Ulex) were chosen to map their binding sites in different regions of formalin fixed and paraffin embedded human central nervous system tissue and pituitary gland tissues. An extended PaP method was used for PNL and Ulex, whereas a direct peroxidase technique was employed for Con A. In astrocytes, the cytoplasm as well as the delicate processes were stained by PNL and Con A; the most conspicious binding of PNL was seen in the ependymal cells and on the surface of plexus epithelial cells; in the anterior part of the pituitary gland a selective population was PNL positive. Intracytoplasmic Con A acceptors could be demonstrated in neurons, in ependymal cells, and in plexus epithelial cells. Intracytoplasmic Con A receptors were finely granular in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and in some cells in the pituitary gland. Ulex binding was restricted to the vascular endothelial cells and a selective population of cells in the pituitary gland. Our results suggest that lectins may be good tools for the evaluation of their respective target cells in the central nervous system and in the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 81 (1984), S. 551-560 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine the effect of routine fixation on the lectin affinity of tissue structures, we used unconjugated lectins and an indirect immunoalkaline-phosphatase method for frozen sections, and the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method for paraffin-embedded, formalinfixed tissue sections. Fourteen hyperplastic human tonsils were used, and the results of the binding spectra of each lectin were compared. In general, the binding spectrum defected in the paraffin sections was part of the broader range of affinity obtained in the frozen sections. The lectin receptors on the cell surface were especially affected by formalin fixation. On the other hand, the paraffin sections, because of their superior morphology, showed a better localization of the cytoplasmic reaction product and discriminated the cell types more accurately. Thus, the two tissue preparations are rather complementary. In the tonsil peanut agglutinin (PNA) and periodic acid/Concanavalin A (PA/Con A) proved to be suitable tools for distinguishing exactly between the crypt and the surface epithelium. Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA) is a reliable endothelial marker with a strong affinity to the crypt epithelium. In the frozen sections, PNA regularly stained follicular-centre cells on their cell surface. PNA, Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Con A stained the histiocytic population, especially PNA which additionally stained an “asteroid” histiocyte. This cell probably corresponds to the antigen-presenting histiocyte of the T-system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 354 (1975), S. 241-248 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: 125Iodine-human Albumin ; Albumin Filtration ; Protein Accumulation ; Interstitial, Cortical Albumin Space ; Syrian Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intrarenal distribution of radioiodinated human serum albumin (125RISA) after intravenous injection was studied in Syrian hamsters by scintillation counting and frozen section autoradiography. After 15, 30, and 60 min the virtual plasma albumin space in the renal cortex of the hamster represented 6.49, 7.13, and 8.06% respectively of the kidney tissue volume. From the cortex to the renal papilla the albumin space increased to about 30% of the tissue volume. In comparison to this the albumin space in the renal cortex of the rat was about 20%, and in the renal papilla about 33% (11). Frozen section autoradigraphy indicated that the distribution of radioalbumin in the renal cortex of the Syrian hamster is limited mainly to the kidney vessels, being especially noticeable in the glomerular capillaries. Toward the papilla increasingly greater (mainly extratubular) activity could be observed not only intravascularly but also interstitially. In the cortex of the rat kidney, on the other hand, radioactive albumin was accumulated (probably by filtration and reabsorption) predominantly in the proximal tubular epithelium. Within 30 min the kidneys of the rat excreted more than 10 times as much125I than the hamster kidneys. These results (substantially less cortical accumulation and urinary excretion of radioalbumin in the Syrian hamster) indicate that, in contrast to the rat, obviously much less albumin is filtered (and then accumulated by proximal reabsorption) by the Syrian hamster glomeruli. This suggests that the Syrian hamster kidney is more suitable than the rat kidney for determining the interstitial, cortical, albumin space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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